Kutheni Ukhetha Izitywino ZeeBellows ZeMetal Ukuze Ungazikhuphi Iigesi?

Intshayelelo

Njengoko imida yokukhupha umoya iqina ekucutshungulweni kweekhemikhali, ekucocweni nasekuvelisweni kwamandla, iteknoloji yokutywina ibe yinto ebalulekileyo ekufezekiseni ukusebenza okungenakukhutshwa komoya. Izitywina zesinyithi ziyafumana ingqalelo kuba zisusa iindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusilela ezifumaneka kuyilo lwendabuko lokutyhala, ingakumbi ezo zibotshelelwe kwi-dynamic elastomers kunye nokuhamba kweshaft. Eli nqaku lichaza indlela ulwakhiwo lwazo oluxhasa ngayo ukukhutshwa komoya okuncinci, ukuthembeka okuqinileyo, kunye nokutywinwa okungcono kwexesha elide kwiinkonzo ezifuna amandla. Likwachaza iimeko zokusebenza kunye noxinzelelo lokuthobela imithetho ezenza izitywina zesinyithi zibe lukhetho olusebenzayo xa ukuxinana, ukhuseleko, kunye nexesha lokugcinwa kubalulekile.

Kutheni iiMetal Bellows Seals Ziba Lukhetho Olukhethwayo

Utshintsho oluya kwizakhiwo zoshishino ezingenayo i-emission luye lwatshintsha ngokusisiseko iiparameter zeenkcukacha zezixhobo ezijikelezayo. Njengoko izikhokelo zomthetho ziqina malunga nokukhutshwa kwe-emission okubalekayo, abaqhubi baya besuka ngakumbi kubuchwepheshe bendabuko bokuvala obuxhomekeke kwi-elastomers ezinamandla zesibini. I-Metal bellows seals iye yavela njengesisombululo esiqinisekileyo sokuphathwa kolwelo olunezithintelo eziphezulu, isusa ubuthathaka obukhoyo bee-O-rings ezityibilikayo.

Kwinkqubo yeekhemikhali, ukucocwa, kunye nokuveliswa kombane,uphawu loomatshini lusebenza njengokhuselo oluphambilingokuchasene nongcoliseko lomoya. Ngokusebenzisa isiseko sesinyithi esidityaniswe ngomphetho ukubonelela ngomthwalo wobuso kunye nokuvala okwesibini, ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi yentsimbi ludlula ngokwemvelo i-hysteresis kunye ne-shaft fretting ezihlala ziwohloza ama-pusher seals ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Indlela imida yokukhupha ukungcola kunye neethagethi zokuthembeka ezitshintsha ngayo imfuno

Iiarhente zendalo kwihlabathi liphela zicinezela imida yokukhupha i-volatile organic compound (VOC) eyamkelekileyo. Ngokwembali, amazinga okuvuza e-10,000 parts per million (ppm) ayenyanyezelwa kwizityalo zemizi-mveliso ezindala. Imiyalelo yanamhlanje, eqhutywa ziiprotokholi ezifana ne-EPA Method 21 kunye nemigangatho ye-TA-Luft yaseYurophu, ngoku idla ngokubeka ukukhutshwa kwe-VOC okuvumelekileyo kwi-500 ppm, kunye neenkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezinobungozi ezifuna ukugcinwa okungqongqo ngaphantsi kwe-100 ppm.

Ukuze bahlangabezane nale migomo inzima yokukhupha umbane, iinjineli zokuthembeka zifuna iindlela zokutywina ezigcina ingqibelelo epheleleyo kwixesha elide eliphakathi phakathi kokusilela (MTBF). Ngenxa yokuba izitywina zentsimbi azinayo i-elastomer eshukumayo eguquguqukayo, azihlupheki kwi-O-ring compression set okanye ukuwohloka kobushushu phantsi kwe-dynamic cycling. Le ndlela yokutywina yesibini engashukumiyo iqinisekisa ukuba iprofayili yokuthintela ukukhutshwa kombane ihlala ithe tyaba kwaye iqikeleleka kulo lonke ixesha lokusebenza kwesitywina, ixhasa ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka kwesityalo kunye nemilinganiselo yokuthobela imithetho.

