Izitywina zomoya zempompo ye-booster ephindwe kabini, eguqulelwe kwitekhnoloji ye-compressor air seal, ixhaphake kakhulu kwishishini le-shaft seal.Ezi zitywina zibonelela ngokukhutshwa kwe-zero yolwelo olumponlweyo kwi-atmosfera, ukubonelela ngokumelana okuncinci kwi-shaft yepompo kunye nokusebenza ngenkqubo yenkxaso elula.Ezi zibonelelo zibonelela ngeendleko eziphantsi zomjikelo wobomi.
Ezi zitywina zisebenza ngokuzisa umthombo wangaphandle wegesi enoxinzelelo phakathi kwendawo yokutywina yangaphakathi nangaphandle.I-Topography ethile yendawo yokutywina ibeka uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwigesi yesithintelo, ebangela ukuba indawo yokutywina yahlukane, ibangele ukuba umphezulu wokutywina udada kwifilimu yegesi.Ilahleko yefriction iphantsi njengoko umphezulu wokutywina ungasachukumisi.Irhasi yesithintelo idlula kwi-membrane ngesantya esiphantsi sokuhamba, idla i-barrier gas ngendlela yokuvuza, ininzi yayo ivuza kwi-atmosphere ngokusebenzisa iindawo ezingaphandle zetywina.Intsalela ingena kwigumbi lokutywina kwaye ekugqibeleni ithwalwa ngumsinga wenkqubo.
Zonke izitywina eziphindwe kabini ze-hermetic zifuna ulwelo olucinezelekileyo (ulwelo okanye igesi) phakathi kwendawo yangaphakathi nangaphandle yendibano yokutywina ngoomatshini.Inkqubo yokuxhasa iyafuneka ukuhambisa olu lwelo kwitywina.Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kulwelo olutyibilikisiweyo olutywinwe kabini, ulwelo lwesithintelo lujikeleza ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina amanzi ngetywina lomatshini, apho luthambisa umphezulu wetywina, lufunxa ubushushu, kwaye lubuyela kwidama apho lufuna ukukhupha ubushushu obufunthiweyo.Ezi nkqubo zenkxaso yoxinzelelo lwetywina ezimbini zintsonkothile.Imithwalo ye-thermal iyanda kunye noxinzelelo lwenkqubo kunye nobushushu kwaye inokubangela iingxaki zokuthembeka ukuba ingabalwa kakuhle kwaye ibekwe.
Inkqubo yokuxhasa itywina lomoya ocinezelweyo ithatha indawo encinci, ayifuni manzi okupholisa, kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci.Ukongezelela, xa umthombo othembekileyo wokukhusela igesi ekhoyo, ukuthembeka kwayo kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwenkqubo kunye nobushushu.
Ngenxa yokwamkelwa okukhulayo kweempompo zomoya ezimbini zoxinzelelo kwimarike, i-American Petroleum Institute (API) yongeze iNkqubo 74 njengenxalenye yokupapashwa koshicilelo lwesibini lwe-API 682.
74 Inkqubo yenkxaso yenkqubo ngokuqhelekileyo iseti yeegeyiji ezifakwe kwiphaneli kunye neevalvu ezicoca isithintelo serhasi, ilawule uxinzelelo olusezantsi, kunye nomlinganiselo woxinzelelo kunye nokuhamba kwerhasi ukuya kumatywina oomatshini.Ukulandela indlela yegesi yesithintelo ngepaneli yePlani 74, into yokuqala yivalve yokutshekisha.Oku kuvumela unikezelo lwerhasi yesithintelo ukuba lube lodwa kwitywina lokutshintshwa kwezinto zokucoca okanye ukugcinwa kwempompo.Irhasi yesithintelo ngoko idlula kwi-2 ukuya kwi-3 ye-micrometer (µm) yokucoca ifiltha ethi ibambe ulwelo kunye namasuntswana anokonakalisa imbonakalo yokwakheka komhlaba kumphezulu wetywina, yenze ifilimu yerhasi kumphezulu womphezulu wetywina.Oku kulandelwa ngumlawuli woxinzelelo kunye ne-manometer yokubeka uxinzelelo lokunikezelwa kwegesi yesithintelo kwisitywina somatshini.
