Ukusilela kweSeal yoMechanical okanye ukungaphumeleli kweBearing? Ungayifumana njani ngokukhawuleza

Ukusilela kweTywina yoMatshini vs Ukungaphumeleli kweBearing

Kwizixhobo ezijikelezayo ezifana neempompo ze-centrifugal, ii-compressors, kunye nee-agitators zoshishino, umda phakathiukusilela kwesitywina soomatshinikwaye ukusilela kwebhereji kuhlala kufiphale ngenxa yeempawu ezihambelanayo. Zombini ezi nxalenye zineshaft efanayo yomzimba kwaye zisebenza kufutshane, oko kuthetha ukuba ukonakala kwenye kudla ngokukhawulezisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwenye. Kwiinjineli zokuthembeka kunye neengcali zokulungisa, ukwahlula unobangela wobushushu obugqithisileyo, ukungcangcazela okungaqhelekanga, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okungaguqukiyo ngumceli mngeni obalulekileyo wokuxilongwa.

Ukungazifumani kakuhle ezi mpazamo kukhokelela ekulungisweni okungasebenzi kakuhle, ukudilizwa okuphindaphindiweyo, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemveliso ixesha elide. Kwimizi-mveliso enzima efana nokucocwa kwe-petrochemical okanye ukuvelisa i-pulp kunye nephepha, ixesha lokungasebenzi elicwangcisiweyo linokubangela iindleko eziqala kwi-$10,000 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-$50,000 ngeyure. Ngenxa yoko, ukumisela inkqubo yokuxilonga engqongqo, esekelwe kubungqina kubalulekile ekuhlukaniseni icandelo elingasebenziyo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu wesibini.

Kutheni ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kukhusela ixesha lokusebenza

Injongo ephambili yokuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kukuthintela iindlela zokungaphumeleli kwe-cascading ezihambelana noomatshini abajikelezayo. Itywina loomatshini kunye nebheyaringi zikhona kubudlelwane be-symbiotic mechanical; ibheyaringi kufuneka igcine uzinzo lwe-rotor ukuvumela ubuso betywina ukuba bulandelele ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa itywina loomatshini kufuneka libe nolwelo lwenkqubo ukuthintela ungcoliseko lwenkqubo yokuthambisa yebheyaringi.

Xa i-bearing iqala ukuqhekeka okanye ilahleke kwiindawo zayo zangaphakathi, ivumela ukuphambuka okukhulu kwe-shaft. Ukuba ukugeleza kwe-radial kudlula ukunyamezelana kwe-mechanical seal okuqhelekileyo—okudla ngokuba nzima njenge-0.002 intshi (0.05 mm)—ii-O-rings eziguqukayo ziya kurhawuzelela, kwaye ubuso be-rigid seal buya kuqhekeka okanye buhlukane, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvuthweni kolwelo ngoko nangoko. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukusilela kwe-mechanical seal ephambili efafaza i-corrosive okanye i-abrasive process fluid kwi-bearing housing kuya kutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza i-lubrication yeoyile yokuthambisa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ii-bearing zibambe kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ukuchonga i-initiative component kuyayimisa le loop itshabalalisayo.

Xa iimpawu zokuqala zifuna ukulawulwa kokulungiswa kwengxaki

Ayizizo zonke iimpawu ezifuna ukuvalwa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha likaxakeka; ezinye zifuna ukusombulula iingxaki ngendlela elawulwayo necwangcisiweyo ngelixa izixhobo zisebenza kwi-intanethi. Ukonakala kwasekuqaleni kudla ngokubonakala njengotshintsho oluncinci kwidatha yokujonga imeko kunomonakalo obonakalayo womzimba. Xa izinzwa zibona ukuphambuka okusisiseko, amaqela okuxilonga kufuneka aqalise uphando olucwangcisiweyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inkqubo ngokungeyomfuneko.

Umzekelo, ukunyuka kancinci kancinci kobushushu bendlu yeebheringi kufikelela kwi-180°F (82°C) okanye utshintsho kwisantya sokungcangcazela esigqitha i-0.15 in/s RMS lubonisa ukungaqheleki okuvelayo. Kweli nqanaba, iingcali zinokwenza ngokukhuselekileyo uhlalutyo lokungcangcazela olunesisombululo esiphezulu, i-thermography, kunye ne-oyile sampling. Ukulungisa iingxaki ngokulawulwayo kuvumela indawo ukuba ikhusele iindawo ezitshintshwayo, icwangcise ukucima ngabom, kwaye ilungiselele iinkqubo ezifunekayo zokutshixa/ukuphuma (LOTO), ngaloo ndlela iguqula ukusilela okungalindelekanga kube sisiganeko sokulungisa esilawulwayo.

