Yeyiphi into yokutywina yePump yodidi lokutya omele uyikhethe?

Intshayelelo

Ukukhetha izinto zokutywina kwimpompo yodidi lokutya kuchaphazela okungaphezulu kakhulu kunokuthintela ukuvuza. Izinto ezifanelekileyo ze-elastomer okanye ubuso kufuneka zimelane neekhemikhali zokucoca, utshintsho lobushushu, ikhemistri yemveliso, kunye neemfuno zoyilo lococeko ngaphandle kokulahla amasuntswana, ukudumba, okanye ukudala iindawo apho iintsholongwane zinokukhula khona. Ukulingana okungalunganga kunokunciphisa ubomi benkonzo, kwandise ixesha lokungasebenzi, kwaye kuzise iingozi zokungcola ezibiza kakhulu ukuzibona nokuzilungisa. Eli nqaku lichaza iipropati zezinto eziphambili ekufuneka zithelekiswe, iimeko zokusebenza eziqhuba ukhetho, kunye notshintshiselwano phakathi kweendlela eziqhelekileyo ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha isitywina sempompo yodidi lokutya esixhasa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Kutheni Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Zokutywina ZePump Yomgangatho Wokutya Kubalulekile

Kwiinkqubo zokuphatha ulwelo olucocekileyo,izitywino zoomatshinikwaye ii-gaskets ezingashukumiyo ngaphakathi kwipompo zimele iqhezu elincinci kakhulu leendleko zokuqala zezixhobo ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nxalenye zinoxanduva olungalinganiyo lokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo, zibangela uninzi lokusilela kwepompo kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi kolondolozo olungacwangciswanga. Ukukhetha echanekileyoizinto zokutywina zepompo yeklasi yokutyasisigqibo esibalulekileyo sobunjineli esichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye nokukhuselwa kophawu.

Ngokungafaniyo nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso apho ukuvuza kwetywina kubangela ingozi kwindalo okanye kwimishini, ukusetyenziswa kococeko kuthwala umngcipheko omkhulu wongcoliseko lwebhayoloji. Itywina elibuthathaka kwindawo yokucubungula ukutya alilahli nje imveliso; lidala indawo encinci yeentsholongwane, libeka emngciphekweni yonke imveliso kwaye libeka emngciphekweni iziganeko eziyingozi zempilo yabathengi.

Iingozi zongcoliseko kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso

Igunya eliphambili lalo naluphi na uphawu lwepompo yokutya kukugcina umqobo ongenamoya phakathi kweendaba zenkqubo kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle, ngelixa kuthintelwa nemingxunya yangaphakathi apho imveliso inokuma khona. Ukungafezeki komphezulu we-microscopic, ukonakala kwe-elastomer, okanye ukungahambelani kweekhemikhali kunokukhokelela ekuchithekeni kwezinto, kungenise amaqhekeza angaphandle ngqo kumjelo wokutya.

Ngaphezu koko, ii-elastomers eziwohlokileyo zinokwenza imingxunya emincinci egcina ii-biofilms. Ukuze kuthotyelwe ucoceko, iindawo ezimanzi, kuquka ubuso be-seal kunye nee-elastomers, zihlala zifuna uburhabaxa bomphezulu obungadluli kwi-0.8 µm Ra (32 µin). Xa izinto ze-seal zingachazwanga kakuhle kwaye ziwohloka, uburhabaxa bomphezulu wazo buyanda kakhulu, nto leyo evumela iintsholongwane ezifana neListeria okanye iSalmonella ukuba zihlale kwiindawo apho imigaqo yokucoca eqhelekileyo ingenakufikelelwa khona. Ukubuyiswa kwemveliso kunye nezohlwayo zomthetho zingaphezulu kakhulu kwexabiso lokuqala lokuchaza izinto ze-seal zeprimiyamu.

Iimeko zokusebenza ezibangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesitywina

Ixesha elide le-seal lilawulwa ziingcinezelo zoomatshini kunye nobushushu bemeko-bume ethile yokucubungula. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezibangela ukungaphumeleli kwangaphambi kwexesha ziquka ukusebenza okomileyo, ukugabha, ukutshayiswa kobushushu, kunye nokuguguleka okurhabaxa. Iimpompo ze-centrifugal kunye ne-positive displacement zihlala zihlangabezana neemeko zokusebenza okomileyo okungapheliyo ngexesha lokuqalisa kwenkqubo okanye izigaba zokukhupha iitanki.

