Isikhokelo Esipheleleyo seMigangatho yeSeal ye-AP|682 yoMatshini

Intshayelelo

I-API 682 ngumgangatho omiselweyo weenkqubo zokuxhasa izitywino zoomatshini kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa izitywino kwizixhobo zokucubungula ipetroli, iikhemikhali kunye negesi, apho ulawulo lokuvuza kunye nexesha lokusebenza kubalulekile. Esi sikhokelo sichaza oko kuthethwa ngumgangatho, isizathu sokuba iimfuno zawo zibalulekile kukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nolawulo lokukhupha ukungcola, kunye nendlela ebumba ngayo ukukhethwa kwezitywino, izicwangciso zemibhobho, izixhobo, kunye novavanyo lweziqinisekiso. Uya kufumana ukuqonda okusebenzayo kwendlela i-API 682 enceda ngayo iinjineli ukuba zihambelane nolungiselelo lwezitywino neemeko zokusebenza, ukunciphisa ukusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha, kunye nokwenza ukusebenza kube semgangathweni kuzo zonke izibonelelo, kubonelela ngesiseko esicacileyo seemfuno ezineenkcukacha kunye nesikhokelo sesicelo esilandelayo.

Kutheni i-API 682 ibalulekile ekuthembekeni kweSeal

Umgangatho we-API 682, okwangoku kuHlelo lwawo lwesine, usebenza njengenkcazo ecacileyo yeizitywino zoomatshinikunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa ukutywina kwi-petroleum, igesi yendalo, kunyeamashishini eekhemikhali. Yasekwa yi-American Petroleum Institute, lo mgangatho ubonelela ngesakhelo esiqinileyo esenzelwe ukwandisa ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuthobela okusingqongileyo kweepompo ze-centrifugal kunye ne-rotary. Injongo esisiseko ye-API 682 kukufezekisa ubuncinci iminyaka emithathu (iiyure ezingama-26,280) yenkonzo eqhubekayo, engaphazanyiswayo ngaphandle kokulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa.

Ngokumisela ubungakanani, izixhobo, kunye neenkqubo zenkxaso, i-API 682 inciphisa iingozi zokuphatha ulwelo oluguquguqukayo okanye oluyingozi. Olu hlengahlengiso luvumela iinjineli zezityalo ukuba zisebenzise izisombululo zokutywina eziqinisekisiweyo kuzo zonke iiparameter zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, ziseka isiseko esifanayo sokusebenza kwetywina loomatshini kuzo zonke izibonelelo zehlabathi.

Indlela i-API 682 ekhokela ngayo ukukhetha isitywina

Ukujonga ubunzima bokukhetha isitywina soomatshini kufuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo, ebonelelwa yi-API 682 ngeetshathi zendlela ezineenkcukacha kunye neendlela zokusebenza. Umgangatho uhlela ukhetho ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zolwelo, uxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nemigaqo yokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, xa ulwelo lwenkqubo lubonisa umda woxinzelelo lomphunga ongaphantsi kwe-0.34 MPa (50 psi), umgangatho ukhokela iinjineli kwimilinganiselo ethile yegumbi lesitywina kunye nezicwangciso zokutshayela ezithintela ukufuma kolwelo ebusweni besitywina.

Le ndlela yokuqinisekisa isusa ukuqikelela okuzimeleyo. Ngokufanisa ubunzima, ubuthi, kunye nobushushu bolwelo olupompelweyo kwiindidi kunye nolungiselelo lwe-API oluchazwe kwangaphambili, iinjineli zokuthembeka zinokuchaza ngokuzithemba izitywino zoomatshini ezifanelekileyo ngokwezibalo nangokwe-empirically kwisicelo.

Iingozi zoshishino zokungalingani kakuhle komgangatho wesitywina

Ukuphambuka kwizikhokelo ze-API 682 kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo ze-hydrocarbon kungenisa iingozi ezinkulu zoshishino kunye nokusebenza. Inkxalabo ephambili kukuwohloka kwe-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF). Izitywino zoomatshini ezingathobeliyo ezisebenza kwiindawo ezinzima zisengozini enkulu yokuguguleka kobuso ngaphambi kwexesha, ukuphazamiseka kobushushu, kunye nokuqhuma okukhulu.