Imida yokusilela kunye nomahluko ophambili

Ukuze bachonge ngokuchanekileyo ingxaki yezixhobo, iingcali kufuneka ziqale ziqonde imida yokusebenza eyahlukileyo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza zombini isitywina soomatshini kunye nendibano yokuthwala. Ngelixa besebenza kwindibano enye ejikelezayo, iiparameter zoyilo lwabo, imida yokusilela, kunye neempendulo zomzimba kuxinzelelo lwenkqubo zahlukile kakhulu.

Isitywino soomatshiniisixhobo esichanekileyo sokugcina ulweloUkuthembela kwiindawo ezivulekileyo ngemicroscopic, ngelixa i-bearing iyinxalenye yokuhambisa umthwalo eyenzelwe ukusingatha amandla oomatshini anzima. Ukuqonda apho isiphelo se-fluid dynamics kunye ne-structural mechanics ziqala khona sisiseko sokuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwentsimi.

Oko kukhuselwa sisitywina soomatshini

Itywina loomatshini lisebenza njengomqobo oyintloko phakathi kolwelo lwenkqubo yangaphakathi kunye nomoya wangaphandle. Umsebenzi walo ophambili ufezekiswa ngobuso obubini betywina obucociweyo kakhulu—obunye obungashukumiyo nobunye obujikelezayo—bucinezelwe kunye yingcinezelo yasentwasahlobo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic. Ezi buso azihambi zomile ngokupheleleyo; zixhomekeke kwifilimu yolwelo oluncinci, oluhlala lulinganisa phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-3 microns ngobukhulu, ukubonelela ngokuthambisa nokuphola.

Ngenxa yokuba isitywino soomatshini sisebenza ngolu hlobo lokukhupha amanzi, sinobuthathaka kakhulu kwiimeko zolwelo. Sikhusela okusingqongileyo ekukhutshweni kweekhemikhali eziyingozi kwaye sikhusela inkqubo ekungcolisweni komoya. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kulwelo lwenkqubo olusele ngaphakathi kobushushu obuthile, uxinzelelo, kunye neeparameter zomphunga. Xa isitywino soomatshini singaphumeleli, isiphumo esiphambili kukulahlekelwa kukugcinwa, okubonakala njengokuvuza okubonakalayo, amafu omphunga, okanye ukwehla koxinzelelo lolwelo lomqobo kwiindawo ezimbini zokumiswa.

Hayi indlela exhasa ngayo ibhereyitha

Iibheringi zenzelwe ukuxhasa umngxuma ojikelezayo, ukulawula zombini imithwalo ye-radial (ethe nkqo kwi-shaft) kunye nemithwalo ye-axial thrust (ehambelana ne-shaft). Ngokugcina i-rotor kwiziko layo elichanekileyo lejometri, iibheringi ziqinisekisa ukuba ii-impellers azidibani nee-casings kwaye ubuso be-mechanical seal buhlala bulungelelene. Iibheringi zezinto eziqengqelekayo ze-industrial zenzelwe ubomi obuthile bokudinwa be-L10, ezihlala zibalwa phakathi kweeyure zokusebenza ezingama-25,000 kunye nama-50,000 phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zokuthambisa kunye nomthwalo.

Ngokungafaniyo nezitywini, iibheringi azivezwa ngqo kulwelo lwenkqubo. Indawo ezikuyo iqulathe indlu egcwele ioyile yokuthambisa okanye igrisi. Impilo yebheringi ixhomekeke ekugcineni ifilimu yokuthambisa eqhubekayo ye-elastohydrodynamic phakathi kwezinto eziqengqelekayo kunye neendlela zomdyarho. Xa ibheringi isilela, ilahlekelwa ngamandla ayo okuthintela umngxuma, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyukeni kokungqubana koomatshini, ukuveliswa kobushushu ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokungcangcazela okuphezulu njengoko iindawo zangaphakathi zisanda ngaphaya kwemida yoyilo.

Iimpawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwetywina loomatshini xa kuthelekiswa nebhereyitha

Ukwahlula phakathi kweempawu ezibonakalayo zokutywina kunye nokusilela kwebhere kufuna ubungqina obuhambelanayo bokubona, bokuva, kunye nobobushushu. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zinto zigcinwe kufutshane, ubushushu kunye nengxolo zinokudlula ngokulula kwisingxobo sesixhobo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuhlalutya iimpawu ezizodwa.

Le matrix yokuthelekisa inika isiseko sokujonga intsimi. Umzekelo, ukuba ingcali ibona ukunyuka kobushushu kwindawo ethile kwi-seal gland kunye nesandi sokuphuma, ifilimu yolwelo phakathi kobuso be-seal isenokuba ngumphunga (iyatshanya). Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba ubushushu bugxininiswe kwindawo ye-bearing kunye nesandi sokuduma esihambelanayo, ifilimu yokuthambisa ye-bearing isenokuba iwele, iqalise unxibelelwano lwentsimbi nesinyithi.

Inkqubo Yokuxilonga Intsimi

Ukuguqulela umahluko wethiyori ube kuvavanyo lwentsimi olusebenzayo kufuna indlela yokuhlola ecwangcisiweyo. Inkqubo yokuxilonga kufuneka iqhubeke ukusuka ekubonweni kwangaphandle okungaphazamisiyo ukuya kumlinganiselo okhethekileyo, oqhutywa zizixhobo. Ukutsibela ngoko nangoko ukuya ekuqhekekeni okungafunekiyo kutshabalalisa ubungqina obubalulekileyo obubonakalayo kwaye kwandisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo.

Ukuxilongwa okungqongqo kwentsimi kusebenzisa izixhobo ezilungisiweyo ukuze kubanjwe iimpawu zokungcangcazela, ii-gradients zobushushu, kunye ne-fluid dynamics. Ngokubala iimpawu, amaqela okuthembeka anokuchonga imvelaphi yokusilela ngokuzithemba okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba akhulule i-flange enye.

Ulandelelwano lokuhlolwa kwempendulo yokuqala

Ulandelelwano lwempendulo yokuqala luxhomekeke ekuqwalaselweni kweemvakalelo okongeziweyo zizixhobo ezisisiseko zokuxilonga. Iingcali kufuneka ziqale ngokuhlola ngokubonakalayo i-seal gland, indawo yokuthwala, kunye ne-baseplate. I-metric ebalulekileyo yizinga lokuvuza elichanekileyo; ngelixa i-isitywino soomatshini esisempilweniinokukhupha umphunga ongabonakaliyo, isitywino esingasebenziyo siya kubangela ukulahleka kolwelo okunokulinganiswa. Izinga lokuvuza elibonakalayo elidlula amathontsi angama-60 ngomzuzu ngumlinganiselo oqhelekileyo obonisa ukuwohloka okukhulu kobuso besitywino okanye ukungaphumeleli kwe-O-ring yesibini.

Emva kokujonga okubonakalayo, iingcali kufuneka zisebenzise i-infrared (IR) thermography ukulinganisa i-gradient yobushushu kwi-casing yepompo. Inkqubo ephilileyo iya kubonisa utshintsho oluthambileyo lobushushu ukusuka kubushushu benkqubo yolwelo ukuya kwi-bearing housing. I-thermal spike ebukhali, ehlukanisiweyo kwi-seal gland ikhomba ukungqubana okujongeneyo, ngelixa i-hotspot egxile kwi-thrust bearing ibonisa ingxaki yokuthambisa okanye ukugqithisa. Okokugqibela, uvavanyo lwe-acoustic emission lunokubona amaza oxinzelelo lwe-ultrasonic aphindaphindayo, luchonge i-microscopic bearing spalling okanye i-seal face dry-running ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ukuva komntu kufumanise i-anomaly.

Imilinganiselo yokusilela kwetywina loomatshini

Ukwahlula ukusilela kwesitywina soomatshiniifuna ukulinganisa iimeko zenkqubo yayo yokuxhasa kunye nemeko eguquguqukayo yegumbi lokutywina. Kwiimpompo ezixhotyiswe ngezicwangciso zokutywina ze-API 682 (ezifana neSicwangciso 11, 52, okanye 53), iingcali kufuneka ziqinisekise amazinga okuhamba, umahluko woxinzelelo, kunye namanqanaba edama. Ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwedama lokutywina lweSicwangciso 53 kubonisa ukuba ubuso bedama lokutywina buvulekile, okuvumela ulwelo lokuthintelwa ukuba luphosele kumjelo wenkqubo.

