Kutheni iTywina elitsha loomatshini lisilela kwangoko emva kokufakwa?

Kutheni iTywina elitsha loMatshini linokungaphumeleli kwangoko emva kokufakwa

Xaisitywino soomatshini esisandula ukufakwaxa ipompo iqalisa ukusebenza okanye kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-48, esi siganeko sichazwa njengokusilela kokufa kweentsana. Phantsi kweendlela zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni ezihambelana nezikhokelo ze-API 682, isitywina somatshini esichazwe kakuhle nesifakelweyo kulindeleke ukuba sifikelele kwiXesha Eliphakathi Phakathi Kokusilela (MTBF) ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezingama-36. Ukunciphisa lo mjikelo wobomi ukuya kwiiyure ze-zero kubonisa ukonakala okubalulekileyo kwiiprotokholi zokufakela, iinkcukacha zenkqubo, okanye iinkqubo zangaphambi kokugunyaziswa.

Ukusilela kwangoko akusoloko kubonisa ukuguguleka kwendalo; endaweni yoko, kusebenza njengophawu lokuxilonga lokungahambi kakuhle, ukoma kokusebenza, okanye ukungahambelani okukhulu kweekhemikhali. Ukuqonda izizathu ezibangela oku kusilela kwangoko kubaluleke kakhulu kwiinjineli zokuthembeka, njengoko ukuphinda ufakelo ngaphandle kokujongana nomba osisiseko wenkqubo kuya kubangela iziphumo ezifanayo ezimbi.

Iingozi zorhwebo zokusilela kweSeal ngoko nangoko

Iimpembelelo zemali zokusilela kokutywinwa koomatshini zidlula kakhulu iindleko zokuthenga icandelo lokutshintsha. Kwimizi-mveliso eqhubekayo efana nokucocwa kwe-hydrocarbon okanye ukuvelisa iikhemikhali, ixesha lokungasebenzi kwepompo elingacwangciswanga linokubangela ilahleko enkulu kwimveliso. Xa ipompo entsha eqaliswe kufuneka isuswe kwi-intanethi emva kokutshintshwa, ukuphazamiseka kudlula yonke ishedyuli yemveliso.

Ngaphezu koko, ukusilela kokutywina kwangoko kudla ngokukhokelela ekukhutshweni ngequbuliso kolwelo lwenkqubo. Ukuba i-medium epompelweyo iyingozi, iyatshintshatshintsha, okanye inetyhefu, izakhiwo zijongene nezohlwayo ezingqongqo zomthetho. Umzekelo, imithetho yokusingqongileyo malunga neeVolatile Organic Compounds (ii-VOC) idla ngokuyalela imida engqongqo yokukhupha umbane; ukungaphumeleli kokutywina okukhupha ii-VOC ezigqitha imiqathango ethile yomthetho kubangela ingxelo enyanzelekileyo, amanyathelo okulungisa ngokukhawuleza, kunye neentlawulo ezinokubakho, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko worhwebo.

Kutheni Ukuvuza Kwangethuba Kufanele Kuthathwe Ngononophelo

Ukuphatha ukuvuza kwangethuba njengento encinci ephazamisayo endaweni ye-alamu ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yimpazamo eqhelekileyo yokusebenza. Nangona ukulila okuncinci kunokubakho ngamanye amaxesha ngexesha lokungena kokuqala kobuso besitywino, ukuvuza okukhawulezileyo, okuzinzileyo okanye isitshizi kubonisa ukuba i-primary sealing interface yonakele okanye i-elastomer yesibini eyonakeleyo. Ukungayinaki le nto yokuvuza kuyayibeka emngciphekweni ingqibelelo yendibano yonke ejikelezayo.

Ulwelo lwenkqubo oluphuma kwibhokisi yokuzalisa xa uxinzelelo lwenkqubo lunokwenza i-atomize, ludale imozulu eqhumayo okanye amafu anomphunga anobuthi. Ukongeza, ulwelo lwenkqubo oluvuzayo ecaleni kweshaft luya kungena ngokukhawuleza kwigumbi leebheringi. Ungcoliseko lweoyile yokuthambisa ethwala ngamanzi alinganayo okanye ulwelo lwenkqubo olubolayo lunokunciphisa kakhulu ubomi bebheringi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusileleni okubi kakhulu kwezixhobo zangaphakathi zepompo.

