Indlela Yokuyeka Ukungasebenzi Kaninzi Kwezitywino ZeMishini Kwiimpompo Zamanzi Ashushu

Kutheni iimpompo zamanzi ashushu zitshabalalisa izitywina zoomatshini

Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu kubangela imingeni enzima kakhulu kwizixhobo ezijikelezayo. Ngaphezulu kwe-160°F (71°C), amandla endalo amanzi atshintsha kakhulu, ehlisa ukutyeba kwawo kwaye andise amathuba okudanyaza kolwelo kwindawo yokutywina.isitywino soomatshini siyasilelakwezi ndawo zifuna ukwahlula phakathi kokuguguleka okuqhelekileyo koomatshini kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okukhawulezileyo okubangelwa kukungazinzi kobushushu okanye kwe-hydraulic.

Xa iimpompo ezisemgangathweni zisetyenziselwa ukutya kwebhoyila okushushu kakhulu, ukubuyiselwa kwe-condensate, okanye ukusetyenziswa kokufudumeza kwesithili, iindlela zazo zokutywina zihlala zityhalelwa ngaphaya kwemida yoyilo lwazo. Ukunciphisa ezi ntsilelo kufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kwamandla e-thermodynamic asebenza kwigumbi lokutywina kunye neendlela ezithile zokusilela ezizibangelayo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesitywina ngokuphindaphindiweyo

Izalathisi ezibonakalayo nezokusebenza zokusilela kwangethuba zihlala zibonakala kudala ngaphambi kokuba ukuvuza okubi kunyanzelise ukuvalwa kwepompo. Abasebenzi bokulungisa banokubona ukuqokelelwa kothuli lwekhabhoni olujikeleze i-gland, ukulila okungapheliyo ngexesha lokuqalisa, okanye ukunyuka kancinci kokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okutywinwa ukuba kusetyenziswa i-flush yangaphandle. Xa i-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) yesitywina soomatshini ihla ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18 kwisicelo esiqhelekileyo samanzi ashushu, oko kubonisa ngokucacileyo iingxaki ezingapheliyo zokusingqongileyo okanye zenkqubo endaweni yeziphene zecandelo elithile.

Ukuvavanya ixesha lokusilela kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Isiciko esingasebenziyo kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kokufakelwa kudla ngokubonisa iimpazamo ezinkulu zokufakelwa, ukungahambi kakuhle okukhulu, okanye iimeko zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwangoko. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukusilela okwenzeka emva kweenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu zokusebenza kunokwenzeka ukuba kunxulunyaniswe neemeko zenkqubo ezitshintshatshintshayo, ukwakheka kancinci kancinci, okanye ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwe-thermal envelope efanelekileyo.

Imiphumo yobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nomda womphunga

Ubudlelwane phakathi kobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nomda womphunga yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuthembekeni kwetywina lamanzi ashushu. Njengoko ubushushu bamanzi bunyuka, uxinzelelo lomphunga luyanda kakhulu. Ukuba uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwigumbi lokutywina aludluli uxinzelelo lomphunga wamanzi ngomda owaneleyo—oqhele ukucetyiswa ukuba ube ubuncinane yi-25 ukuya kwi-50 psi (1.7 ukuya kwi-3.4 bar) ngaphezu koxinzelelo lomphunga—kuyenzeka ukukhanya.

Ukutshaya kukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwamanzi angamanzi abe ngumphunga ngokuthe ngqophakathi kobuso besitywino soomatshiniNgenxa yokuba umphunga awuniki mafutha aneleyo, ubuso bufumana ukutyibilika okomileyo ngoko nangoko, nto leyo ebangela ukungqubana okukhulu kunye nobushushu obufumaneka kwindawo ethile. Olu bushushu bubangela ukuba ubuso bujike, buvule umsantsa wefilimu yolwelo kwaye buvumele iinxalenye ezirhabaxa ukuba zingene, nto leyo ekhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza ukutshatyalaliswa kwemiphezulu ejikelezileyo.

