Iimpawu Zesilumkiso Ngaphambi Kokuba Itywina Loomatshini Lingasebenzi Kwiimpompo Zemizi-mveliso

Kutheni Iimpawu Zesilumkiso Sezitywina Zasekuqaleni Zibalulekile?

Kwiinkqubo zokuphatha ulwelo kwimizi-mveliso, izitywino zoomatshini zisebenza njengomqobo oyintloko wokuthintela phakathi kweshaft ejikelezayo kunye nebhokisi yepompo engashukumiyo. Ukunyaniseka kwazo ekusebenzeni kulawula ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthobela okusingqongileyo kweyunithi yonke yokupompa. Kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana nokucubungula i-hydrocarbon, ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla, ukusebenza kwesitywino kulawulwa ziiparameter ezingqongqo, ezihlala zinamathela kwimigangatho efana ne-API 682, eyalela ubuncinci iiyure ezingama-25,000 zokusebenza okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokufuna ukulungiswa.

Nangona le migangatho yoyilo ingqongqo, izitywino zoomatshini zihlala ziphakathi kwezona ndawo zixhaphakileyo zokusilela kwiimpompo ze-centrifugal, zimalunga ne-65% ukuya kwi-70% yazo zonke iindlela zokungenelela zokugcina iimpompo. Ukuqonda iimpawu zokuqala zokuwohloka kwezitywino akusiyondlela ilungileyo yokugcina nje kuphela; ngumyalelo obalulekileyo wokusebenza. Ukungenelela ngaphambi kokuba isitywino siphule imida yaso yokusebenza kuthintela ukuphambuka okuncinci koomatshini ekubeni kukhule kube kukusilela kwezixhobo okubi.

Oko kwenziwa sisitywino soomatshini kwizixhobo zoshishino

Kwinqanaba elisisiseko,isitywino soomatshini sithintela ukuvuza kolwelongokugcina umsantsa olawulwa kakhulu nongabonakaliyo phakathi kweendawo ezimbini ezithe tyaba ngokungaqhelekanga: iringi eyintloko ejikelezayo kunye neringi yokudibana engashukumiyo. Ezi buso zidibene ngokunyamezela ukukhanya okuthe tyaba kweebhendi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3, okulingana nee-microinches ezili-11.6 ukuya kwi-17.4. Ifilimu encinci yolwelo—ngokuvamile ephakathi kwe-0.5 kunye ne-1.5 microns ubukhulu—ihamba phakathi kwezi buso ukuze inike ukuthambisa kunye nokupholisa okubalulekileyo.

Ngaphaya kobuso bokuqala bokutywina, indibano ixhomekeke kwizitywino zesibini ezingashukumiyo, ezifana neeringi ze-elastomeric O-rings okanye ii-wedges ze-graphite eziguquguqukayo, ukuthintela ukuvuza ecaleni kweshaft kunye ne-casing. Izinto zokulayisha ngoomatshini, kuqukaimithombo yekhoyili enye, izipringi ezininzi, okanye iintsimbi ezidityanisiweyo, zisebenzisa amandla ajikelezayo angaguqukiyo ukugcina ubuso besitywino buvaliwe ngexesha lotshintsho loxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo. Xa zidibene, ezi nxalenye kufuneka zilungelelanise ngokuguquguqukayo kwiintshukumo ze-axial ezincinci kunye ne-radial shaft ngelixa zisingatha uxinzelelo lolwelo olunokudlula i-1,000 PSI (69 bar) kwizicelo ezinzima.