Oko Kuthethwa Kukuba Ukusilela Kwesitywina Soomatshini Kuthetha Ukuthini

Ukuchonga ukusilela kwetywina loomatshini kwangoko kufuna ukucacisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela ukusilela ngokuchasene nemeko yokusebenza elindelekileyo. Imigangatho yeshishini iyaqonda ukuba itywina loomatshini lenzelwe ukuvuza ngemicroscope ukugcina ifilimu emanzi phakathi kobuso obujikelezayo nobumileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwahlula phakathi kokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo kokugunyaziswa kunye nomda wetywina ochaphazelekileyo linyathelo lokuqala ekusombululeni iingxaki ngempumelelo.

Ukulila Okuqhelekileyo Kokuyalela vs. Ukusilela Kwenene

Ngexesha lokuqala kokuqalisa kwepompo, ubuso bekhabhoni kunye ne-silicon carbide (okanye i-tungsten carbide) betywino loomatshini budlula ixesha elifutshane lokuqhawula okanye lokungena. Yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba itywino elitsha elifakweyo libonise ukulila okuncinci—ngokuqhelekileyo kuchazwa njengamathontsi ambalwa ngomzuzu. Olu kulahla kufuneka lunciphe kancinci kwaye luyeke ngokupheleleyo kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48 njengoko ubuso buhambelana.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukusilela okukhawulezileyo kuvela njengomjelo oqhubekayo, ukutshiza okukhulu, okanye izinga lokuvuza elingaphezulu kolindelo oluqhelekileyo lokungena. Ukuba ukuvuza akunciphanga emva kokuba ipompo ifikelele kubushushu bayo obuqhelekileyo bokusebenza, okanye ukuba umthamo wolwelo ugqitha umngxuma womsele, isitywino sichaphazeleka kakhulu.

Izinto eziphambili zokutywina kunye neendawo zokuvuza ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

Xa behlola isitywino esingasebenziyo, iingcali kufuneka zihlukanise indlela ethile yokuvuza.Isitywino soomatshini sineempawu ezininziiindawo zokusilela ezinokubakho, ezahlulwe ngokwezinto zokuvala eziphambili nezesibini. Indawo yokuvuza ephambili yindlela etshintshatshintshayo phakathi kobuso obujikelezayo nobumileyo. Ukuba obu buso buqhekeziwe, bujijekile ngobushushu, okanye bubanjwe buvulelekile zizinto ezincinci, ukuvuza okukhulu kuya kwenzeka ngokuthe ngqo ecaleni kweshaft.

Amanqaku okuvuza kwesibini aquka izinto ezithambileyo, ikakhulu ii-O-rings okanye ii-wedges eziguquguqukayo. Ii-Dynamic O-rings zifuna izinga elichanekileyo lokucinezelwa ukuze kugcinwe itywina ngelixa kuvumela indlela yentwasahlobo ukuba iqhubele phambili ubuso betywina. Ukuba i-O-ring icinezelwe ngexesha lokufakwa, ikhutshiwe ngenxa yoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, okanye yonakele ngokweekhemikhali, ulwelo luya kudlula ubuso bokuqala ngokupheleleyo. Ukongeza, i-gland gasket—itywina elingashukumiyo phakathi kwe-seal gland kunye ne-pump casing—kufuneka ihlolwe ukuba ayihlali kakuhle okanye i-bolt torque enganeleyo.

Iimeko Zokusebenza Zokubhala Phambi Kokusombulula Iingxaki

Ngaphambi kokuba bahlukanise ipompo ukuze bahlole isitywino esingasebenziyo, amaqela okuthembeka kufuneka abhale phantsi iimeko zokusebenza ezichanekileyo ezikhoyo ngexesha lokungasebenzi. Uhlalutyo lwe-post-mortem luhlala luthintelwa kukungabikho kwedatha esisiseko. Abaqhubi kufuneka babhale phantsi uxinzelelo lokufunxa, uxinzelelo lokukhupha, kunye nobunzima obuthile bolwelo ngexesha lokuqalisa.