Ukungaphumeleli kwetywina xa kuthelekiswa neempawu zokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo

Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kufuna ukwahlula phakathi kokusilela kwesitywina sokuqala kunye nokusilela kwepompo yenkqubo ebonakalayo kwitywina. Isitywina soomatshini sidla ngokuba yeyona khonkco ibuthathaka kwindibano ejikelezayo kwaye siya kusilela njengophawu lwesibini loxinzelelo olubanzi lwe-hydraulic okanye lwe-mechanical. Umzekelo, ukuxinana okubangelwa kukungabikho ngokwaneleyo kweNet Positive Suction Head (NPSHa) kudala ukushukuma koxinzelelo olunamandla olunokuqhekeza ubuso besitywina esibuthathaka.

Ngokufanayo, ukonakala kweebheringi okanye ukusebenza kude neBest Efficiency Point (BEP) yepompo kuvelisa imithwalo emininzi yeradial. Ukuba ukuphambuka kweshaft kudlula i-0.002 intshi (0.05 mm) ebusweni betywina, amandla okulandelela anamandla eesprings ayagqithiswa. Kwezi meko, ukutshintsha itywina loomatshini ngaphandle kokujongana nokuguga kweebheringi okanye ukungazinzi kwe-hydraulic kuqinisekisa ukuphinda ngokukhawuleza kokusilela.

Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Zoyilo Lwesitywina

Ukukhetha isitywino esifanelekileyo soomatshini samanzi ashushu kufuna ukugqitha kwiimfuno zesiqhelo zokusetyenziswa. Ulwakhiwo lomzimba, ijiyometri yobuso, kunye nokwakheka kwezinto kufuneka kumelane nobushushu obuphezulu kunye neempawu zokuthambisa eziphantsi zamanzi ashushu.

Iinjineli kufuneka zihlole iiparameter zokusebenza ngqo—ingakumbi ubushushu obuphezulu obuqhubekayo, ukunyuka koxinzelelo oludlulayo, kunye nobunyulu bolwelo—ukuze zichaze uyilo lwesitywina olugcina ifilimu yolwelo oluzinzileyo phantsi kwazo zonke iimeko zokusebenza ezilindelekileyo.

Uyilo lwesitywina olulinganiselayo xa kuthelekiswa nolungalinganisekanga

Ibhalansi ye-hydraulic yesitywina soomatshini ilawula ukuba ingakanani na ingcinezelo yolwelo esetyenziswayo ukutyhala ubuso besitywina kunye. Izitywina ezingalinganiyo zihlala zilinganiselwe kwiingcinezelo ezimalunga ne-150 psi (10 bar) kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi. Kwizicelo zamanzi ashushu, amandla okuvala aphezulu esitywina esingalinganiyo avelisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo bokungqubana, okunciphisa kakhulu umda womphunga kwaye kubangele ukukhazimla.

Kwiinkqubo zamanzi ashushu ezisebenza ngaphezulu kwama-200°F (93°C) okanye xa uxinzelelo luphezulu,izitywino zoomatshini ezilinganisiweyoziyimfuneko. Uyilo olulinganiselayo lutshintsha umlinganiselo wejometri wobuso besitywino, lunciphisa amandla okuvala amanzi ngelixa lugcina uxinzelelo olwaneleyo ukuthintela ukuvuza. Olu tshintsho ludla ngokunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu ebusweni ngama-20% ukuya kuma-30%, lwandise umda wesantya soxinzelelo (PV) kwaye lwandise kakhulu ubomi bokusebenza kwesitywino kulwelo oluguquguqukayo.

Izitywino zoomatshini ezingatshatanga ngokuchasene nezimbini

Itywina zoomatshini ezizodwazixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kulwelo lwenkqubo olupompelweyo ukuze zithambise kwaye zipholise. Nangona zingabizi kakhulu, zisengozini enkulu yokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo, ukudanyaza, kunye nokusebenza okomileyo. Ukuba unikezelo lwamanzi ashushu luyaphazamiseka okanye luba ngumphunga, isitywina esinye siya kusilela ngokukhawuleza. Ukunciphisa oku, izixhobo zihlala zitshintshela kwizitywina ezimbini (ezimbini) zoomatshini kwizinto ezibalulekileyo okanye ezishushu kakhulu.

