Iiseal zomoya zepompo ye-double booster, ezilungiselelwe ubuchwepheshe be-compressor air seal, zixhaphake kakhulu kushishino lwe-shaft seal. Ezi seal azikhupheli ulwelo olupompelweyo emoyeni, aziniki mandla okungqubana kwi-pump shaft kwaye zisebenza ngenkqubo yokuxhasa elula. Ezi zibonelelo zibonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi lesisombululo ngokubanzi.
Ezi zitywino zisebenza ngokungenisa umthombo wangaphandle wegesi exinzelelweyo phakathi kweendawo zokuvala zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. I-topography ethile yomphezulu wokuvala ibeka uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwigesi yokuthintela, ibangela ukuba umphezulu wokuvala wahlukane, ibangela ukuba umphezulu wokuvala untante kwifilimu yegesi. Ukulahlekelwa yi-froction kuphantsi njengoko iindawo zokuvala zingasachukumisi. Igesi yokuthintela idlula kwi-membrane ngesantya esiphantsi sokuhamba, itya igesi yokuthintela ngendlela yokuvuza, uninzi lwayo luvuza emoyeni ngeendawo zokuvala zangaphandle. Intsalela ingena kwigumbi lokuvala kwaye ekugqibeleni ithwalwa ngumsinga wenkqubo.
Zonke izitywino eziphindwe kabini ezifakwe umoya zifuna ulwelo oluxinzelelweyo (ulwelo okanye igesi) phakathi kweendawo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zendibano yesitywino soomatshini. Inkqubo yokuxhasa iyadingeka ukuhambisa olu lwelo kwisitywino. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kwisitywino esiphindwe kabini soxinzelelo olumanzi, ulwelo oluthintelayo lujikeleza ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina amanzi ngesisitywino soomatshini, apho luthambisa khona iindawo zesitywino, lufunxe ubushushu, kwaye lubuyele kwindawo yokugcina amanzi apho kufuneka lukhuphe ubushushu obufunxekileyo. Ezi nkqubo zokuxhasa isitywino esiphindwe kabini soxinzelelo lolwelo ziyinkimbinkimbi. Imithwalo yobushushu iyanda ngoxinzelelo lwenkqubo kunye nobushushu kwaye inokubangela iingxaki zokuthembeka ukuba ayibalwanga kwaye imiselwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Inkqubo yokuxhasa i-compressed air double seal ayithathi ndawo ingako, ayifuni manzi okupholisa, kwaye ayifuni kugcinwa kakuhle. Ukongeza, xa kukho umthombo othembekileyo wegesi yokukhusela, ukuthembeka kwayo akuxhomekekanga kuxinzelelo lwenkqubo kunye nobushushu.
Ngenxa yokwamkelwa okukhulayo kwe-dual pressure pump air seals kwimarike, i-American Petroleum Institute (API) yongeze iNkqubo 74 njengenxalenye yokupapashwa kohlelo lwesibini lwe-API 682.
74 Inkqubo yokuxhasa inkqubo idla ngokuba yiseti yeegeyiji kunye neevalvu ezifakwe kwiphaneli ezicoca igesi yomqobo, zilawule uxinzelelo olusezantsi, kwaye zilinganise uxinzelelo kunye nokuhamba kwegesi ukuya kwiitywina zoomatshini. Ukulandela indlela yegesi yomqobo kwiphaneli yePlan 74, into yokuqala yivalvu yokujonga. Oku kuvumela ukuba unikezelo lwegesi yomqobo luhlukaniswe kwisitywina ukuze kutshintshwe izinto zesihluzo okanye kugcinwe ipompo. Igesi yomqobo emva koko idlula kwisihluzo sokuhlanganisa esingama-2 ukuya kuma-3 micrometer (µm) esibamba ulwelo kunye neenxalenye ezinokonakalisa iimpawu ze-topographical zomphezulu wesitywina, zenze ifilimu yegesi kumphezulu wesitywina. Oku kulandelwa ngumlawuli woxinzelelo kunye ne-manometer yokuseta uxinzelelo lonikezelo lwegesi yomqobo kwisitywina soomatshini.