Umahluko wobushushu ubaluleke kakhulu. Ubushushu bolwelo lwenkqubo olungena kwimpompo, ubushushu bolwelo lokutywina, kunye nobushushu obuphakathi kwebhokisi yokuzalisa kufuneka kubhalwe phantsi. Umahluko omkhulu wobushushu phakathi kolwelo lwenkqubo kunye nobushushu bokunyibilika obulindelekileyo bunokubonisa ukungabikho kokuhamba kokupholisa, okukhokelela ekuphumeni kolwelo ngoko nangoko kunye nokusebenza okomileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukubhala i-RPM echanekileyo kunye nayo nayiphi na idatha yokungcangcazela erekhodiweyo kuya kunceda ekumiseleni ukuba ukuphambuka okukhulu kweshaft kube negalelo ekungaphumelelini.

Iimpazamo zoFakelo ezibangela ukusilela kweSeal kwangethuba

Uhlalutyo lwezibalo zokusilela kwezixhobo ezijikelezayo lubonisa ukuba iimpazamo zabantu kunye nokufakelwa okungafanelekanga kubangela ipesenti enkulu yeemeko zokufa kweentsana kwizitywina zoomatshini. Nezisombululo zokutywina ezichazwe kakhulu, ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziya kusilela ngoko nangoko ukuba ukunyamezelana koomatshini kwepompo akungqinisiswanga okanye ukuba iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokufakela zigqithwa ngabasebenzi bokulungisa.

Ubude bokuSeta obungachanekanga, ukuHamba kweShaft, kunye nokuHluthwa kwePipe

Isitywino soomatshini sixhomekekeuzinzo oluchanekileyo lomlinganiselo we-shaft yepompo. Ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe naluphi na uphawu, i-shaft kufuneka ihlolwe ukuba ayisebenzi, ayisebenzi kakuhle, kwaye ayisebenzi kakuhle. Iindlela ezilungileyo zoshishino (ezifana ne-API 610) ziyalela ukuba kusetyenziswe ukunyamezelana okungqongqo kwi-Total Indicator Reading (TIR) ​​malunga nokujikeleza kwe-shaft radial kunye nokudlala kokugqibela kwe-shaft axial. Ukuba uphawu lufakwe kwi-shaft edlula la manqanaba okunyamezelana, ubuso obuguqukayo abuyi kukwazi ukulandelela ubuso obumileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-seal gap ivuleke ngoko nangoko.

Ubude bokuseta obungalunganga ngomnye unobangela oyintloko wokusilela kwetywina lecandelo. Ukuba itywina libekwe ngasemva kakhulu, izipringi aziyi kuba noxinzelelo olufunekayo ukugcina ubuso buvaliwe phantsi koxinzelelo lolwelo oluguquguqukayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba icinezelwe kakhulu, ifilimu yolwelo iyacinezelwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kokungqubana kwangoko. Ngaphezu koko, uxinzelelo lwepayipi—olubangelwa kukunyanzela iiflange zepayipi ezingalungelelaniswanga kakuhle kwiimpumlo zepompo—lunokuphazamisa i-casing yepompo. Oku kugqwethwa kulungelelanisa ibhokisi yokuzalisa xa kuthelekiswa neshaft, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubuso betywina busebenze ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye bungaphumeleli xa kuqaliswa.

Ukuphuma komoya owomileyo, Umoya ongcolileyo, kunye nokuthambisa okunganelanga

Ubuso betywina boomatshini benzelwe ukuba busebenze kwifilimu encinci yolwelo, ngokuqhelekileyo bulinganiswa ngamaqhezu e-micron ngobukhulu. Ukuba ipompo iqaliswa ngaphandle kokukhupha umoya ngokufanelekileyo kwibhokisi yokuzalisa, umoya okanye umphunga ubambeka ebusweni betywina. Le meko, eyaziwa ngokuba kukusebenza okomileyo, iyintlekele.

Ngaphandle kweempawu zokuthambisa nezokupholisa zenkqubo yolwelo, ukungqubana phakathi kobuso be-silicon carbide ejikelezayo kunye nobuso be-carbon obungashukumiyo kuya kuvelisa ubushushu obukhulu. Ubushushu bobuso bunokunyuka ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokusebenza okomileyo. Olu xinzelelo lobushushu lubangela ukuba ubuso bujonge ubushushu (buvelise imifantu emincinci), bube namadyungudyungu, okanye buqhekeke ngokupheleleyo. Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokungenisa umoya, kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweevalvu zomoya kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imigca yokucoca itywiniwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba imoto isebenze, ziimfuneko ezingenakuphikiswana ngazo ukuze kuphunyezwe ngempumelelo.