Izitywino ezimbini zoomatshini zisebenzisa isithintelo sesibini okanye ulwelo lwe-buffer ukwahlula ubuso besitywino kulwelo olunzima lwenkqubo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa okuqhubekayo nokuba imeko yangaphakathi yepompo injani na.

Izixhobo zobuso, ii-elastomers, kunye nokukhetha kwentwasahlobo

Ukukhethwa kwezinto akunabubele kwiindawo ezishushu. Kwiindawo eziphambili zesitywina, ikhabhoni efakwe i-Antimony ebaleka nxamnye neSilicon Carbide (SiC) okanye iTungsten Carbide (TC) yindlela eqhelekileyo yokudibanisa, enika ulungelelwano oluhle lokumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokusinda komile. Nangona iSiC ngokuchasene neSiC inika ubunzima obukhethekileyo, isengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka okukhulu ukuba ulwelo luyakhanya kwaye ubuso buyomile.

Ukukhethwa kwe-Elastomer (O-ring) kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yomngcipheko wokonakala kweekhemikhali. I-FKM (Viton) isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino kodwa idume ngokudlula kwi-hydrolysis—ukuqhekeka kweekhemikhali—kwizicelo zamanzi ashushu ezingaphezulu kwama-212°F (100°C). Endaweni yoko, i-EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) yeyona elastomer ikhethwayo kumanzi ashushu kunye nomphunga, iphatha ngokuthembekileyo amaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-300°F (149°C). Ukongeza, uyilo lwe-multi-spring oluzinzileyo okanye i-metal bellows ziyacetyiswa phezu kwe-single-coil springs, njengoko zichasa ukuvaleka kwe-mineral scale buildup eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zamanzi ashushu.

Indlela Yokufumanisa Ukusilela Kwesitywina Ngaphambi Kokutshintshwa

Ukutshintsha ngokungaboniyo i-aisitywino soomatshini esingasebenziyongaphandle kokuchonga unobangela oyintloko kuqinisekisa ukungaphumeleli okuphindaphindiweyo. Inkqubo yokudiliza nokuhlola ecwangcisiweyo ibalulekile ekuchongeni izinto ezithile ezixinzelelweyo ngoomatshini, ngobushushu, okanye ngeekhemikhali eziye zaphazamisa indlela yokutywina.

Ngokuphatha uphawu olusileleyo njengobungqina bezomthetho, iinjineli zokuthembeka zinokujonga iipatheni zomonakalo ezibonakalayo zibuyele kwiimpazamo ezithile zokusebenza, zivumela amanyathelo okulungisa ajoliswe kuwo kwaye asebenzayo.

Ukuhlola ubuso besitywino, imikhono, kunye nee-O-rings

Uvavanyo oluqatha lokudiliza lubonelela ngobungqina obucacileyo bokuba kutheni isitywina soomatshini singaphumelelanga. Iinjineli kufuneka zihlole ubuso obuqinileyo bokuqala ukuze zijonge ubushushu—uthotho lweemfanta ezincinci zeradial ezivela embindini weringi yesitywina. Le ndlela yomonakalo othile luphawu loxinzelelo lobushushu, oluqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo lukhanyise lwaba ngumphunga kwaye ubuso buyomile ngaphambi kokuba bucinywe ngequbuliso lulwelo olupholileyo. Ukongeza, ukugquma okunzulu okanye ukudumba kwiringi ephambili yekhabhoni kubonisa ukuthambisa okungekho sempilweni okanye ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali.

Izinto zokuvala zesibini kunye nezixhobo nazo zixela ibali elibalulekileyo. Ii-O-rings ezibonakala zikhutshiwe, zithe tyaba, okanye zibuthathaka zibonisa ukuhamba kobushushu ngaphaya kwemida elinganisiweyo ye-elastomer. Umzekelo, ukuba i-EPDM O-ring ivezwe kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwama-300°F (149°C), iya kuqina ize ilahlekelwe bubuthambile bayo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwindlela yesibini yokuvuza. Ukuxinana kwi-pump shaft okanye kwisleeve phantsi kwe-O-ring enamandla kubonisa ngakumbi intshukumo enkulu ye-axial okanye ukungcangcazela ngexesha lokusebenza.