Iingozi zokungawunaki umonakalo wetywina kwangethuba

Ukungazinaki izibonakaliso zokuqala zokuwohloka kwetywina kuzisa uxanduva olukhulu lokusebenza kunye nokusingqongileyo. Xa ifilimu yolwelo oluncinci iphuka okanye ubuso betywina bufumana umonakalo woomatshini, ukungqubana okubangelwayo kuvelisa ubushushu obukhulu bendawo. Oku kunyuka kobushushu kunokubangela ukuba izitywina zesibini ze-elastomeric ziqine, ziqhekeke, okanye ziphume, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngokukhawuleza kokuxinana. Kwizicelo ezisingatha iikhompawundi ze-organic eziguquguqukayo (ii-VOC), oku kuthetha ukukhutshwa okuyingozi okunokudlula ngokukhawuleza umda oqinileyo we-EPA we-500 ppm kwiingcoliseko ezibalekayo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukonakala kwetywina okungajongwanga kudla ngokungena kumonakalo wesibini woomatshini. Itywina elichaphazelekileyo livumela ulwelo lwenkqubo ukuba luhambe ecaleni kweshafti, lungcolise indlu yeebheringi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ungcoliseko lolwelo lwenkqubo oluphantsi njenge-0.002% kwioyile yokuthambisa yebheringi lunokunciphisa ubomi beebheringi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-48%. Ukuba ibheringi iyasilela, ukuphambuka kweshafti okubangelwayo kuya kutshabalalisa izinto ezisele zetywina, okunokonakalisa i-pump casing kunye ne-impeller, okwandisa ngokukhawuleza ububanzi bokulungiswa.

Indlela ukufunyanwa kwangethuba okunciphisa ngayo ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye neendleko

Ukufunyanwa kwangaphambili kokuguguleka kwetywina loomatshini kutshintsha ngokusisiseko iprofayili yezoqoqosho yokugcinwa kwepompo. Ukutshintsha itywina loomatshini ngokwesicwangciso kuvumela amaqela okuthenga ukuba afumane iinxalenye ngaphandle kokukhawulezisa iintlawulo kwaye kwenza imisebenzi itshintshele kwizixhobo ezimiyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwemveliso. Ukutshintshwa kwetywina lekhatriji elicwangcisiweyo lepompo yenkqubo ye-ANSI eqhelekileyo kudla ngokubiza iindleko ezithe ngqo ze-$1,500 ukuya kwi-$3,500 kwaye kufuna iiyure ezine ukuya kwezintandathu zomsebenzi.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, isiganeko esikhawulezileyo nesingenakuphumelela sibangela ukuvalwa kwezixhobo ngokukhawuleza, okubangela isohlwayo esikhulu semali. Kwinkqubo eqhubekayo ye-petrochemical, ukucima kwepompo okungacwangciswanga kunokubangela ukulahleka kweendleko zemveliso ukusuka kwi-$10,000 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-$100,000 ngeyure. Ngokusebenzisa ukufunyanwa kwangethuba, iinjineli zokuthembeka zinokutshintsha ukusuka ekucimeni umlilo okusebenzayo ukuya ekulungiseni kwangaphambili, ziphinde kabini i-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) kwaye zinciphise iindleko zokugcinwa kwezixhobo zobomi bonke ngama-30% ukuya kuma-40%.

Iimeko zeNkqubo ezikhokelela ekusilelekeni kweSeal

Izitywino zoomatshini azisoloko zisilela zodwa; ukuwohloka kwazo phantse luphawu lweemeko ezimbi zenkqubo okanye ukusilela kwenkqubo yoomatshini. Isitywino senzelwe ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwesiciko esithile soxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nemeko yolwelo. Xa inkqubo idlula kule mida yobunjineli, ibhalansi ethambileyo yefilimu yolwelo iyaphazamiseka, nto leyo ebangela ukuguguleka ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuqonda izinto ezithile ezibangela uxinzelelo lokusebenza ezihlasela izitywina zoomatshini linyathelo lokuqala ekuchongeni ukuguguleka kwangaphambi kwexesha. Iinjineli zokuthembeka kufuneka zihlale zijonga uzinzo lwe-hydraulic, ukwakheka kolwelo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa koomatshini ukuqinisekisa ukuba imeko-bume yesitywina ihlala ilungele ukusebenza ixesha elide.