Iindlela ezilungileyo zokufaka iiCartridge Mechanical Seals

Izitywino zoomatshini beCartridge zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunciphisa iimpazamo zokufakela ngokudibanisa ubuso, izipringi, kunye nee-elastomers kwisingxobo esinye. Nangona kunjalo, azikhuselekanga ekuphathweni ngendlela engafanelekanga. Enye yeempazamo ezixhaphakileyo ezikhokelela ekusileleni kwangoko kukususwa kwangaphambi kwexesha kweziqwenga zokuseta (okanye iithebhu eziphakathi). Ezi ziqwenga zigcina ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwe-axial kunye ne-radial lwezixhobo zesitywino. Kufuneka zisuswe kuphela emva kokuba ipleyiti yegland ibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-pump casing kwaye izikrufu ezibekiweyo zitshixiwe kwi-shaft.

Ukongeza, iibholiti ze-gland plate kufuneka ziqiniswe kusetyenziswa ipateni ye-crisscross ene-torque wrench elinganisiweyo. Ukuqinisa okungalinganiyo kunokugqwetha ubuso obungashukumiyo. Kwiimpompo ze-ANSI/API eziqhelekileyo, iinkcukacha ze-torque ye-gland bolt kufuneka zilandelwe ngokungqongqo ngokwezikhokelo zomenzi. Ukujika kakhulu kwelinye icala le-gland kunokubangela ukuba ubuso obungashukumiyo buthambeke ngee-micrometer nje—okwaneleyo ukuthintela ubuso obujikelezayo ekusekeni ifilimu yolwelo ehambelanayo, okubangela ukuvuza kwangoko.

Inkcazo kunye neNkqubo Izizathu zokusilela kweSitywina

Xa iimpazamo zokufakela kunye nokunyamezelana koomatshini zisusiwe, ukungaphumeleli kwangoko kokutywinwa kudla ngokubonisa ukungalingani okubalulekileyo phakathi kweenkcukacha zokutywinwa koomatshini kunye neemeko zenkqubo yokwenyani. Inxalenye enkulu yokungaphumeleli kokutywinwa kwasekuqaleni kwenzeka kuba uyilo lokutywinwa, i-metallurgy, okanye ulawulo lokusingqongileyo aluhambelani ngokupheleleyo ne-fluid dynamics ekhoyo ngexesha lokuqalisa kwepompo.

Izixhobo zoBuso ezingalunganga, ii-Elastomers, okanye uBume beNtwasahlobo

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zobuso kunye nee-elastomers zesibini kufuneka zihambelane ngokugqibeleleyo nokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nobushushu bolwelo lwenkqubo. Ukuba i-O-ring yeFluoroelastomer (FKM) eqhelekileyo ifakwa kwiihydrocarbons zobushushu obuphezulu ezidlula imida yayo yobushushu, i-elastomer iya kudlula kwiseti yokucinezelwa kwangoko okanye ukuwohloka kobushushu, nto leyo eya kubeka emngciphekweni isitywina ngoko nangoko. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka kuchazwe ezinye iindlela zobushushu obuphezulu ezifana neePerfluoroelastomers (FFKM).

Ngokufanayo, ulwakhiwo lwentwasahlobo kufuneka luhambelane neempawu zolwelo. Ukuba itywina lentwasahlobo elineekhoyili ezininzi lisetyenziswa kulwelo oluxineneyo okanye olugcwele iinxalenye (ezifana neebhotolo zeoyile eluhlaza okanye isitokhwe sephepha), iispring ziya kuvaleka ngoko nangoko xa ziqaliswa. Ukulahleka kokusebenza kwentwasahlobo kuthintela ubuso betywina ukuba bungavaleki, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvuza okukhulu. Kwezi zicelo,umthombo wekhoyili enyeokanye ulungiselelo lwentsimbi engashukumiyo luyafuneka ukuthintela ukungcola kwangoko.