Ukusebenzisa isitywino soomatshini okomileyo kunokubangela ukuba amaqondo obushushu obuso besitywino anyuke ngaphezu kwe-150°C (300°F) kwimizuzwana engama-60. Olu hambo lukhawulezayo lobushushu lukhokelela ekuqhekekeni ngokukhawuleza kwee-elastomers eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuqhekeka kobushushu kobuso obuqinileyo njenge-alumina ceramic okanye i-silicon carbide. Ukongeza, ukupompa imidiya exineneyo okanye ulwelo olunemithwalo ephezulu yamasuntswana (njenge-slurry yeziqhamo okanye iiswekile ezikristaliweyo) kungenisa ukuguguleka okukhulu, kufuna izixhobo zobuso obuqinileyo ezinokumelana nokukhuhla okuqhubekayo koomatshini ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa bubuthe bazo obuchanekileyo.

Izixhobo zokutywina zePump yeBanga lokutya kunye neenketho

Izitywino zepompo yococeko zixhomekeke kudibaniso lwee-elastomers eziguquguqukayo zokuvala i-static (ezifana nee-O-rings, ii-bellows, kunye nee-gaskets) kunye nezinto eziqinileyo zobuso be-dynamic mechanical seal. Uqwalaselo olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke ekulinganiseni iipropati ze-mechanical, imida yobushushu, kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali kwezi zinto ngokuchasene neemfuno zenkqubo.

Ii-elastomers eziqhelekileyo: i-EPDM, i-FKM, kunye ne-NBR

Ii-Elastomers zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okufunekayo ukugcina isitywino phantsi koxinzelelo kunye namaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo. I-Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) yeyona elastomer isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokutya neziselo ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okumangalisayo namanzi ashushu kunye nomphunga, ihlala iphatha amaqondo obushushu aqhubekayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150°C (302°F). Nangona kunjalo, i-EPDM isengozini enkulu yokubola xa ichaphazeleka ngamafutha ezilwanyana, iioyile zemifuno, kunye nee-lubricants ezisekelwe kwi-petroleum, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingafaneleki ekusetyenzisweni kobisi okanye i-oyile etyiwayo.

Irabha yeFluorocarbon (FKM), eyaziwa kakhulu ngamagama emveliso afana neViton, inika ukumelana okuphezulu namafutha, iioyile, kunye neekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, isebenza ngokuthembekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200°C (392°F). Umda wayo ophambili kukungakhuseleki kokuvezwa ixesha elide kwizisombululo zokucoca i-alkaline eshushu kunye nomphunga ococekileyo. Irabha yeNitrile Butadiene (NBR), okanye iBuna-N, isebenza njengendlela engabizi kakhulu yokusetyenziswa kweoyile kunye namafutha kodwa ithintelwe bubushushu obuphantsi obuphezulu bokusebenza obumalunga ne-100°C (212°F), nto leyo ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkqubo zokubulala iintsholongwane kubushushu obuphezulu.

Izixhobo eziqinileyo: i-PTFE, i-UHMW-PE, ikhabhoni, i-silicon carbide, kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo

Ubuso betywina yoomatshini obunamandlazifuna izixhobo ezenzelwe ukuba zithe tyaba kakhulu, zibe lukhuni, kwaye zingabi nangxaki ingako. I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) kunye ne-Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) zibonelela ngokungangeni kakuhle kweekhemikhali kunye nokungqubana okuphantsi, kodwa azinazo izingqiniba zesakhiwo ezifunekayo kwizicelo zokujikeleza ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye ezirhabaxa kakhulu.