Izitywino zegesi zempompo yoxinzelelo oluphindwe kabini zifuna uxinzelelo lonikezelo lwegesi yomqobo ukuba luhlangabezane okanye ludlule uxinzelelo oluncinci lomahluko ngaphezu koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwigumbi lesitywino. Olu xinzelelo luncinci luyahluka ngokwemveliso yesitywino kunye nohlobo lwaso, kodwa luhlala lumalunga neepawundi ezingama-30 nge-intshi yesikwere (psi). Iswitshi yoxinzelelo isetyenziselwa ukubona naziphi na iingxaki ngoxinzelelo lonikezelo lwegesi yomqobo kunye nokukhwaza i-alamu ukuba uxinzelelo lwehla ngaphantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi.
Ukusebenza kwesitywino kulawulwa kukuhamba kwegesi yesithintelo kusetyenziswa imitha yokuhamba. Ukuphambuka kwizinga lokuhamba kwegesi yesitywino ezixelwe ngabavelisi besitywino soomatshini kubonisa ukusebenza okunciphileyo kokutywina. Ukuhamba okunciphileyo kwegesi yesithintelo kusenokuba ngenxa yokujikeleza kwepompo okanye ukufuduka kolwelo ukuya ebusweni besitywino (kusuka kwigesi yesithintelo engcolileyo okanye ulwelo lwenkqubo).
Rhoqo, emva kweziganeko ezinjalo, kwenzeka umonakalo kwiindawo zokuvala, uze emva koko ukuhamba kwegesi yomqobo kunyuke. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwipompo okanye ukulahleka okuncinci koxinzelelo lwegesi yomqobo nako kunokonakalisa umphezulu wokuvala. Ii-alamu ezihambayo kakhulu zingasetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba kufuneka nini ukungenelela ukulungisa ukuhamba kwegesi ephezulu. Indawo emiselweyo ye-alamu yokuhambayo ephezulu idla ngokuba phakathi kwamaxesha ali-10 ukuya kwali-100 okuhamba kwegesi yomqobo eqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ayimiselwanga ngumvelisi wesitywina soomatshini, kodwa kuxhomekeke ekubeni ipompo inokunyamezela ukuvuza kwegesi okungakanani.
Ngokwesiko kuye kwasetyenziswa ii-flowmeters eziguquguqukayo kwaye akuqhelekanga ukuba ii-flowmeters ezisezantsi neziphezulu ziqhagamshelwe ngokulandelelana. Iswitshi yokugeleza okuphezulu ingafakwa kwi-flowmeter yomgama ophezulu ukunika i-alamu yokugeleza okuphezulu. Ii-flowmeters zendawo eziguquguqukayo zinokulinganiswa kuphela kwiigesi ezithile kumaqondo obushushu athile kunye noxinzelelo. Xa zisebenza phantsi kwezinye iimeko, ezifana nokuguquguquka kobushushu phakathi kwehlobo nobusika, izinga lokugeleza elibonisiweyo alinakuthathwa njengexabiso elichanekileyo, kodwa lisondele kwixabiso lokwenyani.
Ngokukhutshwa kwe-API 682 4th edition, imilinganiselo yokuhamba kunye noxinzelelo isuke kwi-analog ukuya kwi-digital ngokufundwa kwendawo. Ii-digital flowmeters zingasetyenziswa njengee-variable area flowmeters, eziguqula indawo yokudada ibe ziisignali zedijithali, okanye ii-mass flowmeters, eziguqula ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhamba kobuninzi kube yi-volume flow. Uphawu olwahlukileyo lwee-mass flow transmitters kukuba zibonelela ngemveliso ehlawulela uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu ukuze zibonelele ngokuhamba kokwenyani phantsi kweemeko zomoya eziqhelekileyo. Ingxaki kukuba ezi zixhobo zibiza kakhulu kunee-variable area flowmeters.
Ingxaki yokusebenzisa i-flow transmitter kukufumana i-transmitter ekwaziyo ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwegesi ethintelayo ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo nakwiindawo zokulumkisa ukuhamba okuphezulu. Izinzwa zokuhamba zinexabiso eliphezulu neliphantsi elinokufundwa ngokuchanekileyo. Phakathi kokuhamba okungu-zero kunye nexabiso elincinci, ukuhamba kokuphuma kusenokungachaneki. Ingxaki kukuba njengoko izinga eliphezulu lokuhamba kwemodeli ethile ye-flow transducer lisanda, izinga elincinci lokuhamba nalo liyanda.