Ukutywinwa kwegesi yempompo yoxinzelelo oluphindwe kabini kufuna umqobo woxinzelelo lonikezelo lwerhasi ukuhlangabezana okanye ukudlula ubuncinci boxinzelelo oluhlukileyo ngaphezu koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwigumbi lokutywina.Olu xinzelelo luncinci lwehla luyohluka ngokomenzi wetywina kunye nohlobo, kodwa luqhelekile malunga neeponti ezingama-30 nge-intshi nganye yesikwere (psi).Ukutshintshwa koxinzelelo kusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa naziphi na iingxaki kunye noxinzelelo lokubonelela ngegesi yomqobo kunye nesandi se-alamu ukuba uxinzelelo lwehla ngaphantsi kwexabiso elincinci.
Ukusebenza kwesitywina kulawulwa ngumqobo wokuhamba kwegesi usebenzisa i-flow meter.Ukutenxa kumazinga okuhamba kwerhasi yotywino exelwe ngabavelisi bomatshini bokutywina kubonisa ukuncitshiswa kokutywinwa kokusebenza.Umqobo ocuthiweyo wokuhamba kwerhasi unokuba ngenxa yokujikeleziswa kwempompo okanye ukufuduka kolwelo kubuso betywina (ukusuka kwirhasi yesithintelo engcolisekileyo okanye ulwelo lwenkqubo).
Ngokuqhelekileyo, emva kweziganeko ezinjalo, umonakalo kwiindawo zokutywinwa kwenzeka, kwaye ke umqobo wokuhamba kwegesi uyanda.Ukunyuka koxinzelelo kwimpompo okanye ilahleko eyinxenye yoxinzelelo lwegesi yesithintelo nako kunokonakalisa umphezulu wokutywina.Ii-alamu zokuhamba okuphezulu zingasetyenziselwa ukumisela xa kufuneka ungenelelo ukulungisa ukuhamba kwegesi ephezulu.I-setpoint ye-alamu ehambayo ephezulu ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-10 ukuya kwi-100 amaxesha okuhamba kwegesi yesithintelo esiqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo asinqunywanga ngumenzi we-mechanical seal, kodwa kuxhomekeke ekubeni ingakanani igesi yokuvuza ipompo inokunyamezela.
Ngokwesiqhelo ii-flowmeters zegauge eziguquguqukayo zisetyenzisiwe kwaye akuqhelekanga ukuba ii-flowmeters ezisezantsi neziphezulu zidityaniswe kuthotho.Ukutshintsha kokuhamba okuphezulu kunokufakwa kwimitha yoluhlu oluphezulu lokuhamba ukuze unike i-alamu yokuhamba okuphezulu.Ii-flowmeters zendawo eziguquguqukayo zinokulinganiswa kuphela kwiigesi ezithile kumaqondo obushushu athile kunye noxinzelelo.Xa usebenza phantsi kwezinye iimeko, ezifana nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa phakathi kwehlobo nobusika, izinga lokuhamba elibonisiweyo alikwazi kuthathwa njengexabiso elichanekileyo, kodwa lisondele kwixabiso langempela.
Ngokukhutshwa kwe-API 682 i-4th edition, ukuhamba kunye nemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo iye yasuka kwi-analog ukuya kwidijithali ngokufundwa kwendawo.Ii-flowmeters zedijithali zingasetyenziswa njengee-flowmeters zendawo eziguquguqukayo, eziguqula indawo ye-float ibe yimiqondiso yedijithali, okanye ii-flowmeters zobunzima, eziguqula ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhamba kobuninzi ukuya kwivolumu.Isici esahlulayo se-mass flow transmitters kukuba zibonelela ngeziphumo ezihlawulela uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu ukubonelela ukuhamba kokwenene phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo ze-atmospheric.Ukungalungi kukuba ezi zixhobo zibiza kakhulu kunee-flowmeters zendawo eguquguqukayo.
Ingxaki ngokusebenzisa i-flow transmitter kukufumana i-transmitter ekwazi ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwegesi yesithintelo ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunye nakwiindawo eziphezulu ze-alamu.Abenzi boluvo abahambahambayo banamaxabiso aphezulu kunye nobuncinci anokufundwa ngokuchanekileyo.Phakathi kokuhamba kwe-zero kunye nexabiso elincinci, ukuphuma kwemveliso kunokuchaneka.Ingxaki kukuba njengoko ubuninzi bezinga lokuhamba kwemodeli ethile ye-flow transducer inyuka, umlinganiselo omncinci wokuhamba uyanyuka.