Apho izitywino zentsimbi ezinika ixabiso elikhulu

Iingenelo zesakhiwo se-metal bellows seals ziguqulela ekubeni lixabiso eliphezulu lokusebenza kwiindawo apho izinto ze-elastomeric zingasebenzi kakuhle ngaphambi kwexesha. Usetyenziso lobushushu obuphezulu, njengeempompo zeoyile ezishushu ezisebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400°C (750°F), zimele indawo ephambili yokusasazwa, njengoko le mithwalo yobushushu ichaphazela ngoko nangoko ii-FKM okanye ii-FFKM O-rings eziqhelekileyo.

Iinkonzo ze-cryogenic nazo ziyanceda kakhulu. Xa amaqondo obushushu ehla aye kwi--75°C (-103°F) nangaphantsi, ii-elastomers zitshintsha iglasi, zibe buthathaka kwaye zingakwazi ukugcina isitywina. Iintsimbi zesinyithi zigcina imodulus yazo yokuthamba kunye ne-flexural dynamics kuzo zonke ezi gradients zobushushu obugqithisileyo. Ngaphezu koko, xa kukho izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo okanye ulwelo oluthanda ukwenza i-polymerize kunye ne-coke xa kudityanwa nomoya, ukungabikho kwesitywina sesibini esityibilikayo kuthintela "ukuxhonywa" okuhlala kunyanzela ubuso besitywina ukuba buvuleke, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe ukukhutshwa komoya okubi.

Yintoni Eyenza Iintsimbi Zentsimbi Zibe Zilungele Inkonzo Yokungakhuphi Inkunkuma

Uyilo olusisiseko lwesitywina sentsimbi esithambileyo sithatha indawo yezinto ezininzi zesitywina esiqhelekileyo sokutyhala—ingakumbi izipringi, i-O-ring enamandla, kunye nesingxobo esityibilikayo—ngesiseko sesinyithi esinye, esenziwe ngobuchule obuphezulu. Esi sihlanganisi sidibeneyo sisebenza ngaxeshanye njengesixhobo sentwasahlobo esisebenzisa amandla okuvala oomatshini kwiindawo zesitywina kwaye njengomda wesibini ongenakungeneka ngokuchasene nolwelo lwenkqubo.

Indlela ezisebenza ngayo izitywino zentsimbi kunye neempawu eziphambili zoyilo

Isiseko sentsimbi ye-bellows sakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa uthotho lwee-diaphragms zesinyithi ezifakwe isitampu esichanekileyo, okanye amaphecana, kwiidayamitha zazo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Olu yilo olufakwe isitampu esinomphetho lubonelela ngesantya esithile, esifanayo sentwasahlobo esiqinisekisa ukulayishwa kobuso obuhambelanayo nokuba intshukumo encinci ye-shaft axial ihambelana namanzi. Ngenxa yokuba i-bellows assembly ilinganiswe nge-hydrostatic ngokwedizayini, uxinzelelo lwe-process fluid lusebenza kwidayamitha esebenzayo ye-bellows convolutions endaweni yokunyanzela inyathelo kwi-shaft okanye kwi-sleeve.

Iimpawu eziphambili zoyilo ziquka nokuzicoca. Njengoko iyunithi ye-bellows ijikeleza, amandla e-centrifugal akhupha izinto ezincinci kude ne-convolutions. Oku kuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma ebekuya kuthintela intshukumo ye-axial, indawo eqhelekileyo yokusilela kwiidizayini ze-pusher ezininzi. Uhlobo olungaguqukiyo lwesitywina sesibini—ngokuqhelekileyo i-gasket engaguqukiyo okanye i-Grafoil ring—kuthetha ukuba yonke indibano inokulandelela ukuguguleka kobuso okanye ukwanda kobushushu ngoko nangoko ngaphandle kokoyisa ukungqubana kwe-O-ring enamandla.

