Izitywino zeMetal Bellows Mechanical Seals zithintela njani ukuvuza kwaye zivumele ukuba kungabikho ukukhutshwa kwegesi?

Intshayelelo

Ukuthintela ukuvuza kwizixhobo ezijikelezayo akuxhomekanga nje kuphela kwizinto zesitywino, kodwa kuyilo lwesitywino. Izitywino zesinyithi ezisetyenziswa ngoomatshini zijongana nenye yezona ndawo zixhaphakileyo zokusilela kwizitywino zesiqhelo ngokutshintsha ii-elastomers ezinamandla nge-bellows zesinyithi eziguquguqukayo ezigcina umthwalo wobuso phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Oku kuzenza zibe luncedo ngakumbi kwiinkonzo zobushushu obuphezulu, ukubola, kunye nokukhupha umbane apho nokuvuza okuncinci kunokuchaphazela ukhuseleko, ukuthobela umthetho, kunye nexesha lokusebenza. Ukuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi zitywino kunceda ukuchaza isizathu sokuba zihlala zikhethwa kwiinjongo ezingqongqo zokukhupha umbane, kunye nokuba zeziphi izibonelelo ezibonelelayo ngaphezu kwezicwangciso zesitywino sendabuko kwiindawo zokusebenza zokwenyani.

Kutheni iMetal Bellows Mechanical Seals ibalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuvuza

Kwixesha lanamhlanjeiinkqubo zokuphatha ulwelo, ukufikelela kwi-nothing barrier emissions kunye nokwandisa ukuthembeka kwezixhobo zezona njongo ziphambili kubaqhubi bezityalo. Ii-mechanical seals ze-mechanical bellows ziye zavela njengeteknoloji yokutywina echanekileyo kwizicelo ezishushu kakhulu, ezirhabaxa kakhulu, nezinovakalelo kokusingqongileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nee-pusher seals zemveli, ezixhomekeke kwi-dynamic secondary elastomer ukulungiselela ukuguguleka kobuso kunye nokuhamba kwe-shaft, ii-metal bellows zisebenzisa i-metallic core eqhubekayo, eguquguqukayo. Olu tshintsho olusisiseko loyilo lususa ubuthathaka obuphambili bee-standard seals: i-dynamic O-ring.

Ngokususa i-elastomer etyibilikayo,izitywino zesinyithi ezisebenzisa umatshiningokwemvelo kuthintela ukuxinana kwe-shaft kwaye kususe ukuwohloka kwe-elastomer okubangelwa kukujikeleza okugqithisileyo kobushushu. Le nzuzo yolwakhiwo ivumela izixhobo zenkqubo ukuba zityhale imida yokusebenza ngelixa zithobela imiyalelo yokusingqongileyo engqongqo ngakumbi, ziguqula icandelo loomatshini libe yimpahla ebalulekileyo yokuthobela imithetho kunye nokuqhubeka kokusebenza.

Indima ekulawuleni ukukhutshwa komoya kunye nokuthembeka kwawo

Iphulo lokufuna ukukhupha umoya ongcolileyo kwiimveliso ze-hydrocarbon kunye neekhemikhali lilawulwa kakhulu ziiarhente zokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Phantsi kweenkqubo ezifana ne-United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 21, izibonelelo zihlawuliswa ngokungqongqo ngokuvuza kwe-volatious organic compound (VOC) okugqitha imida engaphantsi kwe-500 parts per million (ppm). Kwiindawo ezinzima ezingafikeleliyo, izithili zolawulo lomgangatho womoya zasekuhlaleni zinokunyanzelisa imida ukuya kwi-100 ppm.

Izitywino zesinyithi ezisebenzisa i-mechanical bellows zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuthobela le mida ingqongqo. Ngenxa yokuba i-bellows core ivalwe ngokutyibilika ngokuchaneka, akukho ndlela yesibini yokuvuza. Olu lungiselelo lwesibini oluzinzileyo luqinisekisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziphumayo kugcinwa ngaphantsi kakhulu kwemida yolawulo, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukuthembeka kunye nexesha eliphakathi phakathi kokusilela (MTBF) kwezixhobo ezijikelezayo.

Apho banikezela khona ixabiso elinokulinganiselwa

Ixabiso elilinganiswayo leentsimbi ezitywiniweyo zoomatshini libonakala ngokucacileyo kwiindawo apho ii-elastomers zemveli zingaphumeleli khona. Kwimisebenzi yokucoca, ingakumbi ekucutshungulweni kwebhareli esezantsi, ulwelo lokudlulisa ubushushu, kunye nemveliso ye-asphalt, amaqondo obushushu okupompa ahlala edlula i-200°C (392°F) kwaye anokufikelela kwincopho engaphezulu kwe-400°C (752°F). Kule meko inzima, nee-perfluoroelastomers eziphambili ziyalahlekelwa bubume bazo boomatshini.

