Indlela iTywina yoMbane yoBushushu obuphezulu ethintela ngayo ukungaphumeleli

Intshayelelo

Kwiinkqubo zokumpompa nokucubungula ubushushu obuphezulu, ukusilela kwetywina kudla ngokuqala ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuvuza okubonakalayo. Itywina loomatshini elinobushushu obuphezulu lenzelwe ukugcina ubuso bokuvala buzinzile njengoko ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye neemeko zolwelo zityhala uyilo oluqhelekileyo ngaphaya kwemida yazo. Eli nqaku lichaza indlela ezi tywina ezithintela ngayo iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusilela ezifana nokusebenza okomileyo, ukwakheka komphunga, ukugqwetheka kobushushu, kunye nokuguguleka okukhawulezileyo kwezinto. Uza kubona ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zoyilo ezibaluleke kakhulu, kutheni ubushushu butshintsha indlela yokuziphatha kwetywina, kunye nendlela ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwetywina oluphucula ngayo ukuthembeka, ukunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi, kunye nokukhusela izixhobo kwinkonzo yemizi-mveliso enzima.

Kutheni iiSeal zeMechanical ezishushu kakhulu zibalulekile ukuze zithembeke

Kwiindawo zoshishino ezifuna amandla amaninzi, iinkqubo zokuphatha ulwelo zihlala zityhalelwa kwimida yazo yobushushu.uphawu loomatshini olushushu kakhuluyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukugcina ukuthembeka apho izisombululo zokuvala eziqhelekileyo ziwohloka ngokukhawuleza, zithintela ukuvuza okubi kakhulu, ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo, kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga.

Xa ulwelo lwenkqubo ludlula umda wokusebenza wee-elastomers eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinto zobuso, uzinzo oluguquguqukayo lwesitywina luba nokuguquguquka kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji ekhethekileyo yokutywina ubushushu obuphezulu yimfuneko esisiseko yokuthembeka kwesityalo, kwandisa ngokuthe ngqo i-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezingaphezu kwama-24 kwizicelo ezigqithisileyo.

Indlela amatywina obushushu obuphezulu anciphisa ngayo ukungaphumeleli

Izitywino zoomatshini ezinobushushu obuphezulu zinciphisa ukungasebenzi ngokulawula ifilimu yolwelo phakathi kobuso obujikelezayo nobumileyo, zithintela utshintsho lwesigaba olukhokelela ekusebenzeni okomileyo.Izitywino zoomatshini eziqhelekileyoidla ngokusilela xa ulwelo olupompelweyo lujika lube ngumphunga—into eqhelekileyo xa kuphathwa amanzi okanye iihydrocarbons ezikhaphukhaphu ezingaphezulu kwe-150°C (300°F). Ngokusebenzisa i-metallurgy ephucukileyo kunye ne-geometries yobuso be-seal elungiselelweyo, iinguqu zobushushu obuphezulu ziyawususa ubushushu obuvelisiweyo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zigcine ifilimu yolwelo ezinzileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ezi zitywini zinciphisa uxinzelelo loomatshini oluhambelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo. Izitywini ezisetyenziswa ngokucinezela eziqhelekileyo zixhomekeke kwiindandatho ze-O ezitshintshayo ezinokuqina, zikhuphe, okanye zinyibilike, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubuso bezitywini buxhome kwaye buvuthe. Uyilo lobushushu obuphezulu ludla ngokususa ezi elastomers zitshintshayo ukuze zisebenzise i-bellows zesinyithi eziguquguqukayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuso buhlala buhamba kakuhle nangonaumngxuma wepompoikhula ngobushushu.

Zeziphi iimeko zokusebenza ezibangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwetywina lobushushu

Iimeko ezininzi zokusebenza zikhawulezisa ukusilela kwetywina lobushushu ukuba azilungiswanga ngokufanelekileyo yilo phawu. Amaqondo obushushu enkqubo adlula ama-200°C (392°F) amele eyona ngozi ithe ngqo, ehlisa izinto ezisemgangathweni zokutywina zesibini kwaye atshintsha i-viscosity yefilimu yolwelo lokuthambisa. Kula maqondo obushushu, umda phakathi koxinzelelo lokusebenza kolwelo kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga walo uncipha kakhulu, nto leyo enyusa umngcipheko wokutsha.