Ngaphaya kweendleko ezikhawulezileyo zokutshintshwa kwezixhobo, ukusilela kwetywina kubangela ukuvuza kweenkqubo eziyingozi. Kwimimandla enyanzelisa imithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo, ukukhutshwa kwe-volatious organic compound (VOC) kufuneka kuhlale kungaphantsi kwe-500 ppmv. Ukudlula le mida ngenxa yezisombululo zokutywina ezingaphantsi komgangatho kubangela izigwebo ezinzima zomthetho. Ngaphezu koko, ixesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga kwindawo yokucoca ephezulu okanye kwisityalo seekhemikhali linokubangela ilahleko yemveliso edlula i-$50,000 ngosuku, nto leyo enciphisa ukonga kokuqala kwemali yokukhetha itywina loomatshini elingahambelani ne-API.

Yintoni echazwa yi-API 682

I-API 682 imisela i-taxonomy ebanzi ehlela izitywino zoomatshini ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwepompo, iiparameter zokusebenza, kunye noyilo olucwangcisiweyo. Umgangatho uchaza ngokungqongqo ubukhulu begumbi lesitywino, uvumela ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo beshaft ukusuka kwi-20 mm ukuya kwi-110 mm (0.75 ukuya kwi-4.3 intshi). Olu mgangatho luqinisekisa ukutshintshwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.abavelisi beempompokwaye yenza kube lula ukulawula isitokhwe kubasebenzisi bokugqibela.

Iintlobo zesitywina, iindidi, kunye neziseko zeziqinisekiso

Umgangatho wohlulahlula izitywino zoomatshini zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili, ezichaza inqanaba lovavanyo, uxwebhu, kunye nemida yokusebenza. Izitywino zodidi 1 zenzelwe iipompo ezingezizo ze-API 610 ezisebenza kumanqanaba obushushu aphakathi (-40°C ukuya kwi-260°C) kunye noxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-2.2 MPa (315 psi). Izitywino zodidi 2 kunye nodidi 3 zenzelwe iipompo ze-API 610, ezisebenza ngamaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo (-40°C ukuya kwi-400°C) kunye noxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-4.2 MPa (600 psi). Udidi 3 lufuna amaxwebhu angqongqo kunye nokulandeleka kwezinto.

Ngaphezu koko, i-API 682 yahlulahlula izitywina zibe ziintlobo ezintathu ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zoyilo. Uhlobo A lune-balanced, in-mounted,isitywino sokutyhala esenziwe ngekhatrijienezipringi ezininzi. Uhlobo B lusebenzisa uyilo lwe-metal bellows, lususa ii-O-rings ezitshintshayo ukuthintela ukuxhonywa kulwelo olushushu kakhulu okanye olunyibilikisa i-crystallizing. Uhlobo C sisitywino se-bellows esishushu kakhulu esinee-elements eziguquguqukayo ezingashukumiyo. Ukuze kufezekiswe isiqinisekiso se-API 682, abathengisi kufuneka bafake ezi ntlobo zesitywino kuvavanyo oluqatha, oluquka iiyure ezili-100 zovavanyo olutshintshayo phantsi kweeparamitha ezisisiseko ezigqithisileyo ukuqinisekisa amazinga okuguguleka kobuso kunye namazinga okuvuza.

Amalungiselelo, imisebenzi yokusebenza, kunye nezicwangciso zombhobho

Ngaphaya kwetywina loomatshini ngokwalo, i-API 682 ichaza amalungiselelo kunye nezicwangciso zokufaka imibhobho ukulawula imeko yokusebenza kwesitywina. Amalungiselelo alawula inani lezitywina kunye nolwalathiso lwazo. Amalungiselelo 1 asebenzisa isitywina esinye, ngelixa Amalungiselelo 2 kunye no-3 asebenzisa izitywina ezimbini kwiindawo ezingacinezelwanga nezicinezelweyo, ngokwahlukeneyo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba la malungiselelo asebenza ngokuchanekileyo, i-API 682 ichaza izicwangciso zemibhobho ezisemgangathweni. Ezi zicwangciso ziyalela indlela ulwelo oluhlanjwayo oluthunyelwa ngayo kwigumbi lokutywina ukulawula ubushushu, ukususa iinxalenye, kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo. Umzekelo, iPlan 11 ihambisa ulwelo ukusuka ekukhutshweni kwepompo ukuya kwisitywina nge-orifice, ngelixa iPlan 53A isebenzisa i-reservoir yangaphandle ecinezelweyo ukubonelela ngolwelo olucocekileyo oluthintelayo kwisitywina esiphindwe kabini se-Arrangement 3. Ukuhambelana ngokuchanekileyo nomsebenzi wokusebenza nolungiselelo olufanelekileyo kunye nesicwangciso sombhobho kubalulekile ekugcineni iifilimu zolwelo ezizinzileyo kumacala onke esitywina.

