Imingeni ejongene namashishini enkqubo itshintshile nangona eqhubeka nokumpompa ulwelo, ezinye ziyingozi okanye zinetyhefu.Ukhuseleko nokuthembeka kuseyeyona nto ibalulekileyo.Nangona kunjalo, abaqhubi bandisa isantya, uxinzelelo, amazinga okuhamba kunye nobukhulu beempawu ze-fluid (ubushushu, ugxininiso, i-viscosity, njl.) ngelixa uqhuba imisebenzi emininzi ye-batch.Kubasebenzi bemizi yokucoca i-petroleum, amaziko okulungisa igesi kunye nezityalo zepetrochemical kunye neekhemikhali, ukhuseleko luthetha ukulawula nokuthintela ukulahleka, okanye ukuvezwa, kulwelo olumponthiweyo.Ukuthembeka kuthetha iimpompo ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye noqoqosho, kunye nokugcinwa okungafunekiyo.
Isitywina somatshini esilungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo siqinisekisa umqhubi wempompo wokusebenza kwexesha elide, elikhuselekileyo nelithembekileyo kunye neteknoloji eqinisekisiweyo.Phakathi kweziqwenga ezininzi zezixhobo ezijikelezayo kunye nentaphane yamacandelo, izitywini zoomatshini zingqinwe ukuba zisebenza ngokuxhomekeka phantsi kweentlobo ezininzi zeemeko zokusebenza.
IIMPOMPU NAMAtywina—ZIFANELE KAHLE
Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba phantse iminyaka engama-30 sele idlulile ukususela ekuphakanyisweni kobuninzi betekhnoloji yempompo engenasitywina kwishishini lenkqubo.Itekhnoloji entsha yakhuthazwa njengesisombululo kuyo yonke imiba kwaye ibonwa imida yokutywinwa komatshini.Abanye bacebise ukuba le ndlela ingenye iya kuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwetywina ngoomatshini ngokupheleleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala emva kolu khuthazo, abasebenzisi bokugqibela bafunde ukuba izitywini zoomatshini zinokuhlangabezana okanye zigqithise ukuvuza okusemthethweni kunye neemfuno zokuqulatha.Ngaphaya koko, abavelisi bempompo baxhasa itekhnoloji ngokubonelela ngamagumbi okutywina ahlaziyiweyo ukuze athathe indawo yoxinzelelo oludala lokupakisha "iibhokisi zokupakisha."
Amagumbi okutywina anamhlanje alungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukutywinwa komatshini, okuvumela iteknoloji eyomelele ngakumbi kwiqonga le-cartridge, ukubonelela ngokufakela okulula kunye nokudala indawo evumela ukuba izitywina zisebenze ngokusemandleni abo.
YILWA INKCAZELO
Embindini we-1980, imimiselo emitsha yokusingqongileyo inyanzelise ishishini ukuba lingajongi kuphela kwisiqulatho kunye nokukhutshwayo, kodwa nasekuthembekeni kwezixhobo.Umyinge wexesha eliphakathi kokulungiswa (MTBR) kwizitywini zoomatshini kwiplanti yemichiza yayimalunga neenyanga ezili-12.Namhlanje, umndilili weMTBR ziinyanga ezingama-30.Okwangoku, ishishini lepetroleum, ngokuxhomekeke kwamanye awona manqanaba angqongqo akhutshwayo, linomyinge weMTBR ongaphezulu kweenyanga ezingama-60.
Amatywina oomatshini agcina isidima sawo ngokubonisa amandla okuhlangabezana kwaye ade agqithe iimfuno zeteknoloji yolawulo efumanekayo (BACT).Ngapha koko, bakwenzile oko ngelixa behleli benoqoqosho kunye netekhnoloji eyonga amandla ekhoyo ukuhlangabezana nokukhutshwa kunye nemithetho yokusingqongileyo.
Iinkqubo zekhompyuter zivumela izitywina ukuba zenziwe imodeli kwaye zifanekiselwe ngaphambi kokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziya kusingatha njani iimeko ezithile zokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba zifakwe ebaleni.Izakhono zoyilo lokwenziwa kwetywina kunye netekhnoloji yemathiriyeli yobuso betywina iye yaqhubela phambili ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba iphuhliselwe ukulingana okukodwa kwisicelo senkqubo.
Iinkqubo zekhompyuter zanamhlanje kunye neteknoloji zivumela ukusetyenziswa kwe-3-D yokuphononongwa koyilo, uhlalutyo lwento ephelelisiweyo (FEA), i-computational fluid dynamics (CFD), uhlalutyo lomzimba oluqinileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuxilonga ze-thermal ezazingafumaneki lula kwixesha elidlulileyo okanye ezibiza kakhulu. ukusetyenziswa rhoqo ngoyilo lwe-2-D lwangaphambili.Ezi nkqubela phambili kubuchule bokwenza imodeli yongeze ukuthembeka koyilo lweetywina zoomatshini.