Ukungazinzi koxinzelelo, ukusebenza okomileyo, kunye nokugabha

Ukungazinzi kwe-hydraulic yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umonakalo wobuso be-seal. Xa ipompo isebenza kude ne-Best Efficiency Point (BEP), ifumana amandla e-radial kunye ne-axial angalinganiyo abangela ukuphambuka kwe-shaft, okunyanzela ubuso be-seal ukuba buvuleke kwaye buvale ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba i-Net Positive Suction Head ekhoyo (NPSHa) iyawa ngaphantsi komda ofunekayo (NPSHr), i-cavitation iyenzeka. Ukuqhushumba kwamaqamza omphunga kuvelisa amaza othusayo aqhekeza ubuso be-carbon okanye be-silicon carbide seal.

Ukubaleka okomileyo kuyatshabalalisa ngokufanayo. Kwenzeka xa ipompo ilahlekelwa yiprime, okanye xa ulwelo lwenkqubo luphuma umphunga phakathi kobuso besitywino ngenxa yokungoneli koxinzelelo lomphunga. Ngaphandle kwefilimu yolwelo lokuthambisa, i-coefficient of friction spikes. Ubushushu bobuso bunokunyuka nge-150°C (300°F) kwimizuzwana engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60 yokubaleka okomileyo, okubangela ukujonga ubushushu—uthungelwano lwee-radial cracks ezincinci kubuso besitywino ezisebenza njengezixhobo zokusika ngokuchasene neringi echaseneyo.

Ulwelo olurhabaxa, olukhazimlayo, okanye olurhabaxa

Iimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali ze-pomped media zichaphazela kakhulu ubomi be-seal. Ii-slurry ezirhabaxa ezine-concentrations eqinileyo ezidlula i-10% ngobunzima zifuna imixube ekhethekileyo yobuso obuqinileyo, njenge-silicon carbide ngokuchasene ne-tungsten carbide, ukuze imelane nokugruzuka okurhabaxa. Ukuba ulwelo lune-solids ezinyibilikisiweyo ezikhazimlayo xa zidibana nomoya, ii-crystals ezivelayo zinokungena kwi-dynamic O-ring grooves, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-seal ixhome kwaye ithintele ii-springs ukuba zingavali ubuso be-seal.

Ulwelo oludlakadlaka luhlasela isinyithi sezinto ezitywiniweyo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ngendlela engalunganga kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-corrosion okanye uxinzelelo lwe-chloride kwi-316 stainless steel bellows okanye springs. Ngaphezu koko, ukungahambelani kweekhemikhali nee-elastomeric O-rings kunokubangela ukuba zidumbe ngama-20% ukuya kuma-30% omthamo wazo wokuqala, okanye ngokuchaseneyo, zinciphe kwaye ziqhekeke, zitshabalalise umqobo wesibini wokutywina.

Imiba yokufakelwa, ukulungelelaniswa, kunye nokuthambisa

Nokuba zezona ziqinileyoisitywino soomatshini siya kusilela ngaphambi kwexeshaukuba ifakwe kwizixhobo ezichaphazelekileyo ngokwesakhiwo. Izikhokelo ze-API 682 ziyalela ukuba ukujikeleziswa kweshaft yeradial akufuneki kudlule kwi-0.002 intshi (0.05 mm) Ukufundwa kweSibonakaliso esipheleleyo (TIR) ​​kwigumbi lokutywina. Ukujikeleziswa okugqithisileyo, okuhlala kubangelwa ziishaft ezigobileyo okanye iibheringi ezonakalileyo, kunyanzela izinto zesitywina ukuba zijikeleze ngokuguquguqukayo ngokujikeleza ngakunye, okukhokelela ekuphelelweni kokudinwa kwentsimbi okanye izipringi.

Uxinzelelo lombhobho lolunye uxanduva olufihlakeleyo. Xa ukufunxa okanye ukukhutshelwa kwepayipi enzima kufakwe kwiiflange zepompo ngaphandle kokuxhaswa ngokufanelekileyo, uxinzelelo loomatshini luphazamisa isingxobo sepompo. Oku kugqwetheka kulungelelanisa igumbi lesitywino xa kuthelekiswa nomngxuma ojikelezayo. Ukongeza, ukuthambisa okunganelanga kweebheringi zepompo kwandisa ukungcangcazela koomatshini, okudluliselwa ngqo kwiindawo zesitywino, okukhawulezisa ukuguguleka kunye nokuqhekeka.

