Indlela yokukhetha iTywina loMechanical kwiiNkqubo zePump zeKhemikhali

Indlela Ukukhethwa Kwesitywina Soomatshini Okuyichaphazela Ngayo Ukuthembeka Kweempompo Zekhemikhali

Kwiindawo zokucubungula iikhemikhali,izitywino zoomatshinizisebenza njengokhuselo oluphambili ekulahlekelweni kolwelo oluyingozi, ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo. Unxibelelwano phakathi kweshaft yepompo ejikelezayo kunye nebhokisi yepompo engashukumiyo lubonisa umda osengozini enkulu apho iikhemikhali ezinamandla zinokuphuma ngokulula ukuba azigcinwanga kakuhle.

Amaqela obunjineli kufuneka ajonge iinkcukacha zesitywina soomatshini kungekhona njengokuthengwa kwezinto, kodwa njengotyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lokuthembeka. Ubuchwepheshe bokutywina obuphambili bulindeleke ukuba bufikelele kwiMean Time Between Failures (MTBF) edlula iinyanga ezingama-36, nokuba kusetyenziswe izinto eziguquguqukayo kakhulu okanye ezirhabaxa. Ukungaphumeleli ukukhetha uqwalaselo olufanelekileyo lwesitywina kuyawubeka emngciphekweni umgangatho we-hydraulic wenkqubo yonke yokumpompa.

Kutheni isitywino esifanelekileyo sibalulekile ekulawuleni ukuvuza

Ulawulo lokuvuza aluyonto ikhethwayo nje kuphela kodwa lugunyaziso olungqongqo lolawulo. Imibutho elawulayo inyanzelisa imida yokukhupha i-volatious organic compound (VOC), idla ngokuthintela ukukhutshwa kwe-fugie ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-500 parts per million (ppm) kwiindawo zokwenza iikhemikhali. Ukufikelela nokugcina eli nqanaba lokuthintela kufuna izitywino zoomatshini ezicwangciswe kakuhle endaweni yokupakisha okuqhelekileyo.

Ukuze kugcinwe iifilimu zolwelo oluncinci ngaphandle kokuvumela ukuvuza okukhulu, ubuso betywina obunemigca echanekileyo kufuneka buhlale busicaba ngaphakathi kwebhendi enye okanye ezimbini zokukhanya kwe-helium, ezilingana ne-0.29 ukuya kwi-0.58 microns. Xa uphawu oluchanekileyo luhambelana ne-rheology yolwelo oluthile, lugcina olu luhlu lwe-micro-gap ngendlela eguquguqukayo, luqinisekisa ukuba iikhemikhali ezinobungozi okanye ezinobungozi zihlala zahlulwe emoyeni nakubasebenzi bezityalo.

Zeziphi iingozi zokusebenza kunye nezeshishini ezinyukayo xa ukhetho olubi lwetywina lukhethwa

Iziphumo zemali zokungacaciswa kakuhle kwetywina zidlulela ngaphaya kwexabiso lokuqala lokuthenga icandelo. Imilinganiselo yokuthembeka ibonisa ukuba ukusilela kwetywina loomatshini kubangela phantse i-70% yexesha lokungasebenzi kwepompo ye-centrifugal kwicandelo leekhemikhali. Ukusilela okukodwa ngaphambi kwexesha kunokubangela i-$5,000 ukuya kwi-$15,000 kumsebenzi wokulungisa ngqo kunye nezixhobo zokutshintsha, ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu kakhulu zokulahleka kwemveliso.

Ngaphezu koko, ukusilela kwetywina okubangelwe yintlekele kuvelisa iingozi ezinkulu zoshishino, kubandakanya iindleko zokulungisa okusingqongileyo, izigwebo zomthetho, kunye neengozi zokhuseleko. Iimfuno zolondolozo ezingacwangciswanga zikwanyanzela iingcali ukuba zingene kwiindawo ezinobungozi zokuvezwa. Ngokumisela imigangatho yesinyithi setywina kunye noyilo lobuso olufanelekileyo, izityalo zinciphisa la matyala kwaye zitshintshe ukusuka ekucimeni umlilo okusebenzayo ukuya kulawulo lwezinto ezixeliweyo.

Oko Idatha Yokusebenza Efanele Ikukhokele Ekukhetheni Itywina Loomatshini

Ukukhetha isitywino esifanelekileyo soomatshini kufuna uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwendlela esebenza ngayo ipompo. Ukuthembela kwiinkcukacha zepompo ezimiselweyo kuneemeko zokusebenza zangempela kwigumbi lesitywino kudla ngokukhokelela ekuwohlokeni ngokukhawuleza kwezixhobo.