Ii-thermal transients, okanye i-thermal shock, nazo zibangela ukungaphumeleli. Xa ipompo ifumana ukuguquguquka okukhawulezileyo kobushushu okungaphezulu kwama-50°C ngomzuzu, ubuso obuqhelekileyo besitywini bunokuba nokwanda kobushushu okungalinganiyo, okukhokelela ekuguqulweni kobuso ngoko nangoko kunye nokuvuza. Ukongeza, ukupompa ii-hydrocarbons kumaqondo obushushu amalunga ne-175°C (347°F) nangaphezulu kungenisa umngcipheko wokucola, apho ulwelo lunyibilika kwicala lomoya lesitywini, nto leyo edala udaka olurhabaxa oluthintela intshukumo yesitywini kwaye lutshabalalise ubuso obudibeneyo.

Yintoni echaza isitywina soomatshini sobushushu obuphezulu

Ukuchaza isitywino soomatshini esinobushushu obuphezulu kufuna ukujonga ngaphaya kobukhulu obusisiseko kwizinto eziphambili kunye nobunjineli besakhiwo. Ngokungafaniyo nezitywino zenjongo eqhelekileyo, ezi yunithi zibonakaliswa kukususwa ngokupheleleyo kweepolymers ezinobushushu kwiindawo eziguquguqukayo, zisebenzisa i-metallurgies eqinileyo kunye nemixube yobuso ekhethekileyo eyenzelwe ukujongana nemithwalo yobushushu obukhulu ngaphandle kokugoba.

Zeziphi izinto kunye nokudibanisa ubuso ezisetyenziswayo

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zobuso kubalulekile kwinkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu. I-Silicon Carbide (SiC) kunye ne-Tungsten Carbide (TC) zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima bazo obukhethekileyo kunye nokuqhuba kobushushu, okuzivumela ukuba zikhuphe ubushushu kude ne-sealing interface. Ii-premium high-temperature seals zihlala zidibanisa ubuso obujikelezayo be-SiC kunye nobuso obungashukumiyo be-antimony-impregnated carbon stationary, zibonelela ngokusinda okugqwesileyo kokubaleka okomileyo kunye nokumelana nama-blister phantsi kweemeko zokuthambisa ezingaphantsi.

Izinto zokuvala zesibini—izinto ezivala ubuso ukuya kwi-shaft kunye ne-gland—nazo kufuneka ziphuculwe. Ngelixa iiFluoroelastomers ezisemgangathweni (FKM) zisilela malunga ne-200°C, iiPerfluoroelastomers (FFKM) zingafakwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-327°C (620°F). Kumaqondo obushushu adlula lo mda, i-graphite eguquguqukayo iba ngumgangatho weshishini, inika uzinzo kwiindawo ezikhupha i-oxidizing ukuya kuthi ga kwi-450°C (842°F) kunye nokunciphisa iindawo ezingaphaya kwe-1000°C.

Indlela ukwandiswa kobushushu, imida yokuthambisa, kunye nokulinganisela koxinzelelo oluchaphazela ngayo uyilo

Ukwandiswa kobushushu kulawula uyilo lwejometri yezitywini zobushushu obuphezulu. Izinto ezahlukeneyo ziyanda ngamanani ahlukeneyo; umzekelo, iSilicon Carbide ineCoefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) emalunga ne-4.0 µm/m-°C, ephantsi kakhulu kuneeshafti ezininzi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo (CTE ~16.0 µm/m-°C). Ukuba uyilo lwesitywini aluyilungeli le differential, izinto ezinciphayo zinokukhululeka, okanye ubuso bunokufakwa kuxinzelelo olunzima, olukhokelela ekuqhekekeni.

Ukulinganisela uxinzelelo lolunye uphawu oluchazayo. Kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, i-viscosity yolwelo iyehla, nto leyo eyenza ifilimu yokuthambisa ibe ncinci kwaye ibe buthathaka ngakumbi. Izitywino zobushushu obuphezulu zilungelelaniswe kakhulu ukunciphisa amandla okuvala e-hydraulic ebusweni besitywino. Oku kunciphisa ukungqubana kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifilimu yolwelo ayibilisi. Uyilo oluphambili lukwasebenzisa iitopografiya ezikhethekileyo zobuso, ezifana nee-hydropads ezingaphantsi, ukukhuthaza ukuphakanyiswa kwe-hydrodynamic kunye nokugcina imida yokuthambisa nokuba phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu.