Kwizitywini ezijikelezayo ezifuna amandla, iCarbon Graphite, iSilicon Carbide (SiC), kunye neTungsten Carbide (TC) zezona migangatho zoshishino. I-Carbon graphite inika iipropati ezibalaseleyo zokuzithambisa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezimfutshane zokubaleka okomileyo, nangona isengozini yokurhawuzelelwa. ISilicon Carbide iqinile kakhulu kwaye imelana kakhulu nokukrala kunye nokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali, kodwa indalo yayo yokuqhekeka iyenza ibe sesichengeni sokutshatyalaliswa ngoomatshini kunye nobushushu. Intsimbi engatyiwayo (ngesiqhelo i-316L) isetyenziswa rhoqo kwizinto ezijikelezayo kunye neendawo zokuhlala ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, nangona ingasetyenziswa rhoqo njengobuso betywini esetyenziswa kakhulu nxamnye nenye intsimbi ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuqhekeka.

Indlela yokuthelekisa izixhobo zokutywina zePump yebanga lokutya

Ukukhetha izinto ezichanekileyo kufuna uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwendalo ye-physicochemical yepompo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo yokulawula izinto zokunxibelelana kokutya. Izinto ezisebenza ngokungenasiphako ngokwembono yoomatshini zisenokungavumeleki ukuba azinazo iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabathengi.

Iikhrayitheriya eziphambili zokukhetha izinto

Iikhrayitheriya ezisisiseko zokukhetha izinto zesitywina zixhomekeke ekuhambelaneni kweekhemikhali, ukuzinza kobushushu, kunye nokuqina koomatshini. Iinjineli kufuneka zihlole lonke uluhlu lwezinto eziza kudibana nesitywina, ezingabandakanyi kuphela imveliso yokutya ephambili kodwa neekhemikhali ezirhabaxa ezisetyenziswa ngexesha lococeko. Ubuso besitywina kunye nee-elastomers kufuneka zihlale zimelana nezisombululo ze-alkaline ze-Clean-in-Place (CIP) ezinamazinga e-pH aqala kwi-11 ukuya kwi-13, kunye ne-acidic neutralizers, ngaphandle kokufumana ukuwohloka kweekhemikhali okanye ukudumba kwevolumu.

Imida ye-Pressure-Velocity (PV) yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zoomatshini. Ixabiso le-PV limele ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo olusebenza ebusweni besitywina kunye nesantya sokujikeleza kwe-umngxuma wepompoUkudlula umda we-PV wendibaniselwano yezinto ezinikiweyo (umz., iCarbon vs. Stainless Steel) kubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo bokungqubana, okukhokelela ekutshisweni komphunga kwangaphambi kwexesha kwefilimu yolwelo phakathi kobuso besitywini kunye nokusilela okukhawulezileyo okuyingozi.

Imigangatho efanelekileyo: FDA, EC 1935/2004, USP Class VI, kunye no-3-A

Ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho akuxoxiswana ngako xa kusenziwa ukutya neziselo. E-United States, i-FDA iyalela ukhuseleko lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ngeKhowudi yeMigaqo yeSizwe. Ngokukodwa, i-FDA CFR 21.177.2600 iyalela ukuba imida yokukhupha izinto zerabha ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo xa kudibene nokutya okumanzi mayingadluli kwi-20 milligrams nge-square intshi ngexesha leeyure ezi-7 zokuqala zokukhupha. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo mazisetyenziswe kuphela izithako ezivunyiweyo ukuthintela ukuvuza okunobuthi.

EYurophu, i-EC 1935/2004 imisela iimfuno eziphambili zezinto zokudibanisa ukutya, igxininisa ukulandeleka okungqongqo kuyo yonke ikhonkco lokubonelela. Kwizicelo ezinobuzaza kakhulu, ezifana ne-biopharmaceuticals okanye i-nutraceuticals ekhethekileyo, isiqinisekiso se-USP Class VI sihlala sifuneka, esibandakanya uvavanyo oluqinileyo lwe-in-vivo biological reactivity. Ukongeza, i-3-A Sanitary Standards (eyaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela) ayilawuli nje kuphela ukwakheka kwezinto, kodwa noyilo lococeko lwesitywina, iqinisekisa ukuba asinamilenze ifileyo kwaye sinokucocwa ngokuthembekileyo endaweni yaso.