Iimpawu Ezibonakalayo Zokonakala Kwesitywina

Ngenxa yokuba izitywino zoomatshini zivaliwe ngaphakathi kwendlu yepompo, abaqhubi abanakukwazi ukujonga ubuso bokuvala ngamehlo ngexesha lokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, ukonakala kwezinto zangaphakathi kuvelisa iimpawu zangaphandle ngokuthembekileyo. Ngokuseka iziseko ezichanekileyo zokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, amaqela okulungisa anokuchonga iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezingabonakaliyo zokuguguleka kwesitywino kudala ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwaphuka ngokupheleleyo.

Ukubeka esweni ezi mpawu zibonakalayo kufuna indibaniselwano yemijikelezo eqhelekileyo yomqhubi, idatha ye-sensor ezenzekelayo, kunye nokuqonda okucacileyo kwemida yokusebenza eyamkelekileyo. Utshintsho kumazinga okuvuza, iimpawu ze-acoustic, kunye nokuziphatha kwenkqubo encedisayo kusebenza njengezona zibonakaliso ziphambili zokungaphumeleli okuzayo.

Ukuvuza okungaphaya kokulila okuqhelekileyo kwesitywina

Yingcamango engaqhelekanga ukuba izitywino zoomatshini azivuzi nto. Ukuze kugcinwe ifilimu yolwelo oluthambisayo, ulwelo oluncinci kufuneka luwele ubuso besitywino. Kwisitywino esisempilweni, olu lwelo ludla ngokuba ngumphunga xa lufikelela kwicala lomoya, nto leyo ebangela ukuvuza okungabonakaliyo (ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphantsi kwe-3 grams ngeyure kwiihydrocarbons ezikhanyayo). Ulwelo olubonakalayo oluphuma kwi-seal gland luphawu olubomvu olukhawulezileyo.

Xa kuvavanywa ukuvuza, abaqhubi kufuneka balinganise izinga ukuze babone ubunzulu bokuwohloka. Utshintsho oluvela kwi-gland eyomileyo ukuya ekulileni kancinci (ithontsi eli-1 ukuya kweli-5 ngomzuzu) lubonisa umonakalo wokuqala wobuso okanye ukuwohloka kwe-O-ring. Ukuthontsiza okuqhubekekayo okanye umsinga oqhubekayo kubonisa ukulahleka ngokupheleleyo kokunxibelelana kobuso okanye ukuqhekeka kwetywina lesibini.

Utshintsho lokungcangcazela, ingxolo, ubushushu, kunye nokutsalwa kwamandla

Ukungahambi kakuhle koomatshini ebusweni besitywini kudla ngokutshintsha iimpawu ze-acoustic kunye ne-vibratory zepompo. Ingxolo ephezulu yokukhwaza okanye "ukuvela" okuvela kwigumbi lesitywini ibonisa kakhulu ukufuma kolwelo okanye ukusebenza okomileyo. Njengoko ubuso besitywini bukhuhla ngaphandle kokuthambisa okwaneleyo, ukwanda kokukhuhlana kunyanzela imoto yombane ukuba itsale amandla amaninzi. Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwe-5% ukuya kwi-10% kwi-amperage yemoto, kungekho naluphi na utshintsho kwiimfuno zokuhamba okanye zentloko, kudla ngokubonisa ukukhuhlana okukhulu kobuso besitywini.

Uhlalutyo lokungcangcazela lubonelela ngomfanekiso ocacileyo nangakumbi. Ngelixa ukungcangcazela okuphantsi (isantya sokubaleka esingu-1X okanye sesi-2X) kudla ngokubonisa ukungalungelelani okanye ukungalungelelani, umonakalo wobuso besitywini uvelisa ukukhutshwa kwe-acoustic okuphindaphindekayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukungqubana okugqithisileyo kuvelisa ubushushu. Ukuba iiskeni ze-thermographic zibonisa ukuba ubushushu be-seal gland buhlala buphakathi kwe-15°C ukuya kwi-20°C (27°F ukuya kwi-36°F) ngaphezulu kune-pump casing ejikelezileyo, ifilimu yolwelo isenokungasebenzi, kwaye ubuso budibene ngqo noomatshini.