Ngaphezu koko, xa kusetyenziswa izinto ezinokubangela ukucola okanye ukunyibilikisa i-crystallization, ukungabikho kwe-O-ring etyibilikayo kuthintela i-seal ukuba “ingaxhonywa” kwi-shaft. Xa ulwelo lwenkqubo luqina xa luvezwa emoyeni, i-O-ring enamandla ye-pusher seal iya kuxinana, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni kobuso ngoko nangoko kunye nokuvuza okubi kakhulu. I-seal yesibini engashukumiyo yoyilo lwe-metal bellows iyayidlula ngokupheleleyo le ndlela yokusilela, yandisa ixesha lokusebenza kwepompo ngamawaka eeyure zokusebenza kwaye ivelise imbuyekezo ekhawulezileyo kutyalo-mali nangona iindleko zokuqala zokuthenga ziphezulu.

Indlela iMetal Bellows Mechanical Seals ezithintela ngayo ukuvuza

Indlela esisiseko apho izitywina zesinyithi ezithintela ukuvuza zixhomekeke kubuchule bazo bokugcina umthwalo wobuso ulungile kwaye ufana phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo eziguquguqukayo. Iyunithi yezitywina isebenza ngaxeshanye njengesipringi, into yokutywina eguquguqukayo, kunye nesidluliseli se-torque. Olu yilo olunemisebenzi emininzi lwenza kube lula uyilo lwezitywina kwaye lususe ukungqubana kwangaphakathi okudla ngokuphazamisa ukulandelwa kobuso kwizitywina eziqhelekileyo.

Iimpawu zoyilo ezinciphisa ukuvuza

Eyona nto iphambili kule teknoloji yi-capsule ye-bellows edityanisiweyo emphethweni. Le nxalenye yenziwe ngoluhlu lwee-diaphragms zesinyithi eziqinisiweyo, okanye "amagqabi," aqhele ukuba phakathi kwe-0.10 ukuya kwi-0.15 mm ubukhulu. La magqabi adityaniswe nge-micro-plasma okanye nge-laser kwiidayamitha zawo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ukuze enze i-convolution eguquguqukayo.

Olu yilo lufakwe emphethweni lubonelela ngesantya esifanayo sentwasahlobo esingama-360 degrees, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuso besitywina esiphambili buhlala buhambelana ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye buhlala buqhagamshelene, nokubaumngxuma wepompoifumana ukuphambuka okuncinci kweradial okanye ukudlala nge-axial. Ukususwa kweesprings kunye nee-O-rings eziguqukayo kususa i-mechanical hysteresis, oko kuthetha ukuba ubuso besitywina bunokusabela ngoko nangoko kwiintshukumo zeshaft ngaphandle kokungqubana okubangela ukuvuza kwiitywina zesiqhelo.

Indlela iimeko zokusebenza ezichaphazela ngayo ukutywinwa

Iimeko zokusebenza, ingakumbi uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, zilawula ngokuthe ngqo imida yokusebenza kwe-bellows. I-bellows zesinyithi ezisemgangathweni ze-single-ply zihlala zilinganiswa kwiingcinezelo zenkqubo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 ukuya kwi-25 bar (290 ukuya kwi-360 psi). Kwizicelo zokuhambisa umbhobho okanye i-boiler ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-bellows ezine-laminated okanye ezine-multi-ply zinokwakhiwa ukuze zimelane noxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwe-60 bar (870 psi) ngaphandle kokugoba.

Ukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu kuchaphazela ne-metallurgy ye-bellow core. Njengoko ubushushu bunyuka, i-modulus yokuthamba kwesinyithi iyancipha, itshintsha kancinci umthwalo wobuso. Amaqela obunjineli ayayilungisa le nto ngokukhetha ii-alloys ze-nickel eziphezulu kunye nokubala ngokuchanekileyo iseti yoxinzelelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isitywino sigcina amandla okuvala aneleyo nokuba sisebenza kumaqondo obushushu a--75°C okanye ubushushu obugqithisileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-425°C.

Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli ezinxulumene nokuvuza

Nangona ziqinile kakhulu, izitywino zesinyithi ezisebenzisa i-metal bellows azikwazi ukusilela ukuba zisetyenziswe gwenxa. Ukudinwa yi-torsional yindlela yokuqala yokusilela; ukuba i-fluid viscosity iphezulu kakhulu okanye ukuba ipompo isebenza yomile, ukungqubana kwiindawo zesitywino kunokuvelisa i-torque engaphezulu kwamandla okucheba kwee-bellows welds, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ii-convolutions zikrazuke.

Enye indlela yokusilela okunxulumene nokuvuza kukuqhekeka kwe-chloride stress corrosion (CSCC). Ukuba i-metallurgy engafanelekanga, efana ne-standard 300-series stainless steel, isetyenziswa kwindawo ene-saline ephezulu okanye i-chloride eninzi, imifantu emincinci iya kusasazeka ngamagqabi amancinci athambileyo. Okokugqibela, ukugqwetheka kobushushu bobuso besitywina ngenxa yokungapholi ngokwaneleyo okanye ukuhlanjwa kungajika iindawo ezijikelezileyo, kudala umsantsa omninzi ovumela ulwelo lwenkqubo ukuba luphume.

Iintsimbi zeMetal Bellows vs iiPusher Seals

Ukukhetha uyilo olufanelekileyo lwe-mechanical seal kufuna uhlalutyo oluqatha phakathi kwe-metal bellows kunye ne-pusher seals zemveli. Ngelixa i-pusher seals ilawula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye ne-hydrocarbon ekhanyayo ngenxa yexabiso lazo eliphantsi, i-metal bellows sisisombululo esenziwe ngobuchule kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu inkqubo apho imingcele ye-elastomer iba ziimbopheleleko zokusebenza.

Umahluko ophambili ekusebenzeni nakwimida

Umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwezi teknoloji zimbini ukwindlela yesibini yokutywina. Izitywina zokutyhala zisebenzisa i-O-ring okanye i-V-ring eguqukayo ekufuneka ityibilike ecaleni kweshaft okanye kwisleeve ukuze ihlawulele ukuguguleka kobuso. Esi senzo sokutyibilika sibangela ukugquma kweshaft—indlela eyonakalisayo yokuguguleka—kwaye isengozini enkulu yokugquma ukuba ulwelo luyaqina. Izivalo zesinyithi zisebenzisa izitywina zesibini ezingashukumiyo (ngesiqhelo ukupakisha i-graphite okanye ii-O-rings ezingashukumiyo), zisusa ukugquma ngokupheleleyo.

Njengoko kuchaziwe kuthelekiso, ii-pusher seals zithintelwe ngokungqongqo ziinxalenye zazo ze-elastomeric. Kwanezona perfluoroelastomers ziphambili ziwohloka ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kwama-315°C (600°F), ngelixa ii-bellows ezidityaniswe ngomphetho ezakhiwe ngee-alloys ezisebenza kakuhle zinokusebenza kakuhle ngaphaya kwama-400°C.

Ungakhetha nini izitywino zegesi ezilodwa, ezimbini, i-cartridge, okanye ezomileyo

Ulwakhiwo lwe-metal bellows seal kufuneka lulungelelaniswe nenqanaba elithile lomngcipheko wolwelo lwenkqubo. I-single bellows seals zichazwe kwii-fluids ezingenabungozi, ezinobushushu obuphezulu ezifana neeoyile ezishushu, apho ukuvuza okuncinci komphunga kungabeki mngcipheko kwindalo okanye kukhuseleko.

Kwizicelo ze-VOC ezinetyhefu, ezinokutsha, okanye ezilawulwa ngokungqongqo, ulungelelwaniso lwe-dual seal luyimfuneko. I-dual unpressurized seal (API Plan 52) inika indlela yokhuseleko yokuxhasa kwaye ibamba ukukhutshwa, ngelixa i-dual pressurized seal (API Plan 53A/B/C) iqinisekisa ukuba akukho ukukhutshwa kwenkqubo ngokugcina ulwelo oluthintelayo kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunolwelo lwenkqubo.Uqwalaselo lwekhatrijiZithandwa kakhulu kuzo zonke ezi ntlobo, njengoko ziseta kwangaphambili ucinezelo lwe-bellows ethambileyo kumzi-mveliso, zisusa iimpazamo zokufakelwa kumgangatho wevenkile. Izitywino zegesi ezomileyo ezine-bellows zikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo zesigaba somphunga apho ulwelo oluthintela ulwelo lungamkelekanga.