Ukongeza, ukulinganisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwigumbi lokutywina ngokwalo kubalulekile. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegumbi lokutywina luwela ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lomphunga wolwelo olupompelweyo, ulwelo luya kuba ngumphunga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubuso besitywina busebenze buphele kwaye buqhekeke. Iingcali kufuneka zilinganise ukuphambuka kwe-radial shaft kufutshane ne-seal gland zisebenzisa izalathisi ze-dial ngexesha lokujikeleza okufutshane ngesandla (ukuba kukhuselekile kwaye kuyasebenza); ukuphambuka okungaphezulu kwe-0.003 intshi (0.075 mm) kubonisa ukuba ukungazinzi koomatshini kutshabalalisa ubuso besitywina ngokukhutheleyo.

Imilinganiselo yokusilela kweebhereyitha

Ukuxilongwa kweebhearing kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuhlalutyo lokungcangcazela kunye ne-tribology. Besebenzisa ii-accelerometers, abahlalutyi babamba i-vibration spectrum ukuze babone ii-fault frequency ezithile. Ii-rolling element bearings zivelisa ii-frequency ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwi-geometry yazo: i-Ball Pass Frequency Outer (BPFO), i-Ball Pass Frequency Inner (BPFI), i-Ball Spin Frequency (BSF), kunye ne-Fundamental Train Frequency (FTF). Ubukho beencochoyi ezingahambelaniyo nezi frequency zibaliweyo bubonelela ubungqina obucacileyo bomonakalo we-bearing raceway okanye i-rolling element.

Kwangaxeshanye, uhlalutyo lweoyile lubonelela ngembali yeekhemikhali kunye neenxalenye ezithile zempilo yebhereyi. Iingcali kufuneka zikhuphe isampuli ephilayo kwi-bearing sump kwaye ziyihlalutye ukuze zibone ukuba zigugile okanye azinamsebenzi kwaye azinakonakala. Ukufezekisa iinjongo zococeko ze-ISO 4406 (ezidla ngokuba yi-16/14/11 kwiimpompo zoshishino) kubalulekile. Ukunyuka ngequbuliso kwamasuntswana e-ferrous, ubhedu, okanye utshintsho olukhulu kwiNombolo ye-Acid ye-Oli (i-TAN) kuqinisekisa ukuba ibhereyi ichitha izinto kwaye ifuna ukutshintshwa ngoko nangoko, nokuba imeko yesitywina somatshini injani na.

Iimeko Zokusebenza Ezidala Iimpawu Ezifanayo

Kwiimeko ezininzi zokuxilonga, imbangela yokungaphumeleli ayikho kwitywina loomatshini okanye kwibheri ngokwayo. Endaweni yoko, iimeko ezimbi zokusebenza kunye neengxaki ze-hydraulic zenkqubo zinamandla atshabalalisayo ahlasela zombini izinto ngaxeshanye.

Ezi ngxaki zenkqubo zidala iimpawu ezididayo kakhulu, zihlala zilinganisa iimpawu ezithile zokusilela kwezixhobo ngazinye. Ukuchonga ezi mpazamo ziphambili zokusebenza kubalulekile; ukutshintsha isitywina esiqhekekileyo okanye ibhere eliqhekekileyo ngaphandle kokujongana nesizathu se-hydraulic okanye se-mechanical kuqinisekisa ukungaphumeleli okuphindaphindiweyo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukucambalala, ukufunxa ukutya, ukungalungelelani kakuhle, kunye nonyawo oluthambileyo

Ukungazinzi kwe-hydraulic yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwecandelo ngaxeshanye. Ukuqhekeka kwe-cavitation kwenzeka xa i-Net Positive Suction Head ekhoyo (NPSHa) iwela ngaphantsi kwe-Net Positive Suction Head efunekayo (NPSHr) yipompo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amaqamza omphunga akheke aze aqhume ngamandla. Indlela efanelekileyo yobunjineli ifuna umda we-NPSH ubuncinane ongama-3 ukuya kuma-5 eenyawo ukuthintela oku. Ukuqhekeka kwe-cavitation kuvelisa ukungcangcazela okukhulu, okungahleliweyo okuphezulu okuvakala ngathi kukupompa igrabile; oku kuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic shockubuso besitywino soomatshini obubuthathakakwaye ngaxeshanye baqhoboshe izinto eziqengqelekayo ezithwala imithwalo ngokuchasene neendlela zabo zomdyarho.