Ukuhlanjwa, ukucinywa, ulwelo oluthintelayo, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwembiza yokutywina

Ngokubaizitywino ezimbini zoomatshini, iinkqubo zolwelo oluncedisayo lokufunxa, lokucima, okanye lolwelo oluthintelayo (umz., ii-API Plans 52, 53A/B/C, okanye 54) zisebenza njengenkqubo yokuxhasa ubomi kunye nefestile ephambili yokuxilonga. Kwinkqubo yolwelo oluthintelayo lwe-API Plan 53A, ulwelo oluthintelayo lugcinwa kuxinzelelo oluyi-1.5 ukuya kwi-2.0 bar (22 ukuya kwi-29 PSI) oluphezulu kunoxinzelelo lwegumbi lokutywina. Inkqubo ephilileyo inokulahlekelwa ngumzuzu omnye wolwelo oluthintelayo kwinyanga.

Ukuba abaqhubi kufuneka bazalise imbiza yokutywina rhoqo ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye ngeveki, okanye ukuba inkqubo ifumana ukuhla koxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwe-0.5 bar (7.2 PSI) kwixesha leeyure ezingama-24, ubuso bentsimbi yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle busengozini. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kwinkqubo ye-API Plan 52 engacinezelwanga, ukunyuka ngequbuliso kwinqanaba lolwelo lwembiza yokutywina okanye ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba loxinzelelo lwembiza kubonisa ukuba intsimbi yangaphakathi ayiphumelelanga, okuvumela ulwelo lwenkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuba luzalise inkqubo ye-buffer.

Indlela Yokuchonga Iimpawu Zesilumkiso

Nje ukuba uphawu lwesilumkiso lufunyenwe, amaqela olondolozo kunye nokuthembeka kufuneka atshintshe ukusuka ekuqapheleni ukuya ekuxilongweni. Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kuthintela impazamo eqhelekileyo yokutshintsha isitywina esingaphumelelanga ngaphandle kokujongana nengxaki esisiseko yenkqubo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphindeni kokusilela.

Ukuchaneka kokuxilongwa kuxhomekeke ekudibaniseni iimpawu zomzimba nedatha yenkqubo kunye neerekhodi zokugcinwa kwembali. Ngokudibanisa la manqaku edatha kunxantathu, iinjineli zinokwahlula ukuba unobangela oyintloko ngumatshini, usebenza, okanye ukhemikhali.

Xhathisa iimpawu nezizathu ezinokubakho

Inyathelo lokuqala ekuxilongeni kukuchonga iimpawu zomzimba ezibonwayo kwiindlela zazo zokungaphumeleli ezinokwenzeka. Olu hlalutyo olunengqiqo luvumela amaqela ukuba alungiselele izinto ezichanekileyo zokutshintsha kwaye ajongane nemiba yenkqubo encedisayo ngaphambi kokuba ipompo ingasebenzi. Umzekelo, ukuba isitywini siyavuza kwaye sishiya ingqokelela enkulu yothuli olumnyama olucolekileyo olujikeleze i-gland, ukuxilongwa okuphambili kukuhamba komile kakhulu kobuso bekhabhoni.

Ngokufanayo, ukuba isitywini sibonisa ukuvuza okukhulu okwethutyana okuzilungisa okwethutyana, unobangela onokwenzeka kukuba i-O-ring ixhonywe ngenxa yokuxinana okanye ukuqhekeka, endaweni yokuba ubuso besitywini buqhekeke.