Iinkcukacha, Ufakelo, kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho

Iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo, ukufakelwa ngononophelo, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kubalulekile ekuvuleni amandla apheleleyo okukhupha umbane kwizitywina zesinyithi ezisebenzisa i-mechanical bellows. Isitywina esisebenza kakuhle siya kusilela ngaphambi kwexesha ukuba ulawulo olungqongileyo lwendalo kunye nezicwangciso zokufaka imibhobho azakhelwanga ukuxhasa isiseko saso sokusebenza.

Idatha ebalulekileyo yesicelo ekufuneka ichazwe

Xa kucaciswa isitywino sentsimbi, iinjineli kufuneka zihlalutye amanqaku edatha abalulekileyo angaphaya koxinzelelo kunye nobushushu. I-fluid viscosity yeyona nto ibalulekileyo; i-metal bellows zihlala zilinganiswa ngama-fluids ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,000 cSt. Ukudlula le viscosity ngaphandle kokufudumeza ngokufanelekileyo kunokubangela ukucheba okugqithisileyo kwe-torsional, okuphazamisa i-bellows welds ngexesha lokuqalisa kwepompo.

Umda woxinzelelo lomphunga wolwelo kufuneka ubalwe ukuze kuthintelwe ukudanyaza ebusweni besitywina. Ukuba ulwelo luyajika lube ngumphunga phakathi kobuso bokuqala, lubangela ukubaleka okomileyo, ukuveliswa kobushushu ngokukhawuleza, kunye nomonakalo wobuso kwangoko. Ukongeza, ubunzima obuthile kunye nobukho bezinto ezixhonyiweyo zilawula ukuba uyilo lwe-bellows olujikelezayo okanye olumiyo luyafuneka na, njengoko i-bellows ejikelezayo inokuzicoca ngokwayo ngamandla e-centrifugal kodwa inqunyelwe kwisantya esiphantsi.

Iindlela ezilungileyo zokufaka kunye nokucoca

Impumelelo yokufaka ixhomekeke kakhulu ekuphunyezweni kwezicwangciso ezifanelekileyo ze-API 682 flush. Kwizicelo zokucola ezishushu kakhulu—indlela ephambili yokusetyenziswa kwe-metal bellows—i-API Plan 62 isetyenziswa rhoqo. Esi sicwangciso sazisa i-low-pressure steam quench kwicala lomoya wesitywini, sithintela i-oxidation kunye nokuqina kolwelo lwenkqubo oluphuma ebusweni.

Xa usebenzisa iindlela ezimbini ezixinzelelweyo (iPlani 53A okanye 53B), inkqubo yolwelo lomqobo kufuneka igcinwe ngononophelo. Iindlela ezilungileyo zithi uxinzelelo lolwelo lomqobo kufuneka lugcinwe kwi-differential encinci ye-1.5 ukuya kwi-2.0 bar (22 ukuya kwi-29 psi) ngaphezulu koxinzelelo lwebhokisi yokuzalisa oluphezulu. Ukungaphumeleli ukugcina olu mahluko kuya kubangela ukuba ulwelo lwenkqubo lubuyele umva kwinkqubo yomqobo, lungcolise isitywino kwaye lubeke emngciphekweni umyalelo we-zero-emissions.

Iimfuneko ezifanelekileyo ze-API, i-ISO, kunye nokukhutshwa komoya

Ukuthobela imigangatho yobunjineli bamazwe ngamazwe kuqinisekisa ukuba izitywino zentsimbi ziyahlangabezana nemilinganiselo engqongqo yokuthembeka. I-American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 682 (uHlelo lwesi-4) kunye ne-ISO 21049 zibonelela ngezikhokelo ezicacileyo zokufaneleka kwesitywino. Phantsi kwe-API 682, izitywino zentsimbi ziwela ikakhulu kudidi lwe-Type B (i-rotating bellows) kunye ne-Type C (i-stationary bellows).

Kwiimpompo zeCandelo 2 kunye nele-3 ezisebenza kwiinkonzo ezibalulekileyo zokucocwa, ii-Type C stationary bellows zihlala zigunyaziswe ukuba ziphathe isantya esiphezulu se-shaft kunye nokungahambi kakuhle okukhulu. Ukuhlangabezana nale migaqo ye-API kuqinisekisa ukuba isitywina siye savavanywa ngokwemigangatho emiselweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba siya kugcina iimfuno ezingqongqo zokukhupha umbane, njengokugcina ukuvuza kwe-VOC ngaphantsi kwe-500 ppm kwixesha lokusebenza elingaphazanyiswanga leeyure ezingama-25,000 ubuncinane.