Uxinzelelo, Ubushushu, Uxinzelelo Lomphunga, kunye Neengxaki Eziqinileyo

Ukungaphumeleli ukugcina umda owaneleyo woxinzelelo lomphunga ngaphakathi kwebhokisi yokuzalisa yimbangela ephambili yokufuma ngokukhawuleza kwetywina. Ngokwezikhokelo ze-API 682, uxinzelelo kwigumbi lokuzalisa kufuneka lugcinwe kumgama owaneleyo (ngesiqhelo yi-3.4 bar / 50 psi) ngaphezulu koxinzelelo lomphunga lolwelo olupompelweyo kubushushu bokusebenza. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwebhokisi yokuzalisa luyehla ngaphantsi kwalo mda ngexesha lokuqalisa, ifilimu yolwelo phakathi kobuso betywina iya kujika ibe yigesi ngoko nangoko.

Ukufuthwa komphunga kunyanzela ngamandla ubuso besitywina ukuba buhlukane kwaye kubangele ukuba iringi engashukumiyo ixokozele. Oku kuxokozela kunokuqhekeza izinto ze-silicon carbide ezibuthathaka kwimizuzwana embalwa. Ukongeza, ukuba ulwelo lwenkqubo lunezinga eliphezulu lezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo okanye izinto ezirhabaxa, kwaye indibaniselwano yobuso obuqinileyo (umz., iSilicon Carbide vs. iSilicon Carbide) ayichazwanga, amasuntswana arhabaxa aya kufumana ubuso bekhabhoni ethambileyo ngoko nangoko, edala imingxunya enzulu evumela ulwelo ukuba ludlule ujongano lokutywina.

Izicwangciso zeFlush, iiNkqubo zokuCima, iiBarrier Fluids, kunye nokuPholisa

Ulawulo lokusingqongileyo, olulawulwa yizicwangciso ze-API 682 flush, lubalulekile ekutshintsheni imeko-bume ejikeleze ubuso besitywina.isitywino soomatshini esiphindwe kabiniifakiwe kodwa inkqubo yolwelo lomqobo (umz., i-API Plan 53A) icinezelwe ngendlela engafanelekanga, ukusilela kuza kwenzeka. Uxinzelelo lolwelo lomqobo kufuneka lugcinwe lungaphezulu koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwebhokisi yokuzalisa. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwenkqubo luyanda ngexesha lokuqalisa kwaye ludlule uxinzelelo lomqobo, ulwelo lwenkqubo luya kunyanzela ubuso besitywina esingaphakathi ukuba buvuleke, bungcolise ulwelo lomqobo kwaye butshabalalise isitywina.

Iinkqubo zokucima kunye neeluphu zokupholisa nazo zifuna ukuqinisekiswa ngokungqongqo. Isicwangciso se-API 32, esifaka i-flush yangaphandle ecocekileyo kwigumbi lokutywina, kufuneka sinikeze izinga lokugeleza elichaziweyo ukuze sipholise ubuso ngokufanelekileyo kwaye sisuse amaqhekeza. Ukuba umgca wokutywina uvaliwe, ungaphantsi kobukhulu, okanye ufumana uxinzelelo oluvela kwintloko, i-seal iya kuphelelwa yi-lubrication kwaye ingasebenzi ngoko nangoko.

Indlela Izityalo Ezimele Ziyichonge Zize Ziyithintele Ngayo Ukungaphumeleli Okuphindayo

Ukwaphula umjikelo wokusilela okuphindaphindiweyo kokufa kweentsana kufuna ukuba amashishini emizi-mveliso amkele izikhokelo ezingqongqo zokuxilonga kunye namanyathelo okulawula umgangatho. Ukuthembela ekutshintsheni inxalenye elula ngaphandle kokwenza uHlalutyo lweMpembelelo olusemthethweni (RCA) kuqinisekisa ukuba isiphene esisisiseko soomatshini okanye senkqubo siya kutshabalalisa isitywina esilandelayo. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuhlola ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nokuthengwa, amaqela okuthembeka anokunciphisa kakhulu ukungaphumeleli okuphindaphindiweyo kwangoko.