Ukujonga ulungelelwaniso, ukungcangcazela, kunye noxinzelelo lwepayipi

Ukunyaniseka koomatshini bepompo kulawula ngokuthe ngqo ubomi besitywini. Ukulungelelaniswa ngokuchanekileyo phakathi kwepompo kunye nemoto akunakuxoxiswana ngako. Ukungalingani kwe-angular okungaphezulu kwe-0.005 intshi nge-intshi, okanye ukungalingani okulinganayo okungaphaya kwe-0.002 intshi, kunyanzela isitywini soomatshini ukuba sihlawulele ngokuguquguqukayo ukujikeleza kweshaft nganye, okukhokelela ekudinweni ngokukhawuleza kwesprings okanye i-bellows kunye nokuguguleka kobuso okugqithisileyo.

Uxinzelelo lwepayipi lolunye uhlobo lokubulala olufihlakeleyo lwezitywini zoomatshini. Xa imibhobho yamanzi ashushu enzima neyandisiweyo ngobushushu ibotshelelwe kwiiflange zepompo ngaphandle kokuxhaswa ngokufanelekileyo, iphazamisa isingxobo sepompo. Oku kuphazamiseka kudala ukuphambuka okukhulu kweshaft kunye nokukhuhla kwangaphakathi. Ukwenza uhlalutyo lokungcangcazela linyathelo eliqhelekileyo lokuxilonga; ukungcangcazela okungaphezulu kwe-0.15 in/sec RMS kudla ngokutyhila ukuguguleka kweebheringi, ukungalingani, okanye imiba yesandi eyonakalisa ngamandla amandla okulandelela ubuso betywina le-micro-intshi.

Ukuphonononga idatha yokusebenza kunye neemeko zenkqubo

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kufuneka kudibaniswe nedatha yokusebenza ukuze kwenziwe umfanekiso opheleleyo wokuxilonga. Amaqela okuthembeka kufuneka ahlole iindlela zembali ze-SCADA okanye ze-DCS ezikhokelela ekusileleni. Khangela ukunyuka koxinzelelo ngequbuliso, iziganeko ezifayo, okanye ukunyuka kobushushu okuhambelana nomonakalo womzimba obonwe kwisitywini.

Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikwe amanqanaba okuhamba kwamanzi. Ukuba ipompo isebenza rhoqo ngaphantsi kweMinimum Continuous Safe Flow yayo (MCSF), ukujikeleza kwamanzi kwangaphakathi kusebenza njengebhuleki ye-hydraulic, idlulisela ngokukhawuleza amandla e-kinetic kubushushu. Kwi-volute evaliweyo, oku kunokubangela ukuba amaqondo obushushu olwelo anyuke nge-10°F ukuya kwi-20°F (5°C ukuya kwi-11°C) ngomzuzu, oku kuwenza amanzi abe ngumphunga kwindawo yokutywina ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ubushushu bolwelo olukhulu bubangele i-alamu yobushushu obuphezulu.

Amanyathelo Okulungisa Ukuthintela Ukungaphumeleli Okuphindaphindiweyo

Ukunciphisa ukungaphumeleli okuphindaphindiweyo kufuna ukutshintsha imeko yokusebenza okanye inkqubo yokuxhasa isitywino soomatshini ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo oluzinzileyo, olupholileyo, nolucocekileyo luhlala ebusweni besitywino ngamaxesha onke.

Amanyathelo okulungisa aqala ekunyanzeliseni ukugcinwa okungqongqo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ukuya ekuphunyezweni kwezicwangciso eziphambili zemibhobho ye-API ezilawula ngokusebenzayo i-thermodynamics yegumbi lesitywina.

Ukuphucula ukufakwa kunye nokulungiswa kwegumbi lokutywina

Isiseko sokuthembeka kwesitywino simiselwe ngaphambi kokuba ipompo ivulwe. Ukunyamezelana kokufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kusetyenziswa izalathisi zokudayela. Ukubaleka kweshaft kufuneka kugcinwe ngokungqongqo ngaphantsi kwe-0.001 intshi (0.025 mm) Ukufundwa kweSibonakaliso esipheleleyo (TIR). Ngaphezu koko, ukubaleka kobuso begumbi lesitywino (ubuso besikwere ukuya kwishaft) kufuneka kube ngaphakathi kwe-0.0005 intshi nge-intshi yobubanzi beshaft ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-gland engashukumiyo ihlala ithambile ngokugqibeleleyo.