Indlela Iimeko zeNkqubo kunye noLondolozo oluchaphazela ngayo uKhetho lwezinto

Ubomi bokusebenza kwetywina lokupompa ukutya alusoloko lulawulwa kukupompa okuzinzileyo kwemveliso yokutya ngokwayo. Endaweni yoko, uxinzelelo olukhulu lwezinto ezibonakalayo lwenzeka ngexesha leenguqu, ngakumbi ngexesha leenkqubo zokucoca nokubulala iintsholongwane ezigunyaziswe ziinkqubo zokhuseleko lokutya.

Ukuthelekisa izinto nobushushu, imidiya, kunye nemijikelo yokucoca

Iindlela zokucoca kwindawo (CIP) kunye ne-Sterilize-in-Place (SIP) zizisa ukujikeleza kobushushu okunzima kunye nee-oxidizer ezinamandla kwiipompo. Umjikelo we-SIP uhlala utyhila izitywina zangaphakathi kumphunga ogcweleyo kwi-121°C (250°F) imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45. Oku kufuna ii-elastomers ezizinzileyo kubushushu obuphezulu kunye neseti yoxinzelelo oluphantsi; kungenjalo, ii-O-rings ziya kuthamba ngonaphakade, zilahlekelwe ngamandla azo okuvala i-radial xa ipompo ipholile.

Ngaphezu koko, i-media ngokwayo ilawula ukudibana kwe-tribological kwe-mechanical seal ubuso. I-media eqine kakhulu okanye enamathelayo, njenge-syrups ezinzima okanye itshokolethi engamanzi, inokubangela ukuba ii-seal ubuso zinamathele omnye komnye xa ipompo ingasebenzi. Xa iqalisa, i-torque eqhekekayo ingaqhekeza ii-brittle carbon ubuso. Kwezi meko, indibaniselwano yobuso obuqinileyo, efana neSilicon Carbide vs Silicon Carbide (SiC/SiC), idla ngokuchazwa ukuba imelane ne-torque ephezulu kunye ne-abrasive nature ye-media.

Ukulinganisela ixesha lokutywina, ukucoceka, kunye neendleko

Abaphathi beziko kufuneka balinganisele iindleko zokuthenga kwangaphambili zezinto zokutywina zeprimiyamu kunye neendleko zizonke zobunini, ezibandakanya abasebenzi bokulungisa, iindawo zokutshintsha, kunye nexesha lokuvelisa elilahlekileyo. Nangona izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zinokwanela usetyenziso oluphantsi, iindawo zokucubungula eziqhubekayo zifuna izisombululo eziqinileyo zokwandisa i-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF).

Ngokudibanisa izinto ngokwesicwangciso kunye nemveliso kunye nomjikelo wokucoca, izityalo zinokuphucula ukucoceka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa bubomi besitywina. Ukuphucula izinto zibe bubuso obuqinileyo okanye i-elastomer engenakhemikhali kudla ngokuzisa imbuyekezo ekhawulezileyo kutyalo-mali ngokuphelisa ukungenelela okukodwa kokulungisa okungacwangciswanga ngonyaka.

Indlela yokukhetha nokuqinisekisa izinto zokutywina ezifanelekileyo

Ukugqiba iinkcukacha zezinto zokutywina yinxalenye nje yomngeni wobunjineli. Ukuthenga izinto eziyinyani nezihambelanayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwazo ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kokuhlolwa.

Xa izinto zeprimiyamu zifanelekile

Nangona i-EPDM kunye ne-FKM esemgangathweni zigubungela uninzi lweemfuno zokulungisa ukutya, ezinye izicelo ezigqithisileyo zithethelela utyalo-mali kwizixhobo zeprimiyamu ezifana nePerfluoroelastomers (FFKM). Ii-FFKM O-rings zinokubiza ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe kalishumi ukuya kuma-20 kunee-EPDM ezifanayo, nto leyo emele iindleko ezinkulu zangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, zenzelwe ukumelana namaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-327°C (620°F) kwaye zibonelela ngokuhambelana kweekhemikhali phantse kuyo yonke indawo.