Esinye isisombululo kukusebenzisa ii-transmitter ezimbini (i-frequency enye ephantsi kunye ne-frequency enye ephezulu), kodwa olu lukhetho olubiza kakhulu.Indlela yesibini kukusebenzisa i-sensor ye-flow ye-flow flow range kwaye usebenzise i-highflow switch kunye ne-high range flow meter.Icandelo lokugqibela igesi yokuthintela idlula i-valve yokutshekisha phambi kokuba igesi yesithintelo ishiye ipaneli kwaye idibanise kwisitywina somatshini.Oku kuyimfuneko ukukhusela umva we-liquid pumped kwiphaneli kunye nomonakalo kwisixhobo xa kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo engaqhelekanga.
Ivalve yokukhangela kufuneka ibe noxinzelelo oluphantsi lokuvula.Ukuba ukhetho alulunganga, okanye ukuba isitywina somoya sempompo yoxinzelelo olubini lunomqobo ophantsi wokuhamba kwegesi, kunokubonwa ukuba i-barrier gas flow pulsation ibangelwa ukuvulwa kunye nokuhlaziywa kwe-valve yokukhangela.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-nitrogen yezityalo isetyenziswa njengesithintelo segesi kuba ifumaneka ngokulula, inert kwaye ayibangeli nakuphi na ukuchasana kweekhemikhali kulwelo olumponthiweyo.Iigesi ze-inert ezingafumanekiyo, ezifana ne-argon, nazo zingasetyenziswa.Kwiimeko apho uxinzelelo lwegesi olufunekayo lukhuselwe ngaphezu koxinzelelo lwe-nitrogen yesityalo, i-booster yoxinzelelo inokunyusa uxinzelelo kwaye igcine igesi ephezulu yoxinzelelo kwi-receiver exhunywe kwi-Plan 74 panel inlet.Iibhotile ze-nitrogen ezisebhotileni azikhuthazwa ngokubanzi njengoko zifuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo kweesilinda ezingenanto kunye nezipheleleyo.Ukuba umgangatho wetywina uwohloka, ibhotile inokuchithwa ngokukhawuleza, ibangele ukuba ipompo iyeke ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kunye nokungaphumeleli kwesitywina somatshini.
Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zokuthintela ulwelo, iinkqubo zenkxaso zePlani 74 azifuni kufutshane nezitywina zoomatshini.I-caveat kuphela apha licandelo elongezelelweyo lombhobho omncinci wedayamitha.Ukuhla koxinzelelo phakathi kwepaneli yePlani 74 kunye nokutywinwa kunokwenzeka kumbhobho ngexesha lokuhamba okuphezulu (ukutshatyalaliswa kwetywina), okunciphisa uxinzelelo lomqobo olukhoyo kwi-seal.Ukwandisa ubungakanani bombhobho kunokusombulula le ngxaki.Njengomthetho, iipaneli zeCwangciso ze-74 zifakwe kwisigxina kwindawo efanelekileyo yokulawula iivalve kunye nokufundwa kwesixhobo sokufunda.I-bracket inokufakwa kwi-pump base plate okanye ecaleni kwempompo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhlolwa kunye nokugcinwa kwempompo.Kuphephe ukukhubeka kwiingozi kwimibhobho/imibhobho edibanisa iPlani 74 iiphaneli ezinezitywina zoomatshini.
Kwiimpompo ze-inter-bearing kunye nezitywina ezimbini zoomatshini, enye ekupheleni kompompo, akukhuthazwa ukuba kusetyenziswe ipaneli enye kunye ne-barrier barrier gas outlet kwisitywina ngasinye somatshini.Isisombululo esicetyiswayo kukusebenzisa iphaneli yePlan 74 eyahlukileyo kwisitywina ngasinye, okanye ipaneli yePlan 74 eneziphumo ezimbini, nganye inesethi yayo yee-flowmeters kunye nokutshintsha kokuhamba.Kwiindawo ezinobusika obubandayo kunokufuneka ukuba ubusika bugqithise iipaneli zePlani 74.Oku kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ukukhusela izixhobo zombane zepaneli, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokufaka ipaneli kwikhabhinethi kunye nokongeza izinto zokufudumeza.