Ukulungiswa kwegumbi lokutywina kuquka neenkqubo ezingqongqo zokukhupha umoya. Iinkqubo zamanzi ashushu zinomoya okanye umphunga ovalelekileyo kwisiqingatha esiphezulu sebhokisi yokuzalisa. Ukuba igumbi lokutywina alinawo umoya ofanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe, inxalenye ephezulu yobuso bokutywina iya koma ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo okhawulezileyo kubushushu kwimizuzwana embalwa yokuqala yokusebenza.

Ukulawula ukuhamba okuncinci kunye neenkqubo zokuqalisa

Uqeqesho lokusebenza lubaluleke kakhulu njengoyilo loomatshini. Ukuthintela ukunyuka okukhawulezayo kobushushu okunxulunyaniswa nokujikeleza okuphantsi kwamanzi, izixhobo kufuneka zisebenzise ukhuseleko loomatshini okanye lwenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ipompo ayisebenzi ngaphantsi kwe-MCSF yayo. Ukufakela iiValve ze-Automatic Recirculation (ii-ARV) okanye imigca ye-minimum flow bypass enikezelweyo kuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo luhamba rhoqo kwi-casing, luchitha ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo.

Iinkqubo zokuqalisa kufuneka zinyanzeliswe ngokungqongqo, ngakumbi kwiimpompo ezimiyo kwinkonzo yamanzi ashushu. Ukufaka isingxobo sempompo ebandayo emanzini angama-250°F (121°C) kubangela ukugqwetheka okukhulu kobushushu obungalinganiyo, okuphazamisa ubuso besitywino ngaphambi kokuba umngxuma uqale ukujikeleza. Izixhobo kufuneka zimisele iinkqubo zokufudumala ezilawulwayo, zisebenzisa imisele yamanzi okanye imigca yokufudumala ukugcina izinga lokufudumeza elihamba kancinci malunga ne-5°F ukuya kwi-10°F ngomzuzu, ukuqinisekisa ukulingana kobushushu ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe.

Ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zokucoca, zokucima umlilo, zokupholisa, okanye zokuthintela

Xa ubushushu benkqubo budlula ngokwendalo imida yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo yesitywina, kufuneka ulawulo lwangaphandle lokusingqongileyo. Ii-API Piping Plans ziyalela indlela ulwelo oluhanjiswa ngayo ukuya nokubuya kwisitywina soomatshini ukuze kubonelelwe ngokupholisa, ukufutha, okanye ukhuseleko lomqobo.

Kwizicelo zamanzi ashushu kakhulu, i-API Plan 23 iyacetyiswa kakhulu. Ngokungafaniyo nePlan 21, epholisa rhoqo ulwelo olushushu oluvela ekukhutshweni kwepompo, iPlan 23 iphinda ijikeleze umthamo omncinci wolwelo ngaphakathi phakathi kwegumbi lokutywina kunye nesixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu esizinikeleyo. Le nkqubo esebenza kakuhle kakhulu inokunciphisa ngokulula ubushushu begumbi lokutywina ngama-50°F ukuya kwi-100°F (28°C ukuya kuma-56°C) xa kuthelekiswa nobushushu benkqubo yobuninzi, isusa ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko wokutsha kwaye inyuse ubomi betywina ngokukhawuleza.

Isigqibo sokulungisa, ukuphucula, okanye ukuyila ngokutsha

Xa bejongene nokusilela okungapheliyo kwetywina loomatshini, amaqela obunjineli bolondolozo nokuthembeka kufuneka ahlole ukuba aqhubeke nokulungisa uqwalaselo olukhoyo, aphucule iinkcukacha zetywina, okanye alandele uyilo olutsha lwenkqubo.

Esi sigqibo sixhomekeke kuhlalutyo oluqinileyo lweendleko zomjikelo wobomi, ukulinganisela iindleko zemali kwangaphambili kunye nezohlwayo zexesha elide zabasebenzi bokulungisa, izixhobo zokutshintsha, kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi kwemveliso elingacwangciswanga.