Iinjineli kufuneka ziqokelele iphepha ledatha yenkqubo echanekileyo ebamba iimeko ezizinzileyo, izigaba zokuqalisa ezithatha ixesha elifutshane, kunye neemeko ezinokubakho zokuphazamiseka ukuqinisekisa ukuba isitywina esikhethiweyo sinokumelana noxinzelelo olupheleleyo lokusebenza.

Zeziphi iipropati zolwelo, uxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nomxholo wezinto eziqinileyo ezibaluleke kakhulu

Iimpawu zolwelo zilawula kakhulu iimfuno zesitywina soomatshini kunye ne-elastomeric. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ziquka ubunzima obuthile, i-viscosity, kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali kuzo zonke izigaba zokusebenza. Iiprofayili zoxinzelelo zibaluleke ngokulinganayo; iipompo zekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo zinokusebenza kwi-vacuum, ngelixa iipompo zokutya ze-reactor ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu zinokubangela ukuba izitywino zifakwe kuxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oludlula i-1,200 psig (82 bar).

Ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ukusuka kwi-cryogenic -40°C ukuya kwi-400°C esetyenziswa kubushushu obuphezulu, bulawula ukunyamezela kobushushu bobuso besitywino kunye nemida yokuwohloka kwee-O-rings zesibini. Ukongeza, ii-total suspended solids (TSS) zichaphazela kakhulu ukuguguleka kobuso. Ulwelo olunomxholo we-solids odlula i-2% ngobunzima ludla ngokufuna indibaniselwano yobuso obuqinileyo kunye nolawulo olukhethekileyo lokusingqongileyo ukuthintela amanqaku arhabaxa.

Indlela isantya somngxuma, uhlobo lwepompo, kunye neemeko zegumbi lesitywino ezichaphazela ngayo ukhetho

Ukuguquguquka koomatshini kwigumbi lokutywina kumisela izinga lokuguguleka kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu kwiindawo zokutywina. Isantya seshaft, esiqhele ukuba phakathi kwe-1,450 ukuya kwi-3,600 RPM kwiimpompo eziqhelekileyo ze-centrifugal, siqhuba isantya se-peripheral (V) kwindawo yokutywina. Esi santya, sidibene noxinzelelo lokutywina (P), simisela i-PV factor—umda obalulekileyo olawula ubushushu bokungqubana obunokususwa ngokukhuselekileyo yi-seal.

Uhlobo lwepompo kunye nobukhulu bebhokisi yokuzalisa nazo ziyathintela ukhetho. Iipompo zekhemikhali ze-ANSI B73.1 eziqhelekileyo zihlala zineendawo zokutywina ezinkulu nezinciphileyo ezenzelwe ukuphucula ukujikeleza kolwelo kunye nokukhupha iinxalenye, ngelixa iipompo ezindala okanye ezikhethekileyo zinokuba neebhokisi eziqinileyo zesilinda. Itywina kufuneka lihambelane ngokwemilinganiselo nezi ndawo ukuqinisekisa ukutshintshwa kolwelo okwaneleyo kunye nokupholisa kwiindawo ezijikelezayo.

Xa ukugqwala, ukwakheka kwekristale, uxinzelelo lomphunga, kunye nokuhamba okomileyo kuba yinto ebalulekileyo

Utshintsho lwesigaba ngaphakathi kwigumbi lokutywina lunezoyikiso ezinkulu zokuthembeka. Umda wobushushu obuncinci be-10°C (18°F) phakathi kobushushu bokusebenza kolwelo kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga walo kwiimeko zegumbi lokutywina ngokubanzi kuyafuneka. Ukuba lo mda uphulwe, ulwelo luya kujika lube ngumphunga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kusebenze okomileyo, kuvele ubushushu obuninzi, kwaye kuqhekeke ubuso begumbi lokutywina.

Ukugqwala kunye nokwakheka kwekristale kubeka iingozi ezifanayo. Ulwelo olujika luqine xa ludibana nomoya womoya, olufana ne-sodium hydroxide, luya kutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza ubuso besitywina ukuba icala lomoya wesitywina alicinywanga ngokufanelekileyo. Kwiindawo ezigqwala kakhulu, izinga lokugqwala elikwindawo ethile kwiindawo zentsimbi engagqwali ezingama-316 ezisemgangathweni linokudlula i-0.5 mm ngonyaka, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kufuneke iinkcukacha zee-alloys ezingaqhelekanga ukuze kugcinwe ubunzulu besakhiwo sesitywina.