Indlela Izitywino Zoomatshini Zobushushu Obuphezulu Ezithintela Ngayo Ukungaphumeleli

Umsebenzi oyintloko wesitywina somatshini esinobushushu obuphezulu kukuthintela uthotho lweendlela zokungaphumeleli ezibangelwa bubushushu obugqithisileyo. Ngokugcina uzinzo olukumgangatho omncinci kunye nokusebenzisa izicwangciso ezikhethekileyo zokugungxula, ezi zitywina zithintela ifilimu yolwelo ekuweni, nto leyo ebangela ukusilela okukhulu kwesitywina somatshini.

Zeziphi izinto zokuthelekisa ekufuneka zifakwe kwitheyibhile yokusebenza

Xa kuvavanywa izitywino zoomatshini ezinobushushu obuphezulu, iinjineli kufuneka zithelekise amanqaku aliqela abalulekileyo okusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka. Itheyibhile yokusebenza kufuneka ithelekise izitywino ezisemgangathweni zokutyhala ngokuchasene nezivalo zesinyithi ezidityaniswe ngomphetho kunye nezitywino ezingadibaniyo ezifakwe igesi. Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka imida ephezulu yobushushu, ukuthambekela ekuphambukeni kobuso, kunye nomngcipheko wokuxhoma kwe-O-ring enamandla.

Zeziphi iindlela zokungaphumeleli ezixhaphake kakhulu kubushushu obuphezulu

Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokusilela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kukujonga ubushushu. Le meko yenzeka xa amaqondo obushushu obusebusweni adlula iqondo lokubila kolwelo ngo-10-15°C kuphela, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ifilimu yolwelo ibe yi-micro-flash. Umjikelo okhawulezayo wokufudumeza nokupholisa udala ukudinwa okukhulu kobushushu, okubangela ukuba kubekho imifantu yeradial encinci kubuso besitywini esebenza njengezixhobo zokusika, itshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza ubuso obuchaseneyo.

Ezinye iindlela ezixhaphakileyo zokungaphumeleli kobushushu obuphezulu ziquka ukudumba kwekhabhoni kunye nokudumba kwe-elastomer. Ukudumba kwenzeka xa iihydrocarbon ezinzima zingena kwiimbobo zobuso be-carbon seal; njengoko ubushushu bunyuka, ulwelo oluvalelweyo luyanda kwaye luqhekeke umphezulu wekhabhoni. Ukudumba kwe-elastomer kwenzeka xa ubushushu obuphezulu buthambisa ii-O-rings, nto leyo ebangela uxinzelelo lwenkqubo yokutyhala i-elastomer kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zehardware, isusa isitywino somqobo wayo wesibini kwaye ibangele ukuvuza kwangoko.

Indlela yokuCacisa, yokufaka, kunye nokujonga izitywina zoomatshini zobushushu obuphezulu

Isitywino somatshini esinobushushu obuphezulu sithembeke kuphela njengenkqubo esijikelezileyo. Iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo, ukufakelwa ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokubeka iliso kwimeko engqongqo kuyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba isitywino sisebenza ngaphakathi kweemvulophu zaso zobushushu neze-hydraulic ezenzelwe sona, ukuthintela ukuguguleka kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokungaphumeleli ngequbuliso.

Zeziphi izinto ezifunekayo ukuze kufunyanwe iinkcukacha kunye namanyathelo okulinganisa ubungakanani

Ukucacisa isitywino sobushushu obuphezulu kuqala ngezinto ezichanekileyo: ubushushu bebhokisi yokuzalisa, uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluguquguqukayo, isantya seshaft (RPM), kunye nomda woxinzelelo lomphunga oluchanekileyo lolwelo lwenkqubo. Kwizicelo zokucoca ezinzima ezisebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 bar (600 psi) kunye ne-400°C, iinjineli kufuneka zibale ukuveliswa kobushushu okuqikelelweyo kwiindawo zesitywino ukuze zichonge amandla okupholisa afunekayo.