Zeziphi iimeko zokusebenza, izixhobo, kunye nokudibana kobuso okubalulekileyo

Ukucacisa ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo lwe-metallurgical kubalulekile kwinkonzo yokukhupha ukungcola, njengoko amaphetshana amancinci (adla ngokuba yi-0.10 ukuya kwi-0.15 mm ubukhulu) achaphazeleka kakhulu kuhlaselo olunokubola. Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo idla ngokusebenzisa intsimbi engagqwali ye-AM350, kodwa iindawo ezinoburhalarhume zifuna ii-alloys eziphambili. Kwiinkonzo zobushushu obuphezulu okanye ezinokubola kakhulu, i-Alloy 718 (Inconel) kunye ne-Alloy 276 (Hastelloy) zizinto eziphuculiweyo eziqhelekileyo. Iinhlanganisela zobuso zihlala zidibanisa i-Silicon Carbide ye-premium kunye ne-Carbon Graphite (yokuthambisa) okanye i-Tungsten Carbide (yokumelana nokurhawuzelelwa).

Zeziphi iindlela zokusilela kunye nemida yokusebenza ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

Nangona ziqinile, izitywina zentsimbi zinemida ethile yokusebenza ekufuneka iinjineli ziyihloniphe. Izitywina eziqhelekileyo ze-single-ply zihlala zilinganiswa kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusebenza oluyi-20 ukuya kwi-25 bar (300 ukuya kwi-360 psi). Xa kusetyenziswe ezi ngcinezelo, amaphecana amancinci asengozini yokugqwethwa okubangelwa luxinzelelo okanye "ukuxinana." Uyilo lwe-multi-ply lunokwandisa lo mda ukuya kwi-60+ bar, kodwa ngexabiso lokunyuka kokuqina kwentwasahlobo.

Iindlela zokusilela kwii-bellow seals zahlukile kakhulu kwii-pusher seals. Ukucheba okujiyileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba i-fluid viscosity iyakhula okanye ukuba ubuso be-seal buyoma kwaye bubophana, kujika amagqabi athambileyo adibeneyo. Ukuqhekeka kokudinwa yenye ingozi ukuba i-shaft ibonisa ukungcangcazela okukhulu kwe-radial. Okokugqibela, ngelixa ii-bellows zingavumi ukucolwa ngcono kunee-pusher seals, ukuqokelelwa okukhulu kwee-hydrocarbons eziqinileyo phakathi kwee-convolutions kunokwenza i-bellows iqine, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umphunga ucime kwi-oyile enzima.

Indlela Iintsimbi Zentsimbi Ezitywiniweyo Ezithelekiswa Ngayo Nezinye Iintlobo Zeentsimbi

Ukukhetha isitywina esifanelekileyo soomatshiniifuna uhlalutyo oluqatha lokuthelekisa indlela izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ezisabela ngayo kwizinto ezibangela uxinzelelo lwenkqubo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngelixa izitywini zentsimbi zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezinzima, ukuqonda indawo yazo echanekileyo yokhuphiswano ngokuchasene nezitywini ze-pusher kunye nezitywini ze-elastomeric kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukuthembeka kwezityalo kunye nokufezekisa imiyalelo yokukhupha umbane.