Indlela Yokuvavanya Nokukhetha Isitywina Esifanelekileyo

Ukuvavanya nokukhetha isitywino sesinyithi esifanelekileyo se-mechanical bellows kufuna ukulinganisela imida ye-thermodynamic, ukuhambelana kweekhemikhali, kunye neendleko zomjikelo wobomi. Amaqela obunjineli bokuthembeka kufuneka adlule ngaphaya kwamaxabiso okuqala okuthenga ukuze ahlole indlela ukhetho oluthile lwe-metallurgical kunye noyilo lwe-seal oluya kuyichaphazela ngayo ixesha elide lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo.

Iikhrayitheriya zokukhetha abasebenzisi bokugqibela

Kubasebenzisi bokugqibela, ukukhethwa kwe-bellows metallurgy sesona sigqibo sibalulekileyo, njengoko silawula zombini ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nobomi bokudinwa koomatshini. Iintsimbi eziqinileyo eziqinileyo azifane zanele ukusetyenziswa ngamandla kwimizi-mveliso.

Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-metallurgical selection matrix, i-Inconel 718 ngumgangatho weshishini wokusetyenziswa kweendawo zokucocisa ezishushu kakhulu, inika amandla okudinwa agqwesileyo. I-Hastelloy C-276 ichazwa xa inkqubo iqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu e-chloride okanye i-hydrogen sulfide, enokubangela ngokukhawuleza ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo kwi-alloys ezincinci.

Isikhokelo sokugqibela samaqela okugcina nokuthembeka

Amaqela okugcina nokuthembekakufuneka bavavanye ukukhethwa kwesitywina ngelensi yeTotal Cost of Ownership (TCO). Nangona isitywina sesinyithi esenziwe ngobunjineli obupheleleyo, esifana nekhatriji, sinexabiso eliphantsi le-20% ukuya kwi-30% ngaphezu kwesitywina sokutyhala esifanayo, ukususwa kokutshintshwa kwesingxobo seshaft kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elingalindelekanga kunciphisa ngokukhawuleza olu tyalo-mali lokuqala.

Isikhokelo sokugqibela seenkqubo zokuthembeka siquka ukumisela izalathisi zokusebenza eziphambili (ii-KPI) ezingqongqo kwizixhobo ezijikelezayo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kunye nesizathu seMetal Bellows Mechanical Seals
• Iinkcukacha, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko okufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele
• Amanyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso abafundi abanokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Kutheni le nto izitywino zesinyithi ezisebenzisa i-mechanical bellows zivuza kancinci kunezitywino zokutyhala?

Zisusa i-O-ring eguquguqukayo, indlela eqhelekileyo yokuvuza. Iintsimbi zesinyithi ezidityanisiweyo zibonelela ngomthwalo ofanayo wobuso kunye nesitywina sesibini esingashukumiyo, kunciphisa ukuxinana, ukuxhoma, kunye nokukhutshwa komoya okubalekayo.

Ndingayikhetha nini intsimbi etywiniweyo yoomatshini?

Yikhethe kwiinkonzo zobushushu obuphezulu, ezibolayo, ezicokisayo, okanye eziqinisa iikristale apho ii-elastomers zingaphumeleli khona. Iluncedo ngakumbi kwiikhemikhali, ioyile negesi, umbane, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepompo yolwandle.

Ngaba izitywino zesinyithi ezisetyenziswa ngoomatshini zinokuxhasa iinjongo zokukhupha umbane ngaphandle kokukhupha umoya?

Ewe. Izikhonkwane zazo ezifakwe kwi-hermetically kunye ne-static secondary sealing zinceda ukugcina ukuvuza kwe-VOC kuphantsi kakhulu, kuxhasa iinjongo ezingqongqo zokukhupha ukungcola kwizityalo kunye neenkqubo zokugcinwa ezigxile ekuthobeleni imithetho.

Yeyiphi imida yokusebenza ekufuneka abathengi bayijonge ngaphambi kokuba bayikhethe?

Qinisekisa ubushushu benkqubo, uxinzelelo, ukubola kwemidiya, intshukumo yeshaft, kunye nemodeli yepompo. Uyilo oluqhelekileyo ludla ngokufanela uxinzelelo oluphakathi, ngelixa i-bellows ene-multi-ply isetyenziselwa imisebenzi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Ngaba iVictor Seals inika izitywini zentsimbi ezihambelana ne-OEM kwiimpompo zemizi-mveliso?

Ewe. I-Victor Seals yenza izitywino zoomatshini ezenziwe ngentsimbi kunye nezinye ezitshintshayo ezihambelana ne-OEM kwiimfuno ezininzi zokugcinwa kwepompo, kuquka iimpawu ezifana neGrundfos, IMO, Alfa Laval, kunye ne-Allweiler.