Amanyathelo okulinganisa kufuneka aqwalasele ukwanda kobushushu bomngxuma wepompo kunye nekhava. Igumbi lokutywina kufuneka libonelele ngesithuba esaneleyo se-radial ukuze kungene iindibano ezinkulu zentsimbi kunye nokuvumela ukujikeleza kolwelo okwaneleyo. Ukuba indawo yokutywina ixinene kakhulu, ubushushu abunakuphela, kwaye isitywina siya kusilela nokuba singakanani na umgangatho waso we-metallurgical.

Yintoni ebalulekileyo ngokufakela, ukuqalisa, isicwangciso sokucoca, ukuhlolwa, kunye neendlela zokujonga imeko

Iinkqubo zokufakela nokuqalisa zibaluleke kakhulu. Izivalo zobushushu obuphezulu kufuneka zifakwe ngococeko olupheleleyo, njengoko nayiphi na inkunkuma inokuthintela ubuso ekudibaneni ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngexesha lokuqalisa, ipompo kufuneka ivuleke kakuhle ukuze kuthintelwe ukoma, kwaye kufuneka i-thermal conditioner (ukufudumeza kancinci kancinci) ukuthintela ukothuka kobushushu kwiindawo ze-carbide.

Inkqubo yolawulo lokusingqongileyo, echazwe yi-API 682 piping plans, yeyona ndlela iphambili yokutywina. I-API Plan 23 ithathwa njengeyona isebenzayo kakhulu kwizicelo zamanzi ashushu kunye nokutya kwebhoyila, iphinda ijikeleze ulwelo nge-cooler kwaye inciphise umthwalo wobushushu kwinkqubo yamanzi okupholisa yesityalo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% xa kuthelekiswa ne-standard Plan 21. Kwi-hot hydrocarbons, i-Plan 62 steam quench idla ngokusetyenziswa kwicala lomoya le-seal ukuthintela i-oxidation kunye ne-coking. Ukubeka iliso kwimeko kufuneka kuquke ukulandelela ubushushu obufudumeleyo; ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwe-+10°C ngaphezu kwesiseko esimiselweyo luphawu oluthembekileyo lokuqala lokubandezeleka kobuso okanye ukungcola kwe-cooler.

Indlela Yokukhetha Isitywina Soomatshini Esiphezulu Sobushushu

Ukukhetha isitywino soomatshini esifanelekileyo sobushushu obuphezulu kufuna ukulinganisela iindleko zemali kwangaphambili kunye neendleko zokusebenza kwexesha elide zenkqubo yokupompa. Ukukhetha okuchanekileyo kulungelelanisa amandla esinyithi kunye noyilo lwesitywino kunye neenyani ezithile zobushushu zenkqubo, ukuqinisekisa ixesha eliphezulu lokusebenza.

Indlela yokulinganisa iindleko zizonke zobunini kunye nokugcinwa

Xa belinganisa ixabiso lilonke lobunini (i-TCO), abaqhubi bezityalo kufuneka bajonge ngaphaya kwexabiso lokuqala lokuthenga. Itywina lesinyithi elinomgca we-premium elihlanganisiweyo elinophawu lwe-graphite oluguquguqukayo lunokuba ne-uplier yeendleko zangaphambili eziphindwe kabini ukuya kwezine xa kuthelekiswa netywina eliqhelekileyo lokutyhala. Nangona kunjalo, eli xabiso lenkunzi lincitshiswa ngokukhawuleza kukususwa kwexesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga.

Ukusilela okukodwa kwetywina kwiyunithi yokucocisa eshushu kakhulu kunokubangela i-$10,000 ukuya kwi-$30,000 kwimveliso elahlekileyo,umsebenzi wokulungisa, kunye nokucoca okusingqongileyo. Ngaphezu koko, iindleko zokugcina zichaphazeleka kakhulu zizixhobo zokupholisa. Itywina elingakhethwanga kakuhle elixhomekeke kwinkqubo yokupholisa evulekileyo engasebenzi kakuhle ingadla ngaphezulu kwe-$15,000 ngonyaka kwiindleko zezixhobo zombane zodwa, ngelixa ukutyala imali kwitywina yobushushu obuphezulu edibene nenkqubo yePlan 23 evaliweyo kuvelisa imbuyekezo ekhawulezileyo kutyalo-mali.