Indlela yokuthelekisa iinketho ze-API 682 Seal

Ukukhetha ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lwesitywina soomatshini kufuna uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwetyhefu yolwelo lwenkqubo, ukutsha, kunye nemeko yomzimba ngokuchasene nezicwangciso ezintathu eziphambili ze-API 682. Injongo esisiseko kukulawula ukuvuza kwenkqubo ukuya kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo nelihambelanayo ngelixa kulawulwa ubushushu be-tribological obuveliswa kubuso besitywina.

Usebenzisa nini isitywina esinye, esingenaxinzelelo, okanye esinoxinzelelo oluphindwe kabini

Ulungiselelo 1 (isitywina esinye) lolona lungiselelo luqhelekileyo nolunexabiso eliphantsi, olusetyenziswa ikakhulu kulwelo olungenabungozi, olungenabungozi apho ukukhutshwa okuncinci kwegesi okubalekayo kwamkelekile okanye kulawulwa lula. Nangona kunjalo, xa bephatha iikhompawundi ze-organic eziguquguqukayo okanye ulwelo olunokuthambisa okungekho semgangathweni, iinjineli kufuneka zitshintshele kwiisitywina ezimbini.

Ulungiselelo 2 (olunezixinaniso ezimbini) lusebenzisa isitywina sangaphakathi esiphambili kunye nesitywina sangaphandle sesibini. Umngxuma ophakathi kwazo uqulethe ulwelo lwe-buffer olugcinwe kuxinzelelo oluphantsi kunegumbi lesitywina—ngesiqhelo ngaphantsi kwe-0.28 MPa (40 psi). Olu lungiselelo lubonelela ngenkxaso yokhuseleko; ukuba isitywina sokuqala asiphumeleli, isitywina sesibini siqulethe ulwelo lwenkqubo. Ulungiselelo 3 (olunezixinaniso ezimbini) lumiselwe ulwelo olunobungozi okanye olubulalayo. Lusebenzisa ulwelo oluthintelayo olunezixinaniso ezi-0.14 ukuya kwi-0.28 MPa (20 ukuya kwi-40 psi) ngaphezulu koxinzelelo lwegumbi lesitywina, ukuqinisekisa ukuba naluphi na ukuvuza kubuso besitywina sangaphakathi kungena kwinkqubo, okuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kukhutshwa kweenkqubo ngaphandle.

Utshintsho kulawulo lokuvuza, ulawulo lobushushu, kunye nokugcinwa

Ukukhetha phakathi kwezi zicwangciso kubandakanya ukuthengiselana okubalulekileyo kokusebenza. Ilungiselelo lesi-3 libonelela ngeyona nqanaba liphezulu lolawulo lokuvuza kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kodwa ngokusisiseko lixhomekeke ekuthembekeni kwenkqubo yalo yenkxaso yangaphandle. Ukuba inkqubo yolwelo lomqobo weSicwangciso sesi-53 okanye seSicwangciso sesi-54 ilahlekelwa luxinzelelo, itywina leSicwangciso sesi-3 liya kusilela ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yoxinzelelo olubuyela umva.

Ulawulo lobushushu luba nzima ngakumbi ngezivali ezimbini. Ukungqubana okuvela kwiiseti ezimbini zobuso bezivali kuvelisa amandla amakhulu obushushu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho imijikelo yokupholisa eqinileyo. Amanqanaba okuhamba kobushushu kufuneka abalwe ngokuchanekileyo, aqhele ukusuka kwi-4 ukuya kwi-15 L/min kuxhomekeke kwisantya seshaft kunye nokuqhuba kobushushu bezinto zobuso (umz., i-silicon carbide ngokuchasene ne-carbon). Ngenxa yoko, nangona i-Arrangement 3 inciphisa umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo, ifuna ukujongwa okuphezulu kokugcinwa, izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza xa kuthelekiswa ne-Arrangement 1 elula.