Sebenzisa idatha yokungcangcazela, i-thermography, kunye nenkqubo yendlela yokusebenza

Iitekhnoloji zokujonga imeko eziphambili zibonelela ngedatha yobungakanani efunekayo ukuqinisekisa iingcamango zokuxilonga. Ugqubuthelo lokungcangcazela oluphezulu, olufana netekhnoloji yePeakVue, lunokwahlula amaza athile oxinzelelo aveliswa kukuthinta ubuso be-microscopic seal, luwahlukanise nengxolo yepompo yangasemva. Oku kuvumela abahlalutyi ukuba babone ukuqhekeka kobuso kwiiveki ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukuvuza kwe-volumetric.

I-infrared (IR) thermography ixabiseke ngokulinganayo. Ngokumapha i-thermal gradient kwi-seal gland kunye ne-flush piping, iingcali zinokuqinisekisa ukuba isicwangciso se-API flush siyasebenza na. Umzekelo, kwi-API Plan 11 (discharge bypass to seal), ukuba ubushushu bomgca we-flush bufana nomoya ongqongileyo kunokuba bube yi-process fluid, i-orifice isenokuba ivaliwe, nto leyo ethintela ukuhamba kokupholisa kwaye iqinisekisa unobangela wobushushu obuphezulu.

Hlaziya iirekhodi zokuhlola kunye nokugcinwa

Ukuchaneka kokuxilongwa kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumxholo wembali. Iinjineli zokuthembeka kufuneka ziphonononge iNkqubo yoLawulo loLondolozo lweKhompyutha (i-CMMS) ukuze ihlole i-MTBF kunye neendlela zokusilela zangaphambili zesixhobo esithile. Ukuba ipompo ifunaisitywino esitsha soomatshiniqho emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, kwaye iingxelo zokudilizwa zihlala zikhankanya "ii-O-rings ezikhutshiweyo," ukuxilongwa kuyatshintsha ukusuka kwingxaki yokulungelelaniswa koomatshini ukuya kwinkcazo yezinto ezingalunganga (umz., ukusebenzisa iViton kwisicelo somphunga oshushu kakhulu endaweni yeKalrez).

Ukuphonononga idatha yendlela yokusebenza evela kwiinkqubo ze-SCADA okanye ze-DCS ngexesha kanye ezivele ngalo iimpawu zokuqala nako kubalulekile. Rhoqo, ukusilela kwetywina kunokulandelwa emva ekuphazamisekeni okuthile kokusebenza, njengokulahlekelwa ngesiquphe koxinzelelo lokufunxa, ukunyuka kobushushu ngokukhawuleza, okanye ixesha apho ipompo yayisebenza ngokuchasene nevalvu yokukhupha evaliweyo. Ukuchonga ezi ngxaki zenkqubo kuqinisekisa ukuba ukusilela kwetywina kubangelwe yimpazamo yokusebenza endaweni yesiphene secandelo.

Indlela Yokwenza Izigqibo Zamaqela Olondolozo

Xa iimpawu zesilumkiso ziqinisekisiwe, ubunkokeli bolondolozo kufuneka benze impendulo ebaliweyo. Inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo kufuneka ilinganisele isidingo esikhawulezileyo sokugcina imveliso kunye nomngcipheko wokonakala kwezixhobo okubi kunye nokungathobeli imimiselo yokusingqongileyo.

Ukuseka indlela yokwenza izigqibo esemthethweni kuqinisekisa ukuba amanyathelo okungenelela afike ngexesha, akhuselekile, kwaye afanelekile ngokwezoqoqosho. Le ndlela iyalela imizamo yokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza, ivavanya ukulungiswa ngokuchasene noqoqosho lokutshintsha, kwaye iyalela uhlalutyo emva kokusilela ukuqhuba uphuculo oluqhubekayo.

Impendulo yokuqala xa kuvela iimpawu zesilumkiso

Impendulo yokuqala echanekileyo kwisilumkiso sesitywina soomatshini kukuthintela nokuqinisekisa. Ukuba ukuvuza kudlula umda wokulila okungaqhelekanga, abaqhubi kufuneka baqinisekise ngoko nangoko ukuba iinkqubo zesitywina zokufunxa, zokucima, okanye zokuthintela ziyasebenza kwaye zivaliwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukubuyisela umgca wokufunxa we-API Plan 11 ovaliweyo okanye ukukhupha umoya ovalelekileyo kwigumbi lesitywina kunokuzinzisa isitywina esiphazamisekileyo ngamanye amaxesha kwaye kulibazise ukungaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo.