Into enomdla yeyokuba izinga lokuhamba kwerhasi yesithintelo liyenyuka ngokuncipha kobushushu bokubonelela ngerhasi.Oku kuhlala kungaqatshelwa, kodwa kunokuphawuleka kwiindawo ezinobusika obubandayo okanye umahluko omkhulu wobushushu phakathi kwehlobo nobusika.Kwezinye iimeko, kunokufuneka ukuba ulungelelanise i-alarm ephezulu yokubeka indawo yokukhusela i-alamu yobuxoki.Imibhobho yomoya yephaneli kunye nemibhobho yokudibanisa/imibhobho kufuneka icocwe phambi kokuba kubekwe iipaneli zePlani 74 kwinkonzo.Oku kuphunyezwa ngokulula ngokudibanisa ivalve yokukhupha umoya okanye kufutshane nodibaniso lomatshini lokutywina.Ukuba i-valve yokuphuma kwegazi ayifumaneki, inkqubo inokuhlanjululwa ngokukhupha ityhubhu / ityhubhu ukusuka kwisitywina somatshini kwaye iphinde idibanise emva kokucoca.
Emva kokudibanisa iipaneli zePlani ye-74 kwiimpawu kunye nokutshekisha zonke izidibaniso zokuvuza, umlawuli woxinzelelo ngoku unokulungiswa kuxinzelelo olubekiwe kwisicelo.Iphaneli kufuneka ibonelele ngegesi yesithintelo esicinezelekileyo kwisitywina somatshini ngaphambi kokuzalisa impompo ngenkqubo yolwelo.Izitywina zePlani 74 kunye neephaneli zilungele ukuqalisa xa inkqubo yokumpompa kunye nokukhupha umoya sele igqityiwe.
Isihluzo kufuneka sihlolwe emva kwenyanga yokusebenza okanye rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuba akukho ngcoliseko lufunyenweyo.Ikhefu lokutshintshwa kwesihluzi liya kuxhomekeka kucoceko lwerhasi enikezelweyo, kodwa kufuneka lingagqithi kwiminyaka emithathu.
Izithintelo zerhasi kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zirekhodwe ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwesiqhelo.Ukuba isithintelo sokuhamba komoya esibangelwa kukuvulwa kunye nokuvalwa kwevalve sikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba siqalise i-alamu yokuhamba okuphezulu, la maxabiso e-alarm anokufuna ukwandiswa ukunqanda ii-alamu zobuxoki.
Isinyathelo esibalulekileyo ekupheliseni umsebenzi kukuba ukuhlukaniswa kunye noxinzelelo lwegesi yokukhusela kufuneka ibe yinyathelo lokugqibela.Okokuqala, hlukanisa kwaye ucinezele i-casing pump.Emva kokuba ipompo ikwimeko ekhuselekileyo, uxinzelelo lwegesi olukhuselayo lunokuvalwa kwaye uxinzelelo lwegesi lususwe kwipayipi edibanisa iphaneli yePlani 74 kwisitywina somatshini.Khupha lonke ulwelo kwisistim phambi kokuba uqalise nawuphi na umsebenzi wokulungisa.
Iimpawu zomoya zempompo zoxinzelelo ezimbini ezidityaniswe nePlani 74 yeenkqubo zokuxhasa zibonelela abaqhubi ngesisombululo se-zero-emission shaft seal, utyalo-mali oluphantsi lwenkunzi (xa kuthelekiswa nokutywinwa kunye neenkqubo zokuthintela ulwelo), iindleko zomjikelo wobomi obuncitshisiweyo, inkqubo encinci yenkxaso kunye neemfuneko zenkonzo encinci.
Xa ifakwe kwaye iqhutywe ngokuhambelana neyona ndlela isebenzayo, esi sisombululo sokukhusela sinokubonelela ngokuthembeka kwexesha elide kunye nokwandisa ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezijikelezayo.
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UMark Savage ngumphathi weqela lemveliso kuJohn Crane.USavage unesidanga seNzululwazi kubuNjineli kwiYunivesithi yaseSydney, eOstreliya.Ngolwazi oluthe kratya ndwendwela johncrane.com.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-08-2022