Ezi nkqubo kunye neetekhnoloji zikhokele indlela yoyilo lwezitywina zekhatriji eziqhelekileyo ezinamacandelo omelele ngakumbi.Ezi zibandakanya ukususwa kwemithombo kunye ne-O-rings eguquguqukayo kwi-fluid yenkqubo kwaye yenza iteknoloji ye-stator eguquguqukayo uyilo olukhethiweyo.
ISIKO LOKUYILWA KWAKHONA
Ukungeniswa kwezitywina ezisemgangathweni zekhatriji kube negalelo elikhulu ekuthembekeni okukhulu kwenkqubo yokutywina ngokomelela kunye nokulula kofakelo.Oku komelela kwenza uluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zesicelo kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo.
Ukongeza, uyilo olukhawulezayo ngakumbi kunye nokwenziwa kweenkqubo zokutywina eziyilwe ngokwesiko zenze "ukulungiswa kakuhle" kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi wempompo.Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunokungeniswa nokuba ngotshintsho kwitywina ngokwalo okanye, ngokulula ngakumbi, kusetyenziswa amacandelo enkqubo encedisayo njengesicwangciso sombhobho.Ukukwazi ukulawula indawo yesitywina phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo ngendlela yenkxaso okanye izicwangciso zemibhobho kubaluleke kakhulu ekutywineni ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwendalo kuye kwenzeka ukuba iimpompo eziyilwe ngokwesiko ngakumbi, kunye netywina elihambelanayo lomatshini.Namhlanje, isitywina somatshini sinokuyilwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye sivavanywe naluphi na uhlobo lweemeko zenkqubo okanye iimpawu zempompo.Ubuso betywina, iiparitha ezinobungakanani begumbi lokutywina kunye nendlela itywina elingena ngayo kwigumbi lokutywina linokuyilwa kwaye liyilwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokwesiko kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.Ukuhlaziywa kwemigangatho efana ne-American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 682 nayo iqhubele phambili ukuthembeka kwetywina ngeemfuno eziqinisekisa uyilo lwetywina, izixhobo kunye nokusebenza.
UKUFANELEKA KWESIKO
Umzi mveliso wetywina ulwa nokuthengiswa kwetekhnoloji yetywina yonke imihla.Abathengi abaninzi bacinga ukuba "itywina litywina."Iimpompo eziqhelekileyo zihlala zingasebenzisa uphawu olufanayo olusisiseko.Nangona kunjalo, xa ifakwe kwaye isetyenziswe kwiimeko ezithile zenkqubo, uhlobo oluthile lokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwinkqubo yokutywinwa luhlala luphunyezwa ukufumana ukuthembeka okufunekayo phantsi kweso seteti ethile yeemeko zokusebenza kunye nenkqubo yeekhemikhali.
Nokuba kuyilo oluqhelekileyo lwekhatriji, uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezinokwenzeka zokwenza ngokwezifiso zikhona ukusuka kukhetho lwamalungu ezinto eziphathekayo ukuya kwisicwangciso sokubhobhoza esisetyenzisiweyo.Isikhokelo ekukhethweni kwamacandelo enkqubo yokutywinwa ngumenzi wetywina ibalulekile ekufezekiseni umgangatho wokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka okupheleleyo okufunekayo.Olu hlobo lwenziwe ngokwezifiso lunokuvumela izitywina zoomatshini zolule ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-60 zeMTBR kuneenyanga ezingama-24.
Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi bokugqibela banokuqinisekiswa ngokufumana inkqubo yokutywina eyenzelwe isicelo sabo esithile, ifom kunye nomsebenzi.Ikhono linikeza umsebenzisi wokugqibela ulwazi olufunekayo malunga nokusebenza kwempompo ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe.Ukuqikelela akuyimfuneko malunga nendlela impompo esebenza ngayo okanye ukuba inokusingatha isicelo.
UYILO OLUNENKONZO
Ngelixa uninzi lwabaqhubi benkqubo benza imisebenzi efanayo, izicelo azifani.Iinkqubo zihamba ngezantya ezahlukeneyo, amaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye nee-viscosity ezahlukeneyo, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye nokucwangciswa kwempompo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, ishishini lokutywina lomatshini liye lazisa izinto ezintsha eziye zanciphisa uvakalelo lwezitywina kwiimeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo kwaye zakhokelela ekwandeni kokuthembeka.Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umsebenzisi wokugqibela akanazo izixhobo zokubeka iliso zokubonelela ngezilumkiso zokungcangcazela, ubushushu, ukuthwala kunye nemithwalo yemoto, amatywina anamhlanje, kwiimeko ezininzi, aya kwenza imisebenzi yawo ephambili.
ISIPHELO
Ngobunjineli obuthembekileyo, uphuculo lwemathiriyeli, uyilo oluncediswa yikhompyutha kunye nobuchule obuphambili bokuvelisa, amatywina ngoomatshini ayaqhubeka nobungqina bexabiso nokuthembeka kwawo.Ngaphandle kokutshintsha ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nolawulo lokuqulatha, kunye nemida yokhuseleko kunye nokuvezwa, amatywina aye ahlala phambi kweemfuno ezingumngeni.Yiyo loo nto izitywina zoomatshini ziselukhetho olukhethwayo kumashishini enkqubo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-30-2022