Zeziphi iiSeal Designs kunye nezixhobo zeMompu zeChemical eziLungileyo

Ukudibana koyilo lwemishini kunye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kuchaza amandla esitywini okumelana neendawo ezinoburhalarhume zeekhemikhali. Ijiyometri yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo imisela ukuphathwa koxinzelelo kunye nokuchaneka kokufakwa, ngelixa ukukhethwa kwezinto kulawula ukumelana neekhemikhali kunye nokuqhuba kobushushu.

Ukuhamba kwiindlela ezininzi ezikhoyo kufuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokufanisa amandla okutywina neendlela ezithile zokusilela ezilindelweyo kwinkqubo yeekhemikhali.

Indlela ezithelekiswa ngayo izitywina ezi-single, dual, cartridge, balanced, kunye ne-unbalanced seals

Indlela eyakhiwe ngayo itywina ilawula ukuphathwa kwayo koxinzelelo kunye nokuthembeka kokufakwa kwayo. Iitywina ezingalinganiyo, ezibeka yonke indawo yobuso kuxinzelelo lwebhokisi yokuzalisa, zihlala zithintelwe kuxinzelelo olungaphantsi kwe-150 psig (10 barg) ukuthintela ukuveliswa kobushushu obugqithisileyo. Iitywina ezilinganisiweyo zitshintsha umlinganiselo wejometri ukunciphisa amandla okuvala, zivumela ukuba zikwazi ukusingatha uxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-600 psig (41 barg) okanye ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokuguguleka kobuso ngokukhawuleza.

Izitywino ezilodwa zibonelela ngesisombululo esingabizi kakhulu kwiincindi ezingenobungozi, kodwa iikhemikhali ezinobuthi okanye eziguquguqukayo kakhulu zifuna ulungelelwaniso lwezitywino ezimbini. Izitywino eziphindwe kabini (eziphindwe kabini) zisebenzisa ulwelo oluthintela uxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kukhutshwa kwenkqubo, ngelixa izitywino ezimbini ezingacinezelwanga (ezidibeneyo) zibonelela ngenkxaso yokhuseleko. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela ebekwe ngayo, ukutshintsha ukusuka kwizitywino zecandelo ezikhululekileyo ukuya kwizitywino zekhatriji ezihlanganisiweyo kwangaphambili kunokunciphisa iimpazamo zokufakela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70%, njengoko uyilo lwekhatriji lususa imfuneko yokucinezelwa kwentwasahlobo ngesandla kunye nokulungelelaniswa kobuso.

Zeziphi izinto zobuso, ii-elastomers, kunye nezinto zesinyithi ezifanelekileyo kwiinkonzo zeekhemikhali

Ukudityaniswa kwezinto zobuso yeyona nto iphambili kwisitywina soomatshini. I-Silicon Carbide (SiC) edibene ne-SiC inika ukumelana kweekhemikhali kunye nokuqhuba kakuhle kobushushu, nangona inokuba buthathaka. I-Tungsten Carbide (TC) inika ukuqina okuphezulu kokuqhekeka kwizicelo ze-torque ephezulu okanye i-slurry enzima kodwa isengozini kwii-asidi ezithile. I-Carbon graphite isetyenziswa rhoqo njengobuso bokudibana ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokuzithambisa, ezibonelela nge-buffer kwiimeko zokungasebenzi kakuhle komoya.

Izinto zokuvala zesibini (ii-elastomers) zibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ii-O-rings eziqhelekileyo ze-FKM (Viton) zifanelekile kwiikhemikhali ezininzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200°C, kodwa izinyibilikisi ezinamandla kakhulu, ii-amines, okanye amaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-327°C zifuna ii-perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) ezifana neKalrez. Kwizixhobo zesinyithi—kuquka iisprings, ii-drive pins, kunye ne-cartridge gland—i-metallurgy kufuneka iphuculwe ukusuka kwi-316SS eqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-Alloy 20, i-Hastelloy C-276, okanye i-Titanium xa kusingathwa ii-acids ezinamandla okanye ii-chloride.

Zeziphi iindlela zokuthelekisa ezinceda ekuvavanyeni iindlela zokutywina

Ukuvavanya ezi ndibaniselwano kufuna uthelekiso olucwangcisiweyo lwemida yobushushu, ukuhambelana kweekhemikhali, kunye nokufaneleka kokusetyenziswa. Iinjineli kufuneka zidibanise ulwelo lwenkqubo yokubhekisa kwiitshathi zokuhambelana kwezinto ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuso bokuqala kunye ne-elastomers yesibini aziyi konakala.

*(Qaphela: Umda wolwakhiwo lweSiC; umda wokwenene wesitywino ulawulwa zizinto ze-elastomer kunye nezesinyithi.)