Kwangaxeshanye, imisebenzi kufuneka ivavanye iingozi zokusingqongileyo nezokhuseleko. Ukuba ulwelo luyikhemikhali enobungozi okanye etshayo, kwaye ukuvuza kudlula imida yemithetho yendawo (umz., >500 ppm VOC), indlela yokugqiba ayiguquki: ipompo kufuneka yahlulwe kwaye itshintshelwe kwiyunithi yokulinda ngoko nangoko. Ukuba ulwelo alunabungozi (umz., amanzi okupholisa) kwaye ukuvuza kuncinci, iqela linokukhetha ukwandisa amaxesha okubeka esweni ukuya kwimihla ngemihla okanye ngokweenguqu ngelixa libeka iindawo zokutshintshwa.

Ixesha lokulungisa, ukulungisa, okanye ukutshintsha isitywini

Nje ukuba ipompo ingasebenzi, iqela lokulungisa lijongene nesigqibo sokulungisa okanye sokutshintsha.Itywina zoomatshini zeCartridgezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukuba isitywino sitsalwa kwangethuba ngokwaneleyo—ngaphambi kokuba ubuso bube nemiqolo enzulu okanye izinto zesinyithi zijijeke ngobushushu—isitywino sinokuthunyelwa kwiziko eliqinisekisiweyo ukuze sihlaziywe. Ukuhlaziywa kudla ngokubandakanya ukucocwa kwe-ultrasonic, ukutshintsha ii-O-rings kunye nezipringi ze-elastomeric, kunye nokubuyisela ubuso be-silicon carbide okanye be-carbon kwi-flatness efunekayo ye-2-light-band flatness.

Umlinganiselo weendleko-inzuzo osemgangathweni weshishini uthi ukuba iindleko zokulungisa isitywino zingaphantsi kwama-60% eendleko zekhatriji entsha, ukulungiswa lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwezoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imiqondiso yesilumkiso sasekuqaleni ayikhathalelwanga kwaye isitywino sifumene isiganeko esibi sokusebenza okomileyo, imingxuma yesinyithi okanye isingxobo sekhatriji sinokulinganiswa okanye sigobe. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iindleko zokulungisa zidlula ngokulula umda wama-60%, kwaye ukutshintshwa okupheleleyo kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka.

Indlela yokuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwakhona kwesitywino

Inyathelo lokugqibela kwindlela yokwenza isigqibo kukuthintela ukuphinda kwenzeke. Ukutshintsha isitywina esingaphumelelanga ngaphandle kokwenza iRoot Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA) kuqinisekisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwixesha elizayo. Ubungqina obubonakalayo obukwiimbonakalo zesitywina esingaphumelelanga—njengokujonga ubushushu, ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali, okanye ukukrazula okurhabaxa—kufuneka bulawule uphuculo olucwangcisiweyo.