Inkqubo yokuhlolwa kweTywina yoMatshini ngeNyathelo

Xa isitywini sicinywa ngoko nangoko, kufuneka sikhutshwe ngononophelo kwaye sihlolwe ngokucokisekileyo inyathelo ngenyathelo. Abasebenzi bokulungisa kufuneka bayeke ukucoca isitywini ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, njengoko ulwelo oluseleyo lwenkqubo, inkunkuma yendawo, okanye umgubo owomileyo unika izikhokelo ezibalulekileyo. Ukuhlolwa kuqala ngezitywini zesibini: Ii-O-rings kufuneka zihlolwe phantsi kokwandiswa ukuze kubonwe iimpawu zokukhupha (ezibonisa uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo), ukudumba kweekhemikhali, okanye ukukrwempa.

Okulandelayo, ubuso betywina eliphambili kufuneka buhlalutywe. Iprofilometer okanye iflethi ebonakalayo kufuneka isetyenziswe kwindawo yokugcina izinto elawulwayo ukujonga ukuba ubuso buyacaba. Ubuso betywina obufakwe kakuhle kufuneka bucaba bube ngaphakathi kweebhendi zokukhanya ze-helium ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 (malunga ne-0.6 ukuya kwi-0.9 microns). Ukuba ubuso bubonisa amanqaku aqinileyo, ungcoliseko lwamaqhekeza luyimbangela. Ukuba ubuso becarbon bubonakala buphakanyisiwe, bunamacandelo anamabala, itywina lifumene ukothuka okukhulu kobushushu ngenxa yokusebenza okomileyo okanye ukufuma ngexesha lokuqalisa.

Ixesha Lokufaka Kwakhona, Ukulungisa, okanye Ukuphucula Isitywina

Emva kokudilizwa, iinjineli zezityalo kufuneka zigqibe ekubeni zilungise isitywino esingasebenziyo, zifake kwakhona esinye esitshintshiweyo ngqo, okanye ziphucule iteknoloji yokutywina. Isicwangciso esinye esiqhelekileyo phakathi kweenjineli zezityalo ngumthetho we-60%: ukuba iindleko zokuukulungisa isitywino soomatshini(kubandakanya ubuso obudibanisayo, ukutshintsha ii-elastomers, kunye novavanyo) zidlula i-60% yexabiso leyunithi entsha, ukuthengwa kwesitywina esitsha kungcono ngokwezoqoqosho.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uhlalutyo lokusilela lubonisa ukuba iinkcukacha zesitywina sokuqala bezinesiphako ngokusisiseko kwiimeko zenkqubo, akukho ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo okunokwenzeka. Umzekelo, ukuba isitywina secandelo siyasilela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yeempazamo zokufakelwa ngokujikeleziswa kwabasebenzi bokulungisa, ukuphucula ukuya kwisitywina sekhatriji esidibeneyo ngokupheleleyo yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokulungisa. Ukuba ukusilela bekubangelwa kukunyuka koxinzelelo okungalawulekiyo kwilungiselelo lesitywina esinye, ukuphucula ukuya kwinkqubo yesitywina esinoxinzelelo oluphindwe kabini (i-API Plan 53 okanye 54) kuyimfuneko ukwahlula ubuso besitywina ekuguquguqukeni kwenkqubo.

Ukuthengwa, Ukugcinwa, kunye noLawulo loFakelo

Okokugqibela, ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwetywina kwangoko kuqala ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ipompo isuswe kwi-intanethi; kufuna ulawulo olungqongqo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nolawulo lwangaphambi kokufakwa. Izinto ze-elastomeric ngaphakathi kwetywina zoomatshini zinobuthathaka ekuwohlokeni ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona imigangatho efana ne-SAE ARP5316 ibonelela ngeekhowudi zokufaneleka kunye nezikhokelo eziqhelekileyo zobomi beshelufu beepolymers ezifana ne-Nitrile (NBR) kunye ne-Fluoroelastomers (FKM), ezi ziphilo ziyahluka ngokwenqanaba lepolymer kwaye zisebenza kuphela ukuba zigcinwe kwiindawo ezilawulwayo.