Ukuthobela imithetho, Ukuthengwa, kunye nokuhlolwa

Ukufumana isitywina soomatshini esihambelana ne-API 682 yinkqubo enzima edlula lee ekukhetheni inombolo yenxalenye. Umgangatho uyalela iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo, iimfuno ezingqongqo zamaxwebhu omthengisi, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola ezisemthethweni ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza xa kufakelwa.

Iinkcukacha zeenkcukacha kunye namaxwebhu omthengisi

Umjikelo wokuthenga uqala ngephepha ledatha elipheleleyo le-API 682. Iinjineli zokuthembeka kufuneka zizalise olu xwebhu ngeeparameter zenkqubo echanekileyo, kubandakanya umxhuzulane othile wolwelo, uxinzelelo olukhulu lokutywina olunamandla, iiprofayili ze-viscosity, kunye nobukhulu be-casing yepompo. Ukungabikho okanye uqikelelo kwiphepha ledatha kudla ngokukhokelela ekusileleni kwetywina ngaphambi kwexesha.

Abathengisi kufuneka banikezele ngephakheji esemgangathweni yoMzobo kunye neDatha yoMthengisi (VDD). Oku kuquka imizobo yeGeneral Arrangement (GA), iiBills of Materials (BOMs), kunye nezicwangciso zeenkqubo zokuxhasa isitywina esincedisayo. Ngenxa yobunjineli obungqongqo kunye nolawulo lwamaxwebhu olufunekayo, amaxesha okukhokela izitywina zoomatshini zeCandelo lesi-3 ezibhalwe ngokupheleleyo anokuthatha iiveki ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-16. Ukulandeleka kwezinto nako kubaluleke kakhulu; izinto ezibalulekileyo zihlala zifuna isiqinisekiso sezinto ze-EN 10204 Type 3.1 ukuqinisekisa iipropati zesinyithi ngokuchasene nolwelo lwenkqubo yokubola.

Uvavanyo, ukuhlolwa, ukuqinisekiswa kwezixhobo, kunye nokugunyaziswa kwazo

Ngaphambi kokuba isitywino soomatshini siphume kwindawo yokuvelisa, i-API 682 iyalela iikhrayitheriya ezithile zovavanyo kunye nokuhlolwa. Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic lwe-seal gland luyimfuneko, olufuna ukuba icandelo likwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo (MAWP) oluphindwe kayi-1.5 ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngaphandle kokuguquka okanye ukuvuza.

Ukongeza, uvavanyo lomoya lwekhatriji yesitywina yoomatshini ehlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo luqhelekile. Indibano icinezelwa ukuya kwi-0.17 MPa (25 psi) ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwee-O-rings kunye nokudibana kobuso besitywina ngaphambi kokuba kuthunyelwe. Ngexesha lokuqaliswa kwendawo, iinkqubo zokuhlola ziyatshintsha ziye ekuqinisekiseni ukulungelelaniswa kwezicwangciso zangaphandle zepayipi, ziqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo lolwelo oluthintelweyo luthintelwe ngokuchanekileyo kuxinzelelo lwebhokisi yokuzalisa yepompo, kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba zonke izixhobo (ezifana neetransmitter zoxinzelelo kwi-Plan 53B accumulator) zilinganiswe ngokufanelekileyo.

Indlela yokwenza isigqibo esingcono se-API 682

Ukuphucula icebo lokutywina koomatshini phantsi kwe-API 682 kufuna uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lweendleko zomjikelo wobomi (LCC). Abenzi bezigqibo kufuneka balinganisele inkcitho yokuqala yenkunzi (i-CAPEX) kunye nenkcitho yokusebenza yexesha elide (i-OPEX), baqwalasele amaxesha okugcinwa, iindleko zokuthwala impahla, kunye namathuba okuba zingaphumeleli.