Ukuba i-RCFA ityhila ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu abangele ukusilela, iqela kufuneka liphucule indlela yokucoca, mhlawumbi litshintshele kwiSicwangciso 11 liye kwiSicwangciso se-API 23, esisebenzisa iringi yokumpompa kunye nesixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu ukupholisa ulwelo ngaphakathi kwigumbi lokutywina. Ukuba ukuguguleka okurhabaxa yimbangela, ukuphucula isinyithi sobuso okanye ukufaka isahluli senkanyamba (iSicwangciso se-API 31) ukususa izinto eziqinileyo kulwelo lokucoca kuya kutshintsha ngokusisigxina i-curve yokusilela, iguqule idatha yesilumkiso sasekuqaleni ibe kukuthembeka koomatshini bexesha elide.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Ukulandelela ukuvuza, ukungcangcazela, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye notsalo lwamandla ngokuchasene nesiseko esaziwayo ukuze kuchongwe utshintsho oluncinci lwesitywina ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukungasebenzi kakuhle.
• Hlola izitywino zoomatshini ngokukhawuleza xa ukuvuza kutshintsha ukusuka kumphunga ongaphantsi ukuya ekuthontsizeni, ekutshizeni, entsalela ekristalekileyo, okanye ekuqokeleleni kolwelo olubonakalayo.
• Khusela ukuthembeka kweebheringi ngokujongana nokuvuza kwetywina kwangethuba, kuba nokuba ungcoliseko oluphantsi kakhulu lwenkqubo-ulwelo kwioyile yokuthambisa lunokunciphisa kakhulu ubomi beebheringi.
• Qinisekisa ukufakwa, ukulungelelaniswa, ukuhlanjwa, kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto nanini na xa isitywino sitshintshwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukungaphumeleli okuphindaphindiweyo okuvela kwisizathu esifanayo.
• Sebenzisa uyilo olufanelekileyo lwesitywino—njengesipringi esinye, i-elastomer bellow, i-cartridge, okanye isitywino esiphindwe kabini—ngokusekwe kumsebenzi wepompo, iimpawu zolwelo, uxinzelelo, kunye nendawo yokusebenza.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwetywina loomatshini kwimpompo?

Iimpawu zokuqala eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuvuza okubonakalayo, ukunyuka kobushushu begumbi lesitywino, ukungcangcazela okungaqhelekanga, ingxolo engaqhelekanga, ukungazinzi koxinzelelo, ukwanda kwamandla okutsalwa, kunye nongcoliseko kwioyile yokuthwala. Naluphi na utshintsho oluphindaphindayo oluvela kwisiseko esiqhelekileyo sepompo kufuneka luphandwe ngaphambi kokuba ubuso besitywino okanye izitywino zesibini zonakaliswe.

Kungakanani ukuvuza okuqhelekileyo okuvela kwisitywina soomatshini?

Itywina loomatshini lixhomekeke kwifilimu yokuthambisa enemicroscope, ngoko ke umphunga omncinci kakhulu okanye ukuvuza okuncinci kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvuza, ukutshiza, iidiphozithi ezinyibilikisiweyo, okanye ukwanda ngequbuliso kokuvuza kubonisa ukuba itywina alisasebenzi kwimeko yalo ebekiweyo.

Kutheni le nto izitywino zoomatshini zisilela rhoqo kwiimpompo zoshishino?

Izitywino zoomatshini zisebenza kwindawo ejikelezileyo, uxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nekhemikhali yolwelo. Ukungalingani kakuhle, ukusebenza okomileyo, ukungcangcazela, ukufakwa kakubi, izinto zokutywina ezingalunganga, okanye utshintsho lwenkqubo kunokuphazamisa ifilimu encinci yolwelo kwaye konakalise ubuso bokutywina, okwenza izitywino zibe yinto yokulungisa impompo rhoqo.

Ngaba ukungcangcazela kungalumkisa ngeengxaki zokutywinwa koomatshini?

Ewe. Ukwanda kokungcangcazela kunokubonisa ukuphambuka kwe-shaft, ukuguguleka kweebheringi, ukucavita, ukungalungelelani kakuhle, okanye ukungazinzi kobuso be-seal. Ngenxa yokuba ezi meko zingonakalisa ngokukhawuleza ubuso be-seal ejikelezayo nengashukumiyo, iindlela zokungcangcazela kufuneka zijongwe ngokubhekiselele kwidatha eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kwepompo.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba isitywino somatshini esivuzayo asihoywa?

Ukuvuza okuncinci kunokukhula kube kukushisa kakhulu, ukuqina kwe-elastomer, ukungcola kweoyile, umonakalo we-shaft, kunye nokulahleka kokugcinwa kwenkqubo. Kwiinkonzo ezinobungozi, ukungawunaki ukuvuza kunokudala iingozi zokhuseleko, okusingqongileyo, kunye nolawulo.