Isisombululo esinye kukusebenzisa ii-transmitter ezimbini (enye ine-frequency ephantsi nenye ine-frequency ephezulu), kodwa olu khetho lubiza kakhulu. Indlela yesibini kukusebenzisa i-flow sensor kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokuhamba kombane kwaye usebenzise iswitshi yokuhamba kombane ephezulu ene-analog flow meter ephezulu. Icandelo lokugqibela igesi ethintelayo edlula kulo yivalvu yokujonga ngaphambi kokuba igesi ethintelayo iphume kwiphaneli kwaye iqhagamshele kwisitywina somatshini. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukubuyela umva kolwelo olupompelweyo kwiphaneli kunye nomonakalo kwisixhobo xa kukho ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo engaqhelekanga.
Ivalvu yokukhangela kufuneka ibe noxinzelelo oluphantsi lokuvula. Ukuba ukhetho alulunganga, okanye ukuba isitywino somoya sepompo yoxinzelelo oluphindwe kabini sinokuhamba kwegesi ethintelayo okuphantsi, kunokubonwa ukuba ukubetha kwegesi ethintelayo kubangelwa kukuvulwa nokubekwa kwakhona kwevalvu yokukhangela.
Ngokubanzi, i-nitrogen yezityalo isetyenziswa njengegesi yokuthintela kuba ifumaneka lula, ayisebenzi kwaye ayibangeli naziphi na iimpembelelo ezimbi zeekhemikhali kulwelo olupompelweyo. Iigesi ezingasebenziyo ezingafumanekiyo, ezifana ne-argon, nazo zingasetyenziswa. Kwimeko apho uxinzelelo lwegesi olufunekayo lungaphezulu koxinzelelo lwe-nitrogen yezityalo, i-pressure booster inokunyusa uxinzelelo kwaye igcine igesi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-receiver eqhagamshelwe kwi-Plan 74 panel inlet. Iibhotile ze-nitrogen zebhotile azikhuthazwa kuba zifuna ukutshintsha rhoqo ii-cylinders ezingenanto ngezipheleleyo. Ukuba umgangatho we-seal uyawohloka, ibhotile inokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ipompo ime ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kunye nokungaphumeleli kwe-mechanical seal.
Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zokuthintela ulwelo, iinkqubo zokuxhasa zePlan 74 azifuni kufutshane nezitywino zoomatshini. Isilumkiso kuphela apha licandelo elide letyhubhu encinci enobubanzi. Ukwehla koxinzelelo phakathi kwephaneli yePlan 74 kunye nesitywino kunokwenzeka kumbhobho ngexesha lokuhamba kwamanzi aphezulu (ukuwohloka kwesitywino), okunciphisa uxinzelelo lokuthintela olufumaneka kwisitywino. Ukwandisa ubungakanani bombhobho kunokusombulula le ngxaki. Njengomthetho, iiphaneli zePlan 74 zifakelwa kwisitendi esiphakamileyo esifanelekileyo sokulawula iivalvu kunye nokufundwa kwezixhobo zokufunda. Isibiyeli sinokufakelwa kwipleyiti yesiseko sepompo okanye ecaleni kwepompo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhlolwa kunye nokugcinwa kwepompo. Kuphephe iingozi zokukhubeka kwimibhobho/iipayipi ezidibanisa iiphaneli zePlan 74 ngezitywino zoomatshini.
Kwiimpompo ezithwala amanzi ezinamacala amabini oomatshini, elinye likwicala ngalinye lempompo, akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa iphaneli enye kunye nokwahlula i-barrier gas outlet kwi-mechanical seal nganye. Isisombululo esicetyiswayo kukusebenzisa iphaneli eyahlukileyo yePlan 74 kwi-seal nganye, okanye iphaneli yePlan 74 eneziphumo ezimbini, nganye ineseti yayo yee-flowmeters kunye neeswitshi zokuhamba kwamanzi. Kwiindawo ezinobusika obubandayo, kunokufuneka ukuba iiphaneli zePlan 74 zihlale ixesha elide ebusika. Oku kwenziwa ngokuyintloko ukukhusela izixhobo zombane zephaneli, ngesiqhelo ngokufaka iphaneli kwikhabhinethi kunye nokongeza izinto zokufudumeza.