Zeziphi iindlela ezingcono zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwe-zero-emission

Ukuvavanya amandla esitywini kwinkonzo yokukhupha umbane ngaphandle kokukhupha umbane kuxhomekeke kwiikhrayitheriya ezintathu eziphambili: amazinga okuvuza aguqukayo, i-bandwidth yobushushu, kunye ne-MTBF yexesha elide (iXesha eliPhakathi phakathi kokusilela). Ukuvuza okuguqukayo kudla ngokubalwa ngee-milliliters ngeyure (ml/hr) kwizinto ezimanzi okanye iinxalenye ngesigidi (ppm) kwiigesi eziguquguqukayo. Ukuze ufanelekele inkonzo yokukhupha umbane ngaphandle kokukhupha umbane, isitywini kufuneka sibonise rhoqo ukuvuza okungaphantsi kwe-500 ppm phantsi kweenkqubo zovavanyo ze-API 682.

I-bandwidth yobushushu ilinganisa amandla obu buchwephesha okugcina umkhondo wobuso ngexesha lokutshintsha kobushushu ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwetywina lesibini. Okokugqibela, i-MTBF ivavanya ukusebenza okuzinzileyo; itywina eliyi-premium zero-emission kufuneka lisebenze ngokuthembekileyo ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-25,000 (malunga neminyaka emithathu) ngaphambi kokuba lifune ukulungiswa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko zenkqubo ezizinzileyo.

Indlela ii-metal bellow seals ezithelekiswa ngayo nee-pusher kunye nee-elastomer bellow seals

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zoyilo, izitywini zentsimbi ezisebenzisa i-metal bellows zithatha indawo ephezulu yenkonzo enzima. Izitywini ze-Pusher zisebenzisa ii-O-rings ezinamandla ekufuneka zityibilike ecaleni kwe-shaft ukuze zibuyisele ukuguguleka kobuso. Esi senzo sokutyibilika sibangela i-hysteresis—ukulibaziseka ekulandeleni ubuso—kwaye siphumela kwi-fretting, edibanisa i-shaft okanye i-sleeve ngokwasemzimbeni, ekugqibeleni idale indlela yesibini yokuvuza. Izitywini ze-elastomer ziyayisusa i-fretting kodwa zithintelwe ngokungqongqo kukuhambelana kweekhemikhali kunye nemida yobushushu yerabha (ehlala ingasebenzi ngaphezulu kwe-150°C).

Zeziphi Ezisebenzisa Ukwandisa Ukusebenza Kwesitywina Sentsimbi Yentsimbi

Ukufezekisa ukusebenza kwe-zero-emission akupheleli nje ekuthengeni i-metal bellows seal; kufuna ukuthotyelwa kobunjineli obuqinileyo, ukufakwa, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. Ukudibanisa ezi seal kwisakhelo esithembekileyo kakhulu kuqinisekisa ukuba iingenelo zethiyori zoyilo lwe-bellows ziyafezekiswa kwiimeko zokwenyani zentsimi.

Yeyiphi imigangatho kunye neemfuno zokuthobela imithetho ezisebenzayo

Umgangatho olawulayo wezitywino zoomatshini kwicandelo leoyile, igesi, kunye ne-petrochemical yi-API 682 (ISO 21049). Phantsi kwalo mgangatho, izitywino zesinyithi zihlelwa njengoHlobo B (ii-bellows ezijikelezayo) okanye uHlobo C (ii-bellows ezimileyo). Ukuze kuthotyelwe ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma kwiinkonzo ze-VOC ezinobungozi, abaqhubi badla ngokuchaza amalungiselelo esitywino esiphindwe kabini seCandelo 2 okanye uHlobo 3 (Ulungiselelo 2 okanye 3).

Ulungiselelo lwe-3, olusebenzisa ulwelo oluxinzelelweyo, luqinisekisa ukuba naluphi na ukuvuza kwiindawo eziphambili zesitywina luqulathe ulwelo olungenabungozi endaweni yendlela enobungozi yokusebenza. Ukuthobela imiyalelo yokusingqongileyo yengingqi, njengemigangatho ye-EPA's Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT), kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekusebenziseni ezi nkqubo ze-API 682 ezihambelanayo.