Ngokufanayo, ukungalingani koomatshini phakathi kwemoto kunye nezixhobo eziqhutywayo kuyayicinezela yonke i-rotor. Ukuba ukungalingani okuhambayo kudlula i-0.005 intshi (0.127 mm), umzuzu wokugoba ophumayo unyanzela ishaft ukuba igobe kabini ngokujikeleza ngakunye. Oku kugoba rhoqo kuvula ubuso besitywino soomatshini, okubangela ukuvuza kwenkqubo, ngelixa ngaxeshanye kubeka imithwalo emikhulu yeradial yokwenziwa kwiibheringi, okukhokelela ekudinweni kwangaphambili kunye nokushisa kakhulu. Unyawo oluthambileyo—apho isiseko sesixhobo singahlali tyaba kwisiseko—ludala ukuphambuka okufanayo xa iibholiti zokufaka ziqinisiwe.

Iimpazamo zokuthambisa, ulwelo olungcolisiweyo, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo

Ungcoliseko kunye neendlela zokuthambisa ezingafanelekanga zihlala zibonakala njengeziphene zenxalenye. Ukuthambisa kakhulu i-bearing yimpazamo eqhelekileyo yokulungisa ekhokelela ekutshixeni kakhulu kwe-lubricant. Oku kutshixa kubangela ukungqubana okukhulu kwangaphakathi, okubangela ukuba amaqondo obushushu e-bearing anyuke ngaphezu kwama-200°F (93°C). Ingcali isenokujonga olu bushushu njenge-bearing engasebenzi kakuhle, ngelixa eneneni, i-bearing iphilile ngokwesakhiwo kodwa ifuthanisekile ngubushushu.

Kwicala lesitywino, ulwelo lwenkqubo olungcolisiweyo lubangela umonakalo kwiindawo ezichanekileyo. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo ludlula iiparameter zoyilo lwesitywino—ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphaya kwe-300 ppm kwiitywina ezisemgangathweni ezingatshatanga—i-particle iya kungena kwifilimu yolwelo oluncinci. Olu daka olurhabaxa luhambisa ubuso bekhabhoni, luvelise ubushushu obukhulu bendawo kunye nokukhwaza okuphezulu okunokufunyanwa ngokulula njengengxolo yekheyiji yokuthwala. Ukuqinisekisa izicwangciso zokuhlanjwa okucocekileyo (njenge-API Plan 32) kubalulekile ekwahlukaniseni ungcoliseko lolwelo nokusilela koomatshini.

I-root-cause matrix yeempawu ezibonisiweyo

Ukuze baqonde ezi mpawu zidibanayo, amaqela okuthembeka asebenzisa i-root-cause matrix ukulinganisa ukujongwa kwentsimi ukuya kwimvelaphi yazo enokwenzeka.

Ngokusebenzisa le matrix, ingcali yokuxilonga inokujonga ngaphaya komonakalo okhawulezileyo. Ukuba zombini isitywina siyavuza kwaye ibheyiri iyangcangcazela ngesantya sokujika esiphindwe kabini, i-matrix ikhomba ngokucacileyo ukungalungelelani endaweni yokusilela ngaxeshanye, okuzimeleyo kwamacandelo omabini.

Izigqibo zokulungisa, zokutshintsha, kunye nezokuyeka ukusebenza

Eyona njongo iphambili yenkqubo yokuxilonga kukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi nesilungileyo malunga nokusebenza kwezixhobo. Nje ukuba idatha iqokelelwe kwaye unobangela uchongiwe, abaphathi bezityalo kufuneka bagqibe ekubeni bazame ukulungisa kwi-intanethi, bacwangcise ukutshintshwa kwexesha elifutshane, okanye benze i-E-stop ngoko nangoko ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli okukhulu.