Ukuthelekisa iindleko zokulungisa kunye nobomi bokutywina

Ixabiso lokwenyani lokusilela kwesitywina soomatshini lidlula ngaphaya kwe-invoyisi yenxalenye yokutshintshwa. Liquka umsebenzi ofunekayo wokudiliza nokufakela, iindleko zolwelo oluthintelayo, impembelelo yokuvuza kwindalo esingqongileyo, kunye nesohlwayo esikhulu semali sokulahleka kwemveliso. Indlela yokulungisa esemgangathweni idla ngokuba yimali yobuxoki kwiimeko zokusilela okungapheliyo.

Umzekelo, ukuba isitywino esiqhelekileyo sezixhobo zokusebenza sibiza i-$1,500 ukulungisa kodwa singaphumeleli rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6, iindleko zokulungisa ngokuthe ngqo zonyaka zidlula i-$3,000—ngaphandle kwexesha lokungasebenzi. Le ndleko iphindaphindayo ikhawuleza idlule utyalo-mali lwe-$4,500 ukuya kwi-$6,000 olufunekayo kwitywino lekhatriji elikhethekileyo, elinobushushu obuphezulu elixhotyiswe ngesicwangciso semibhobho esilungiselelweyo esinikezela nge-MTBF ethembekileyo yeenyanga ezingama-36. Ukuvavanya iXabiso lilonke lobuNini (TCO) kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba icebo lokulungisa alisasebenzi.

Ixesha lokuphucula iinkcukacha zesitywina

Ukuphucula iinkcukacha zesitywina kuba yimfuneko xa iinyani zokusebenza kwepompo zahlukile kwiikhrayitheriya zoyilo lwayo lwantlandlolo. Into eqhelekileyo ebangela ukuphuculwa kukuqhekeka kwenkqubo, apho utshintsho lwenkqubo lutyhala ubushushu bamanzi kancinci kancinci ngaphezu kwenkcazelo yoyilo lokuqala (umz., ukuqhekeka ukusuka kwi-180°F yokuqala ukuya kwi-220°F eqhubekayo kwiminyaka eliqela yokwandiswa kwesakhiwo).

Ezinye izinto ezibangela oku ziquka ukujikeleza rhoqo kwepompo, okubangela ukutshayiswa kobushushu okuphindaphindeneyo, okanye ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo engqongqo yokusingqongileyo nokhuseleko malunga nokuvuza kolwelo. Ukusuka kwisitywina esinye secandelo esingalinganiyo ukuya kwisitywina sekhatriji esilinganiselayo, ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-FKM ukuya kwi-EPDM elastomers, okanye ukuphucula ukusuka kwisicwangciso 11 ukuya kwisicwangciso 23 sokupholisa ziindlela ezisemgangathweni nezisebenzayo zokuphucula iinkcukacha zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu adlula umda we-200°F (93°C).

Ukwakha isicwangciso sokulungisa esiza kuqala

Ukusombulula iingxaki eziphindaphindwayo kufuna isicwangciso sokulungisa esicwangcisiweyo ngokwezigaba, esibekwe phambili kunendlela yokusasaza. Isigaba sokuqala kufuneka sigxile kwiziqhamo eziphantsi: ukulungisa ulungelelwaniso lwepompo, ukuqinisekisa imida ye-NPSHa, ukususa uxinzelelo lwepayipi, kunye nokunyanzelisa ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokufudumeza ipompo kunye nokuhamba okuncinci. Ezi zilungiso zokusebenza zifuna inkcitho encinci yemali kwaye zihlala zisombulula ipesenti enkulu yokusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha.