Into enomdla kukuba izinga lokuhamba kwegesi yomqobo liyanda ngokuncipha kobushushu bokunikezelwa kwegesi yomqobo. Oku kudla ngokungaqatshelwa, kodwa kunokubonakala kwiindawo ezinobusika obubandayo okanye umahluko omkhulu wobushushu phakathi kwehlobo nobusika. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokufuneka ulungise indawo yokuseta i-alamu yokuhamba okuphezulu ukuthintela ii-alamu zobuxoki. Iipayipi zomoya zephaneli kunye neepayipi/iipayipi ezidibanisayo kufuneka zicocwe ngaphambi kokufaka iiphaneli zePlan 74 kwinkonzo. Oku kufezekiswa lula ngokongeza ivalvu yomoya kwindawo okanye kufutshane noqhagamshelo lwe-mechanical seal. Ukuba ivalvu ephuma igazi ayifumaneki, inkqubo inokucocwa ngokususa ityhubhu/ityhubhu kwisitywina somatshini uze uyidibanise kwakhona emva kokucoca.
Emva kokudibanisa iiphaneli zePlan 74 kwizitywini nokujonga zonke iziqhagamshelo ukuba azivuzi na, umlawuli woxinzelelo ngoku unokulungiswa kuxinzelelo olumiselweyo kwisicelo. Iphaneli kufuneka inikezele ngegesi yokuthintela uxinzelelo kwisitywini soomatshini ngaphambi kokuba izalise ipompo ngolwelo lwenkqubo. Izitywini zePlan 74 kunye neephaneli zilungele ukuqala xa iinkqubo zokugunyazisa kunye nokukhupha umoya kwipompo zigqityiwe.
Isixhobo sesihluzo kufuneka sihlolwe emva kwenyanga yokusebenza okanye rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuba akukho ngcoliseko ifunyenweyo. Ixesha lokutshintsha isihluzo lixhomekeke ekubeni igesi enikiweyo icocekile na, kodwa akufuneki lidlule iminyaka emithathu.
Amanqanaba egesi yomqobo kufuneka ahlolwe aze arekhodwe ngexesha lokuhlolwa rhoqo. Ukuba ukutyibilika komoya womqobo okubangelwa kukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwevalvu yokujonga kukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukubangela i-alamu yokuhamba kwamanzi aphezulu, la maxabiso e-alamu anokufuneka anyuswe ukuze kuthintelwe ii-alamu zobuxoki.
Inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekususeni igesi yokukhusela kukuba ukuhlukaniswa kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegesi yokukhusela kufuneka kube linyathelo lokugqibela. Okokuqala, hlukanisa kwaye unciphise uxinzelelo lwekhava yepompo. Nje ukuba ipompo ikwimeko ekhuselekileyo, uxinzelelo lokuhambisa igesi yokukhusela lunokuvalwa kwaye uxinzelelo lwegesi lususwe kwipayipi edibanisa iphaneli yePlan 74 kwisitywina soomatshini. Khupha lonke ulwelo kwinkqubo ngaphambi kokuba uqalise nawuphi na umsebenzi wokulungisa.
Iimpompo zoxinzelelo ezimbini zomoya ezidityaniswe neenkqubo zenkxaso zePlan 74 zibonelela abaqhubi ngesisombululo semjelo yomngxuma ongenakukhutshwa, utyalo-mali oluphantsi (xa kuthelekiswa nezimjelo ezineenkqubo zokuthintela ulwelo), iindleko eziphantsi zomjikelo wobomi, indawo encinci yenkqubo yenkxaso kunye neemfuno ezincinci zenkonzo.
Xa ifakiwe kwaye isetyenziswa ngokwendlela efanelekileyo yokusebenza, esi sisombululo sokukhusela sinokubonelela ngokuthembeka kwexesha elide kwaye sonyuse ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezijikelezayo.
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UMark Savage ngumphathi weqela lemveliso eJohn Crane. USavage uneBachelor of Science in Engineering kwiYunivesithi yaseSydney, eOstreliya. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya ndwendwela ijohncrane.com.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-08-2022