Kwimigca yokucubungula eqhubekayo apho ixesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga linokuhlawula ngaphezulu kwe-$10,000 ngeyure kwimveliso elahlekileyo kunye nelahleko, ixabiso eliphezulu lokuqala le-FFKM okanye ubuso beSilicon Carbide obukhethekileyo obunedayimani bunokuthetheleleka ngokulula. Ezi zixhobo zikumgangatho ophezulu zihlala zisetyenziswa kwi-rendering yobushushu obuphezulu, imigca yokupakisha ye-aseptic enamandla, okanye iinkqubo ezisebenzisa ii-sanitizer ze-peracetic acid ezixineneyo ezitshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza ii-elastomers ezincinci.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthenga nokuqinisekiswa ngaphambi kokufakwa

Uthotho lwezinto zokucoca lunokutshintshwa lula zizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinto ezingeyonyani. Ngaphambi kokufakwa,amaqela okugcina nokuqinisekisa umgangathokufuneka enze uhlolo oluqinileyo lokuqinisekisa. Oku kuqala ngeeSatifikethi zokuThotyelwa kweMithetho (CoC) ezifunekayo kunye neengxelo zovavanyo lwezinto ezibonakalayo ezivela kumthengisi, eziqinisekisa ukuba iqela elithile lee-elastomers okanye ubuso besitywina lihlangabezana nemigangatho ye-FDA, 3-A, okanye ye-EC 1935/2004.

Iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa zifuna izibonelelo zokugcina ezi zatifikethi zebhetshi ubuncinane iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5, kuxhomekeke kwimiyalelo yokhuseleko lokutya yengingqi, ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka ngokupheleleyo kwimeko yokuhlolwa okanye ukubuyiselwa kwemveliso. Ukongeza, ukuqinisekiswa ngokomzimba xa kufunyenwe—njengovavanyo lwe-durometer (ubulukhuni) be-elastomers kunye nokuhlolwa ngokubonakalayo kobume bobuso besitywina phantsi kokukhanya okubonakalayo—kuqinisekisa ukuba izinto azizange zonakaliswe ngexesha lokwenziwa okanye ukuhanjiswa. Ukuqinisekiswa okufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba imida yokhuseleko eyenziweyo yesitywina sepompo yenqanaba lokutya ifezekiswa ngokupheleleyo kwimeko yemveliso.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Izigqibo ezibaluleke kakhulu kunye nesizathu sokutywina kwepompo yenqanaba lokutya
• Iinkcukacha, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko okufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele
• Amanyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso abafundi abanokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yeyiphi i-elastomer efanelekileyo kumanzi ashushu kunye nomphunga kwiimpompo zokutya?

I-EPDM idla ngokuba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kumanzi ashushu, umphunga, kunye ne-CIP ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150°C. Yiphephe xa ikwioyile etyiwayo okanye ikwinkonzo yamafutha amaninzi, apho inokonakala ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaba kufuneka ndikhethe i-FKM xa ndisebenzisa ubisi okanye ioyile etyiwayo?

I-FKM idla ngokuba ngcono kune-EPDM kumafutha, iioyile, kunye neekhemikhali ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, jonga ukuba uchaphazeleka zizinto ezishushu zokucoca i-alkaline kunye nomphunga ococekileyo, nto leyo enokunciphisa ubomi be-FKM.

Yeyiphi into yobuso betywina esebenza kakuhle kwiimveliso zokutya ezirhabaxa?

I-silicon carbide lukhetho oluqinileyo kwi-abrasive media efana ne-fruit slurry okanye iswekile ekristalisiweyo. Inika ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiimpompo zococeko ezifuna amandla.

Ndingazi njani ukuba uphawu lokutywina lwepompo lomgangatho wokutya luyahambelana nemigaqo yococeko?

Qinisekisa ukuba izinto ezimanzi ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho oyifunayo yokuqhagamshelana nokutya kwaye ukuba umphezulu ufanelekile ngenxa yococeko, ngesiqhelo malunga ne-0.8 µm Ra okanye ngaphezulu. Kwakhona qinisekisa ukuba ziyahambelana nomjikelo wakho wokucoca.

Ngaba iVictor Seals ingabonelela ngeeseal zepompo yokutya ezihambelana ne-OEM?

Ewe. I-Victor Seals inikezela ngezitywino zoomatshini ezihambelana ne-OEM nezitshintshayo kwiimveliso ezininzi zepompo, inceda amaqela olondolozo ukuba ahambelane nezixhobo zesitywino neemeko zenkqubo yokutya kunye neemfuno zenkonzo.