Indlela Yokuvavanya Imigangatho, Iinkqubo Zenkxaso, kunye Nababoneleli

Itywina loomatshini alisoloko lisebenza lodwa; ixesha lalo elide lixhomekeke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zenkxaso ezincedisayo kunye nokunamathela kwimigangatho yobunjineli behlabathi. Iziseko ezingqongileyo zilawula imeko yokusebenza kwetywina, zibonelela ngokupholisa okubalulekileyo, ukuthambisa, kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo.

Ukuvavanya ababoneleli kunye neenkqubo zabo zenkxaso kubaluleke kakhulu njengokukhetha izixhobo zesitywina ngokwazo, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokuthobela imithetho.

Yeyiphi imigangatho, iimfuno zokuthobela imithetho, kunye neenkcukacha zezityalo ezisebenzayo

Iinkcukacha ezifana ne-API 682 (uHlelo lwesi-4) kunye ne-ISO 21049 zibonelela ngezikhokelo ezingqongqo zokwahlulahlula isitywina, ukuvavanya, kunye nokubhala amaxwebhu kwicandelo le-petrochemical kunye neekhemikhali. Ngelixa izityalo zeekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo zihlala zisebenzisa izikhokelo ze-ANSI/ASME B73.1, ukwamkela imigaqo ye-API 682 kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zeekhemikhali kuqinisekisa isiseko esiphezulu sokuthembeka.

Iinkcukacha zezityalo ezithile nazo zidlala indima enkulu. Izakhiwo ezininzi zinyanzelisa imigangatho yobunjineli bangaphakathi eyalela iikhompawundi ezithile ze-elastomeric, zinciphise ukusetyenziswa kweesinyithi ezithile (umz., ukuthintela ii-alloys zobhedu kwinkonzo ye-ammonia), okanye zifuna ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo be-cartridge gland ukunciphisa ubunzima bezinto ezikhoyo.

Xa kufuneka izicwangciso zokucoca, iinkqubo zokuthintela, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo

Iinkqubo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo, ezichazwe yizicwangciso zemibhobho ye-API, zibalulekile ekuguquleni imeko-bume yegumbi lokutywina. Isicwangciso esisisiseko se-11 sisebenzisa umgca we-bypass ovela ekukhutshweni kwepompo ukuhlamba ubuso besitywina, okubonelela ngokupholisa nokuthintela ukwakheka komphunga. Kwiziselo ezinobuthi okanye ezinobungozi ezifuna izitywina ezimbini, inkqubo yeSicwangciso se-53A isetyenziswa rhoqo.

Isicwangciso 53A sisebenzisa ithangi langaphandle ukubonelela ngolwelo oluthintelayo oluxinzelelweyo phakathi kobuso besitywino esiphindwe kabini. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo olusebenzayo aluphumi ngaphandle, le nkqubo yesithintelo kufuneka isetyenziswe kwaye igcinwe ubuncinane kwi-1.5 bar (22 psi) ngaphezulu koxinzelelo olulindelekileyo lwegumbi lesitywino. Usetyenziso olunzima ngakumbi lunokufuna iSicwangciso 54, esisebenzisa inkqubo yokuthambisa yangaphandle edibeneyo, enyanzeliswayo yokujikeleza kwegazi ukusingatha imithwalo yobushushu obukhulu.

Indlela yokuvavanya uvavanyo lwababoneleli, inkxaso, kunye namaxesha okukhokela

Uvavanyo lokuthengwa kwempahla kufuneka lufikelele nakwizakhono zokusebenza komenzi. Ababoneleli kufuneka banike iiprotokholi zovavanyo oluguquguqukayo ezibhaliweyo, ezibonisa ukusebenza kwetywina phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo kunye nesantya ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe. Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic lwe-seal gland ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.5 yoxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo lokusebenza (MAWP) yimfuneko yokhuseleko esemgangathweni.

Amaxesha okutsalwa kwezixhobo kunye nenkxaso yendawo zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwimpahla. Nangona izitywini zekhatriji ze-ANSI eziqhelekileyo zinokuba namaxesha okutsalwa kwezixhobo kwiiveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2, izitywini ze-alloy ezenziwe ngobuchule obuphezulu zinokuthatha iiveki ezi-8 ukuya kwezi-12 ukuze zenziwe. Amandla omthengisi okubonelela ngeenkqubo zokulungisa ngokukhawuleza, uluhlu lwezinto ezigugileyo kwindawo, kunye nobunjineli bokusombulula iingxaki kwindawo ethile buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukufumaneka kwepompo iyonke yesityalo.