Amanyathelo asebenzayo okuhambelana nemigangatho neemfuno zesicelo

Inyathelo elisebenzayo ekufaniseni imigangatho ye-API 682 neemfuno zesicelo kukudibanisa ngokungqongqo umda othile womxhuzulane kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga wolwelo lwenkqubo. Ukuchaza ngokugqithisileyo isitywina yimpazamo eqhelekileyo nebiza kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukungasebenzisi isitywina seCandelo lesi-3 kwisicelo esiphakathi kubonelela ngeendleko zobunjineli ezingafunekiyo, njengoko izitywina zeCandelo lesi-3 zihlala zibiza iprimiyamu yeendleko ezingama-25% ukuya kuma-40% xa kuthelekiswa nezilinganiso zeCandelo lesi-2 ngenxa yeemfuno ezininzi zokufaneleka kunye novavanyo.

Iinjineli kufuneka zivavanye imfuneko yokwenyani yamalungiselelo antsonkothileyo asekelwe kwimigaqo yokusingqongileyo kunye nobuthi bolwelo. Ukusebenzisa amaphepha edatha asemgangathweni kuqinisekisa ukuba abathengisi bacaphula izisombululo ezifanayo, okuvumela amaqela okuthenga ukuba avavanye ubuhle bobuchwephesha endaweni yexabiso eliphantsi lokuqala.

Ukulinganisela ukuthobela imithetho, ukuthembeka, kunye neendleko

Ukufezekisa usukelo olusisiseko lwe-API 682 lweeyure ezingama-26,280 ze-MTBF kufuna umbono opheleleyo wenkqubo yokupompa. Ngelixa izitywino zoomatshini ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zinokubonakala ziyimfuneko kwizicelo zecala elingasecaleni, ukungaguquki kwimimiselo ye-API eqhelekileyo nanini na xa kunokwenzeka kuvelisa iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza. Izitywino zekhatriji ezisemgangathweni zinciphisa iindleko zokuthwala izinto, zivumela ubungakanani obuncinci beodolo (ii-MOQ) zeyunithi enye, kwaye zikhawulezisa kakhulu amaxesha okutshintshwa ngexesha lokucima okungacwangciswanga.

Ekugqibeleni, isigqibo esingcono se-API 682 seso siphatha isitywina soomatshini kunye nenkqubo yaso yokuxhasa njengeyunithi edibeneyo. Ngokulinganisa iimfuno zokuthobela imithetho eqinileyo ngokuchasene neemfuno zokuthembeka zangempela zenkqubo,izibonelelo zoshishinoinokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo, ikhusele izixhobo ezijikelezayo, kwaye ifezekise imijikelo yokulungisa eqikelelweyo nengabizi kakhulu.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kunye nesizathu seTyikityi yoMatshini
• Iinkcukacha, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko okufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele
• Amanyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso abafundi abanokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni i-API 682 kwiitywina zoomatshini?

I-API 682 yeyona migangatho iphambili yeempawu zoomatshini kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa ezisetyenziswa kwiimpompo kwinkonzo yeoyile, igesi kunye neekhemikhali. Inceda ukuphucula ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nolawulo lokukhutshwa komoya.

I-API 682 inceda njani ekukhetheni isitywina esifanelekileyo soomatshini?

Ihambelana nohlobo lwesitywino, ulungiselelo, kunye nesicwangciso sokugungxula kwiimpawu zolwelo, uxinzelelo, kunye nobushushu. Oku kunciphisa ukuqikelela kwaye kunceda amaqela okulungisa akhethe ukuseta isitywino esiqinisekisiweyo.

Ziziphi iindidi eziphambili ze-API 682 seal?

Udidi 1 luhambelana neempompo ezininzi ezingezizo ze-API 610, ngelixa udidi 2 nolwesi-3 zezemisebenzi enzima ye-API 610. Udidi oluphezulu ludla ngokufuna uvavanyo olungqongqo, ulawulo lwezinto, kunye namaxwebhu.

Ngaba iVictor Seals inokubonelela ngee-API 682-replacement seals?

Ewe. I-Victor Seals yenza uluhlu olubanzi lwezitywino zoomatshini kunye nezinye ezitshintshayo ezihambelana ne-OEM kwiimpawu ezininzi zepompo, zixhasa iimfuno zokulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kwepompo yemizi-mveliso.

Kutheni ukuthobela i-API 682 kubalulekile kwiimpompo zokucoca kunye neekhemikhali?

Ukuthobela ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvuza, kuphucula ubomi bokuvala, kwaye kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwiincindi eziyingozi, ezitshayo, okanye ezishushu kakhulu apho iindleko zokusilela ziphezulu.