Ezi zigqibo zokumisa zilawulwa yimigangatho yeshishini emiselweyo, imithetho yokusingqongileyo, kunye nefuthe lezemali lokutshatyalaliswa kwezixhobo. Kufuneka kuchazwe imida ecacileyo ukuze kususwe ukungacaci kwiindlela zokulungisa.

Xa ukutshintshwa kwesitywina soomatshini kufanelekile

Ukutshintsha isitywino soomatshiniiyafaneleka xa umsebenzi wayo oyintloko—ukuthintela—uphazamiseka ngokungenakulungiseka kwaye awunakulungiswa ngokulungisa izicwangciso zokugungxula okanye iiparameter zokusebenza. Kwiimpompo eziphatha iikhompawundi ze-organic eziyingozi okanye eziguquguqukayo (ii-VOC), imimiselo yokusingqongileyo kunye nemigangatho ye-API 682 ziyalela imida engqongqo yokuvuza. Ukuba ukukhutshwa kwe-VOC kudlula imiqathango yomthetho yendawo (ehlala ilinganiswa kwi-<5.6 grams ngeyure okanye nge-ppm sniffers), isitywino kufuneka sitshintshwe ngoko nangoko ukuze kugcinwe ukuthotyelwa.

Ngaphaya kokuthobela indalo, umonakalo obonakalayo kubuso besitywini uvumela ukutshintshwa. Ukuba ukudilika okanye ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kutyhila ubuso bekhabhoni obunamabala, ukugoba okunzulu okuxineneyo, okanye i-silicon carbide ejongwe kubushushu, isitywini asizukusindiswa. Ukuzama ukusebenzisa isitywini esinobuso obuqhekekileyo akuyi kubangela kuphela ilahleko enkulu yemveliso kodwa kuya kufikelela kwi-pump shaft sleeve, kunyuse ukutshintshwa kwesitywini okuqhelekileyo kwe-$2,000 ukuya kulungiso lwe-shaft kunye ne-rotor ye-$15,000.

Xa ukutshintshwa kweebheringi kufanelekile

Ukutshintshwa kweebheringi kuyafaneleka ngokuqinisekileyo xa iimpawu zokungcangcazela zibonisa ukudinwa okuphambili komhlaba okanye xa uhlalutyo lokuthambisa luqinisekisa ukuguguleka okukhulu kwesinyithi. Imigangatho yoshishino, efana ne-ISO 10816-3, inika imida ecacileyo. Ukuba ipompo yemizi-mveliso eqinisiweyo ingena kwiZone C okanye kwiZone D—ehlala ibonakaliswa kukungcangcazela okungaphezulu kwe-0.28 in/s RMS (7.1 mm/s)—ibheringi yonakele kakhulu kwaye ibeka umngcipheko kumatshini wonke.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuba uhlalutyo lweoyile lubonisa ukunyuka ngequbuliso kwezinto ezincinci, njengokwanda kwe->10 ppm kwisinyithi okanye ubhedu phakathi kweesampuli zenyanga, ikheji yeebheringi okanye indlela yokukhwela ihashe iyaqhekeka. Kweli nqanaba, ukongeza ioyile entsha akuncedi nganto. Ibheringi kufuneka itshintshwe ngaphambi kokuba izinto eziqengqelekayo zivaleke ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ishaft ichebe okanye injini igqithise kwaye ikhubeke.

Umthi wezigqibo zezenzo zokuyeka ukuqhuba

Ukuze kulungiswe iimpendulo kuzo zonke iishifti kunye nabasebenzi, amaziko kufuneka asebenzise umthi wesigqibo oqinileyo wezenzo zokumisa. Ukuba umatshini ubonisa ukungcangcazela ngequbuliso okuwela umda we-alamu, kunye nobushushu bendlu yeebhereyitha obunyuka ngokukhawuleza kune-2°F (1°C) ngomzuzu, umqhubi kufuneka amise ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunyuka ngokukhawuleza kubonisa ukubanjwa kweebhereyitha okuzayo okanye ukuqhushumba okukhulu kwetywina.