Yeyiphi Inkqubo Esebenzayo Efanele Isetyenziswe Ngamaqela Ukukhetha Umatshini

Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwiinkcazo zethiyori ukuya ekuthengeni okusebenzayo kufuna umsebenzi wobunjineli oqeqeshekileyo nosebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Amaqela okusebenza, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuthembeka kufuneka asebenzisane ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphawu olukhethiweyo luhambelana neemeko zenkqubo kunye nobuchule bokugcinwa.

Inkqubo yokukhetha eqhelekileyo ithintela izigqibo zokuthenga izinto ezingacwangciswanga, inciphisa ukuxinana kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye iqinisekise ukuba iziphumo ezithembekileyo zihlala zihleli kuyo yonke imboni yeekhemikhali.

Yeyiphi indlela yokusebenza yenyathelo ngenyathelo enceda ukufanisa uhlobo lwesitywina neemeko zokusebenza

Iprotokholi yokukhetha kufuneka iqale ngenkcazo epheleleyo yolwelo, ibhale phantsi iingozi zeekhemikhali, i-pH, i-viscosity, kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga. Inyathelo lesibini libandakanya ukumakisha imida yokusebenza, ukubala i-pressure-velocity (PV) factor, kunye nokuqinisekisa imida yobukhulu bebhokisi yokuzalisa. Inyathelo lesithathu lifuna ukumisela ulawulo oluyimfuneko lokusingqongileyo (ii-API Piping Plans) ukunciphisa iingozi ezichongiweyo ezifana ne-crystallization okanye i-flashing.

Okokugqibela, inyathelo lesine lilawula ukukhethwa kwezinto zobuso, ii-elastomers, kunye ne-metallurgy ngokusekelwe kwidatha eqokelelweyo. Olu hambo lomsebenzi olucwangcisiweyo luqinisekisa ukuba imida ichongwa kwangethuba; umzekelo, ukuqonda ukuba umda woxinzelelo oluphantsi lomphunga wolwelo ufuna i-Plan 53A dual seal ngaphambi kokuba i-single seal engabizi kakhulu nenganelanga icwangciswe ngempazamo.

Indlela yokulinganisela iindleko zemali kunye nobomi benkonzo kunye nomngcipheko wokugcinwa

Izizathu zemali kufuneka zitshintshe ukusuka kwinkcitho yokuqala yenkunzi (iCapEx) ukuya kwiNdleko iyonke yobunini (iTCO).

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kunye nesizathu seTyikityi yoMatshini
• Iinkcukacha, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko okufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele
• Amanyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso abafundi abanokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni ekufuneka abathengi bayithelekise kuqala xa befuna iMechanical Seal?

Qala ngoluhlu lokuhamba komoya/uluhlu lwezinto ezifunekayo, iimfuno zokuthobela imithetho, imida yokufakela, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezinto ezingasetyenziswa emva kokuthengisa. Ezi zinto zine zihlala zimisela umngcipheko opheleleyo kunye nomgangatho wemali engenayo.

Abafundi bangayilawula njani iindleko zokufika kweMechanical Seal?

Ukwahlulahlula iyunithi ye-FOB, ubungakanani bokupakisha, ukusetyenziswa kwesikhongozeli, irhafu/irhafu, kunye nezinga lokubuyisa elilindelekileyo. Imodeli elula yexabiso elifikelelweyo yi-SKU tier inceda ukuthintela ukumangaliswa kwe-margin.

Zeziphi iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo rhoqo kwiMechanical Seal kwiimarike eziphambili?

Iimfuneko ziyahluka ngokwemarike yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo; qinisekisa imigangatho efanelekileyo yokuthobela umbane/ukhuseleko kunye nezinto ngaphambi kokuqinisekiswa kwe-PO, kwaye ugcine iingxelo zelebhu zihambelana neenguqulelo ze-SKU ezichanekileyo.

Abasasazi bafanele bazibeke njani iithagethi ze-MOQ kunye ne-inventory zeMechanical Seal?

Sebenzisa ixesha lokwahlulahlula imfuno yetshaneli kunye nexesha lokukhokela ukuseta i-MOQ ekwinqanaba. Gcina ii-SKU ezikhawulezayo zingaphakathi kwisitokhwe ngelixa unciphisa iinguqu ezinde ezinokujika kancinci kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokubamba.

Luluphi uluhlu lokujonga umgangatho olusebenzayo lwee-odolo zeMechanical Seal?

Chaza i-AQL, uluhlu lweziphene ezibalulekileyo, uvavanyo lomsebenzi, kunye nokuhlolwa kokulahla ukupakisha. Yenza uhlolo lwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwaye ugcine iluphu yempendulo yeziphene elandelekayo nomzi-mveliso.