Ngawaphi amanyathelo okufakela kunye neenkcukacha athintela ukungaphumeleli kwangethuba

Ukungaphumeleli kwangaphambi kwexesha kwezitywino zentsimbi kuqhele ukulandelwa ziimpazamo zokufakelwa okanye iinkcukacha ezingaphelelanga. Ngenxa yokuba amaphecana entsimbi anobuthathaka kakhulu ekuguqulweni koomatshini, iingcali kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba ukujikeleziswa kweshaft akudluli kwi-0.05 mm (0.002 intshi) Ukufundwa kweSikhombisi esipheleleyo (TIR). Ukujikeleziswa okugqithisileyo kunyanzela intsimbi ukuba igobe kumaza aphezulu, okukhawulezisa ukudinwa kwesinyithi kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-weld.

Ngexesha lesigaba sokuchazwa, iinjineli kufuneka ziqwalasele indlela ezisebenza ngayo izinto xa zixinezelekile emoyeni. Kwii-hydrocarbons ezinzima ezikhupha i-oxidize okanye i-coke xa zichatshazelwe emoyeni, kubalulekile ukucacisa i-API Plan 62 steam quench. Ingubo yomphunga ithintela ukwakheka kweediphozithi ze-coke ezirhabaxa kwicala lomoya lamaphecana e-bellows, ebeziya kuthintela intshukumo ye-axial kwaye zibangele ukuvuza.

Indlela yokujonga imeko kunye nokugcinwa kwesicwangciso

Ukubeka iliso kwimeko eqhubekayo yintsika yokugqibela yokuthembeka kokungabikho kokukhupha umbane. Kwiiseal zentsimbi ezimbini, oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-API Plan 52 (i-tandem engacinezelwanga) okanye i-Plan 53 (i-pressurized double) ii-configurations zepayipi. Kwisetingi ye-Plan 53A, ulwelo lomqobo kufuneka lugcinwe kuxinzelelo lwe-1.5 ukuya kwi-2.0 bar (22 ukuya kwi-30 psi) ngaphezulu koxinzelelo lwegumbi lesitywina oluphezulu.

Abaqhubi kufuneka bajonge uxinzelelo lolwelo oluthintelayo kunye namanqanaba edama rhoqo. Ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lothintelo okanye ukuncipha ngokukhawuleza kolwelo oluthintelayo kubonisa ukuwohloka kobuso bokuqala okanye okwesibini. Ngokudibanisa ezi nkqubo zokujonga ulwelo kunye ne-DCS yezityalo (iiNkqubo zoLawulo eziSasazwayo),amaqela olondolozoinokutshintsha ukusuka ekulungisweni okungxamisekileyo okubangelwa kukusabela ukuya ekulungisweni kwangaphambili, itshintshe isitywino ngaphambi kokuba imida yokusingqongileyo iphulwe.

Indlela Abathengi Abafanele Bagqibe Ngayo Ukuba Bazisebenzise Nini Iintsimbi Zesinyithi

Ukutshintshela kwiiseal zentsimbi ezibengezelayo kubonisa ukuzibophelela okukhulu kwezemali kunye nobunjineli. Amaqela okuthenga kunye nokuthembeka kufuneka alandele inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo eziqikelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba utyalo-mali lokuqala oluphezulu luyafaneleka ngokweemfuno zesicelo kunye nembuyekezo yobomi obuphumayo.

Loluphi uluhlu lokuhlola olufanele lukhokele ukhetho

Ukuze kumiselwe inkqubo yokukhetha ngendlela esemgangathweni, amaqela obunjineli kufuneka asebenzise uluhlu lokuhlola olungqongqo lwesicelo. Kufuneka kugunyaziswe ukuba izicelo zihlangabezana nenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

1. Amaqondo obushushu okumpompa adlula ama-200°C (400°F) okanye ehla abe ngaphantsi kwama--40°C (-40°F).
2. Ulwelo lwenkqubo lunemida engqongqo yokukhupha i-VOC efuna ukuqulatha umoya ongaphantsi kwe-500 ppm.
3. Olu lwelo lunotyekelo oluphezulu lokupolima, ukukrwela, okanye ukukrwela xa luchatshazelwe emoyeni.
4. Iingxelo zembali zokugcinwa kwezixhobo zibonisa ukusilela rhoqo kwetywina lokutyhala ngenxa yokuxhonywa kwe-O-ring okanye ukuxinana kweshaft.

Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubandakanya amanzi acocekileyo, ashushu kancinci okanye ulwelo olungengobungozi olusebenza phantsi kwe-150°C kuxinzelelo oluphakathi, isitywini esiqhelekileyo sokutyhala okanye isitywini se-elastomer bellows sinokwanela. Nangona kunjalo, kuyo nayiphi na inkonzo echazwe njengeyingozi, ityhefu, okanye ishushu kakhulu, isitywini sentsimbi sentsimbi sikhetho olufanelekileyo ngobuchwephesha.

Indlela yokulinganisa ixabiso kwangaphambili ngokuthelekisa ixabiso lomjikelo wobomi

Iindleko zokuthenga kwangaphambili zesitywina sentsimbi esenziwe ngokupheleleyo zidla ngokuba phezulu nge-1.5x ukuya kwi-2.5x kunesitywina se-pusher esine-spring equivalent. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvavanya iteknoloji kuphela kwinkcitho yokuqala yemali akuyinaki impembelelo enkulu kwiTotal Cost of Ownership (TCO).

Ngokususa ngokupheleleyo i-shaft kunye ne-sleeve fretting, i-metal bellows seals igcina izibonelelo phakathi kwe-$2,000 kunye ne-$5,000 ngokulungiswa kwepompo nganye kwiindleko zokutshintsha izixhobo kunye noomatshini.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kunye nesizathu seMetal Bellows Seals
• Iinkcukacha, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko okufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele
• Amanyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso abafundi abanokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Kutheni ii-metal bellow seals zingcono kwiimpompo ezingenayo i-emission?

Zisusa i-O-ring enamandla, zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuvuza ngenxa yokuguguleka, ubushushu, kunye nokuxinana kwe-shaft. Oku kunceda izityalo zihlangabezane nemida yokukhupha i-VOC eqinileyo ngokuvala okuzinzileyo ixesha elide.

Zeziphi izicelo ezixhamla kakhulu kwiintsimbi zentsimbi?

Zisebenza kakuhle kwiinkonzo ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu, ezisebenzisa i-cryogenic, i-polymerizing, i-coking, kunye ne-solids apho izitywina ze-pusher ezisekelwe kwi-elastomer zihlala zingaphumeleli okanye zixhome.

Ngaba iVictor Seals ingabonelela ngeentsimbi zentsimbi ezihambelana ne-OEM?

Ewe. I-Victor Seals inikezela ngezitywino zentsimbi kunye nezinye izinto ezihambelana ne-OEM kwiimfuno ezininzi zokugcinwa kweepompo zoshishino, kuquka neemveliso eziphambili zeepompo.

Izitywini zentsimbi ezisebenzisa i-metal bellows ziphucula njani ukuthembeka xa zisebenza nzima?

Iintsimbi ezidityanisiweyo zibonelela ngamandla entwasahlobo kunye nokutywinwa kwesibini, ngoko ke akukho elastomer etyibilikayo yokunamathela, ukuqinisa, okanye ukuguguleka. Oku kuxhasa i-MTBF ende kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo kokutywina.

Yintoni ekufuneka abathengi bayijonge ngaphambi kokuba bakhethe isitywino sentsimbi?

Qinisekisa uhlobo lolwelo, uluhlu lobushushu, uxinzelelo, ubungakanani bomngxuma, izinto zobuso, kunye nesinyithi. Ukuze ufumane inkonzo enobungozi, qinisekisa iithagethi zokukhupha umbane kunye nokuhambelana kwemodeli yepompo nomthengisi wakho wesitywina.