Ukuba iimpawu aziguquki kodwa azikho ngokweenkcukacha—njengokutywinwa koomatshini okuvuza amaconsi angama-30 ngomzuzu wamanzi angengobungozi, kunye nokungcangcazela kwebhereyitha kwindawo “yesilumkiso” (umz., i-0.18 in/s RMS)—izixhobo zingahlala zikwi-intanethi phantsi kweliso elibukhali. Kule meko, umthi wesigqibo uyalela ukuba kucwangciswe ukucima kolondolozo kwiiyure ezingama-72. Le ndlela icwangcisiweyo ilungelelanisa igunya lokukhusela izixhobo ezinkulu ezibizayo kunye nesidingo sezorhwebo sokugcina ixesha lokuvelisa lisebenza.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Qala ukuxilongwa ngokuchonga ubungqina bokuqala obungaqhelekanga, obufana nokuvuza, ukunyuka kobushushu beebheringi, utshintsho lokungcangcazela, ukungcola kweoyile, okanye ukuvuza kweshaft.
• Phatha amaqondo obushushu endlu yeebheringi kufutshane ne-180°F (82°C) kunye nesantya sokungcangcazela esingaphezulu kwe-0.15 in/s RMS njengemida yesilumkiso sasekuqaleni yokusombulula iingxaki ezilawulwayo.
• Jonga ukutyibilika kweshaft kuba ukuhamba ngaphaya kwee-intshi ezingama-0.002 (0.05 mm) kunokonakalisa ubuso be-seal kunye nee-O-rings eziguqukayo.
• Hlola imeko yokuthambisa xa itywina loomatshini livuza, kuba ungcoliseko lolwelo lwenkqubo lunokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza i-oyile viscosity kwaye lutshabalalise iibheringi.
• Kuphephe ukutshintsha kuphela into eyonakeleyo ebonakalayo de uqinisekise ukuba isitywino okanye ibheri yayiyeyona nto ibangele ukusilela kokuqala.
• Sebenzisa uhlalutyo lokungcangcazela, i-thermography, i-oyile sampling, kunye nokuhlolwa kwetywina ebonakalayo kunye ukuthintela ukulungiswa okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Ndingayazi njani ukuba ingxaki yepompo iqale ngesitywino soomatshini okanye ibheri?

Khangela utshintsho lokuqala olunokulinganiswa: ukuvuza kwetywina, ungcoliseko lweoyile, indlela yokungcangcazela, ukuchitheka kweshaft, okanye ubushushu beebheringi. Ukungakhululeki kweebheringi kudla ngokubangela intshukumo yeshaft eyonakalisa ubuso beetywina, ngelixa ukuvuza kwetywina kunokungcolisa ukuthambisa kwaye kutshabalalise iibheringi ngokukhawuleza.

Luluphi ubushushu obufanele bubangele ukusombulula ingxaki?

Ubushushu bendlu ejikelezileyo obufikelela kwi-180°F (82°C) luphawu lwesilumkiso. Akusoloko kufuna ukuvalwa kwangoko, kodwa kufuneka kuqalise ukujonga okulawulwayo okufana ne-thermography, uhlalutyo lokungcangcazela, ukuhlolwa kokuthambisa, kunye nokuhlolwa kweemeko zokusebenza.

Ngaba isitywino soomatshini esingasebenziyo sinokubangela ukungaphumeleli kweebheringi?

Ewe. Ukuba ulwelo olusetyenziswayo luvuza lungena kwindawo yokubeka iibheringi okanye luhlambulula i-lubricant, i-oyile viscosity kunye nococeko zinokonakala ngokukhawuleza. Ulwelo olubolayo okanye olurhabaxa lunokukhawuleza ukuguguleka kwaye lubangele ukuba ibheringi ishushu kakhulu okanye ibambeke.

Ngaba ukusilela kweebheringi kungonakalisa isitywina soomatshini?

Ewe. Iibheringi ezigugileyo okanye ezikhululekileyo zivumela ukuphambuka okukhulu kweshaft kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi. Ukuba intshukumo idlula ukunyamezelana kwetywina eliqinileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-0.05 mm, ubuso betywina bunokuqhekeka, buhlukane, okanye buvuza.

Ngawaphi amanqanaba okungcangcazela abonisa ingxaki evelayo?

Utshintsho olungaphezulu kwe-0.15 in/s RMS kwisantya sokungcangcazela ngokubanzi kufuneka luthathwe njengesilumkiso sasekuqaleni. Sebenzisa uhlalutyo lokungcangcazela olunesisombululo esiphezulu ukuze wahlule ukungalingani, ukungalungi kakuhle, ukukhululeka, iziphene zeebheringi, kunye nokungazinzi okunxulumene nesitywina.