Isigaba sesibini siquka ukuphuculwa kobunjineli kwisitywina ngokwaso, njengokucacisa iijometri zobuso ezilinganayo, ukwenza ngcono izixhobo zobuso ukuze zingabi manzi kakuhle, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwe-elastomer. Okokugqibela, isigaba sesithathu sifuna inkcitho yemali kwiinkqubo zenkxaso eziphambili, njengokufaka ii-seal coolers (Isicwangciso 23) okanye ukutshintshela kwi-dual pressurized seal configurations (Isicwangciso 53A) kwizicelo ezinoburhalarhume, ezishushu kakhulu. Oku kunyuka okucwangcisiweyo kuqinisekisa ukuba imali isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kupheliswe unobangela wokutshatyalaliswa kwesitywina soomatshini.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Gcina uxinzelelo lwegumbi lesitywino ubuncinane luyi-25 ukuya kwi-50 psi ngaphezu koxinzelelo lomphunga wamanzi ukuze kuncitshiswe ukukhanya kunye nokuphuma okomileyo ebusweni besitywino.
• Phatha i-MTBF engaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18 kwinkonzo yamanzi ashushu njengobungqina bengxaki yenkqubo engapheliyo okanye yokusetyenziswa, kungekhona nje ukutywinwa okubi.
• Phanda ukusilela zingadlulanga iiyure ezingama-48 ukuze ubone iimpazamo zokufakelwa, ukungalungelelani kakuhle, ukuseta okungalunganga, okanye iimeko zokusebenza okomileyo kwangoko.
• Jonga iimeko zokusebenza kwepompo ezifana ne-NPSH, i-cavitation, impilo yeebheringi, ukuphambuka kweshaft, kunye nomgama ukusuka kwi-BEP ngaphambi kokuba ugxeke isitywini sodwa.
• Sebenzisa uyilo lwetywina, izixhobo, kunye nezicwangciso zokuxhasa ezilinganiswe ngamanzi ashushu kakhulu endaweni yokusebenzisa kwakhona itywina zepompo ezisetyenziswayo ezisemgangathweni ngaphaya kwemida yazo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Kutheni le nto izitywino zoomatshini zisoloko zingasebenzi kakuhle kwiimpompo zamanzi ashushu?

Amanzi ashushu anamafutha aphantsi kwaye anamandla aphezulu omphunga. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegumbi lesitywini lusondele kakhulu kuxinzelelo lomphunga, amanzi anokujika abe ngumphunga ebusweni besitywini, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanzi ome, atshintshe ubushushu, uthuli lwekhabhoni, ukuvuza, kunye nomonakalo wobuso ngokukhawuleza.

Ngowuphi umda womphunga ocetyiswayo kwizitywini zoomatshini zamanzi ashushu?

Eyona nto iphambili kukugcina uxinzelelo lwegumbi lesitywino luphezulu kwi-25 ukuya kwi-50 psi, okanye i-1.7 ukuya kwi-3.4 bar, ngaphezu koxinzelelo lomphunga wamanzi. Olu luhlu lunceda ukuthintela ukudanyaza ebusweni besitywino.

Ngaba isitywino esivuzayo sisoloko sithetha ukuba isitywino besinesiphako?

Hayi. Itywina lidla ngokuba yinxalenye yokuqala ebonisa iimpawu zengxaki ebanzi yenkqubo, ezifana nokuqhekeka kwe-cavitation, i-NPSH embi, ukuphambuka kwe-shaft, ukuguguleka kweebheringi, ukungalungi kakuhle, okanye ukusebenza kude neyona ndawo ilungileyo yokusebenza kwepompo.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwetywina kwiiyure ezingama-48?

Ukungaphumeleli kwiiyure ezingama-48 kudla ngokubonisa impazamo yokufakelwa, ukungahambi kakuhle okukhulu, ukuseta isitywino ngendlela engalunganga, ukusebenza okomileyo kwangoko, okanye imeko enkulu yokusebenza apho isitywino singenakukwazi ukusinda.

Kunini apho ukungaphumeleli kokuvala okuphindaphindiweyo kufanele kuthathwe njengengxaki engapheliyo?

Ukuba i-MTBF yesitywina soomatshini iwela ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18 kwinkonzo eqhelekileyo yamanzi ashushu, unobangela kusenokwenzeka ukuba ungowomzimba kunokuba ube ngowokungaqhelekanga. Hlaziya uxinzelelo, ubushushu, isicwangciso sokugungxula, ii-hydraulics zepompo, ukufakelwa, kunye nemeko yeshaft.