Izitywino zoomatshini mazigcinwe kwiindawo ezinamaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwama-25°C (77°F) kunye nomswakama ohambelanayo ogcinwe ngaphantsi kwama-65%. Ukuvezwa kukukhanya okuthe ngqo kwe-ultraviolet, i-ozone eveliswa ziimoto zombane ezikufutshane, okanye ukuguquguquka okukhulu kobushushu kuya kubangela ukuba ii-elastomers zibe buthathaka ngelixa zihleli eshelufini. Xa isitywino esonakeleyo sigqityiwe ekugqibeleni, ii-O-rings eziqinileyo azinakucinezelwa ukuze zenze isitywino, nto leyo ebangela ukuvuza xa ipompo ikhukuliswa ngamanzi. Ukusebenzisa ulawulo lwezinto ezikwi-First-In, First-Out (FIFO) kunye nokugcinwa okulawulwa yimozulu yimfuneko esisiseko yokuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwangoko kwezitywino zoomatshini ezisandula ukufakwa.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Phatha ukusilela kwesitywina ngexesha lokuqalisa okanye kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-48 njengesiganeko sokufa kweentsana esifuna uhlalutyo lwemvelaphi ngaphambi kokufaka esinye isitywina.
• Isitywino soomatshini esichazwe kakuhle nesifakelweyo kufuneka sisoloko sinikezela nge-MTBF malunga neenyanga ezingama-36, ngoko ke ukungaphumeleli kweyure kungekho sizathu kubonisa ingxaki enkulu kwinkqubo okanye ekufakweni.
• Musa ukungakunaki ukuvuza okanye ukutshiza okuqhubekekayo emva kokuyivula, kuba ulwelo oluvuzayo lunokungcolisa iibheringi, ludale iingozi zomphunga, kwaye lubangele ukuvezwa okusemthethweni.
• Qinisekisa ukuba igumbi lokutywina lingena umoya, ukuhamba kwamanzi, ukulungelelaniswa, ubungakanani bofakelo, kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wokungasebenzi kakuhle komoya kunye nomonakalo wobuso.
• Yimise ipompo ngoko nangoko xa kuvela ukuvuza okungaqhelekanga, kuba ukuqalisa kwakhona okuphindaphindiweyo kunokuguqula ingxaki yokufakela ibe yipompo, iibheringi, kunye nomonakalo ongqongileyo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni ukusilela kokufa kweentsana kwitywina yoomatshini?

Kukusilela okwenzeka xa kuqaliswa okanye kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-48. Kwisitywina esichaziweyo nesifakelweyo ngokuchanekileyo, oku kudla ngokubonisa impazamo yokufaka, ukusebenza okomileyo, ukungalungelelani kakuhle, ungcoliseko, okanye ukungahambelani—hayi ukuguguleka okuqhelekileyo.

Ingaba ukuvuza okuncinci kuyinto eqhelekileyo emva kokufaka isitywina esitsha soomatshini?

Kunokubakho inani elincinci kakhulu lokulila xa ubuso besitywini busenza ifilimu yolwelo. Ukuvuza okuthe ngcembe, ukutshiza, okanye ukuvuza okukhawulezayo akuqhelekanga kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe njengesilumkiso sokungaphumeleli.

Kutheni itywina elitsha loomatshini linokungaphumeleli kwangoko xa ipompo iqalisa ukusebenza?

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukusebenzisa isitywini esomileyo, ubude bokufakwa obungachanekanga, ii-elastomers ezonakeleyo, ukulungelelaniswa kakuhle kweshaft, izinto zesitywini ezingalunganga, imigca yokufunxa evalekileyo, okanye umoya ovalelekileyo kwigumbi lesitywini.

Itywina lomatshini elifakwe kakuhle lifanele lihlale ixesha elingakanani?

Phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo ezihambelana nolindelo lwe-API 682, isitywina soomatshini esichazwe kakuhle nesifakelweyo sidla ngokulindeleka ukuba sifikelele kwi-MTBF yeenyanga ezingama-36 nangaphezulu.

Ngaba kufuneka ndiyiqalise kwakhona ipompo ukuba isitywina esitsha siyavuza ngoko nangoko?

Hayi. Ukuqalisa kwakhona okuphindaphindiweyo kunokwenza umonakalo wobuso ube mandundu, kungcolise iibheringi, kwaye kukhuphe ulwelo oluyingozi. Misa ipompo, uyihlukanise ngokukhuselekileyo, kwaye uhlole ukufakwa kwayo, ukuthambisa, ukulungelelaniswa kwayo, kunye neemeko zokusebenza.