Sisiphi isikhokelo sesigqibo esinceda ukufanisa uyilo lwesitywina nesicelo

Isikhokelo sesigqibo sokufanisa isitywino nesicelo sixhomekeke ekufakweni kwebhanti yobushushu obuqinileyo kunye neempawu zolwelo. Kwizicelo ezingaphantsi kwe-150°C (300°F), isitywino esiqhelekileyo sokutyhala esine-elastomers ze-FKM okanye ze-EPDM eziphuculweyo sidla ngokwanela. Kwindawo yokutshintsha ye-150°C ukuya kwi-200°C, izitywino zokutyhala zingasetyenziswa ukuba zixhotyiswe ngee-elastomers ze-FFKM eziphambili kunye nezicwangciso ze-API flush eziqinileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, xa amaqondo obushushu enkqubo efika kuluhlu lwama-200°C ukuya kuma-400°C+, i-matrix yesigqibo iyalela ngamandla ukusetyenziswa kwezitywina zentsimbi ezimileyo ezisebenzisa i-graphite eguquguqukayo. Ukuba ulwelo luyi-hydrocarbon enzima ethanda ukucolwa, kufuneka kucaciswe i-steam quench. Ngokunamathela kule miqathango ingqongqo yobushushu kunye nokubeka phambili ukuthembeka komjikelo wobomi ngaphezu kweendleko zokuqala zehardware, iinjineli zinokususa ngokusisigxina enye yezona mithombo zixhaphakileyo zokusilela kwepompo yobushushu obuphezulu.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Izigqibo ezibaluleke kakhulu kunye nesizathu sokutywinwa koomatshini obushushu obuphezulu
• Iinkcukacha, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko okufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele
• Amanyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso abafundi abanokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni eyenza isitywino somatshini esinobushushu obuphezulu sahluke kwisitywino esiqhelekileyo?

Isebenzisa izinto zobuso ezimelana nobushushu ezifana neSiC okanye iTC kwaye idla ngokuthatha indawo yee-dynamic elastomers nge-metal bellows okanye i-graphite, nto leyo enceda ukuba isitywino sihlale sizinzile ngaphezu kwemida yobushushu obuqhelekileyo.

Kumaqondo obushushu angakanani ekufuneka nditshintshele kuwo isitywina somatshini esinobushushu obuphezulu?

Ukuba amaqondo obushushu enkqubo adlula rhoqo kwi-200°C, izitywina ezisekelwe kwi-FKM ezisemgangathweni zinokonakala ngokukhawuleza. Ukuphucula kwangethuba kubalulekile xa ulwelo luvutha, lucola, okanye lujongene nokujikeleza kobushushu ngokukhawuleza.

Zeziphi izinto zobuso ezisebenza kakuhle kwiitywina zoomatshini ezinobushushu obuphezulu?

Iinketho eziqhelekileyo yi-silicon carbide, i-tungsten carbide, kunye ne-antimony-impregnated carbon. Isibini esilungileyo sixhomekeke kulwelo, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuthambisa, ngoko ke ukufanisa izinto kubalulekile.

Isitywino somatshini esinobushushu obuphezulu sikuthintela njani ukungaphumeleli kwangaphambi kwexesha?

Ilawula ubushushu obuphakathi kobuso obutywiniweyo ngcono, igcina ifilimu yolwelo oluzinzileyo, kwaye imelana nokugqwetheka kobushushu. Oku kunciphisa ukuhamba okomileyo, ukuqhekeka kobuso, umonakalo we-elastomer, kunye nokuvuza ngexesha lokulungiswa kobushushu.

Ngaba iVictor Seals ingabonelela ngezinto zokutshintsha amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwiimpompo ze-OEM?

Ewe. I-Victor Seals ibonelela ngezitywino zoomatshini ezihambelana ne-OEM nezitshintshayo kwiimveliso ezininzi zepompo zoshishino, ixhasa amaqela olondolozo kwizicelo zeekhemikhali, ioyile negesi, ezolwandle, nezamanzi.