iimpompo zezona zisebenzisa kakhulu izitywina zoomatshini. Njengoko igama lisitsho, izitywina zoomatshini zizitywina zohlobo loqhagamshelwano, ezahlulwe kwizitywina ezingahambelaniyo ne-aerodynamic okanye i-labyrinth.Izivatho zoomatshinizikwachazwa njengetywina loomatshini elilinganayo okanyeisitywino soomatshini esingalinganiyoOku kubhekiselele kwipesenti yoxinzelelo lwenkqubo, ukuba lukhona, olunokuza ngasemva kobuso besitywini esingashukumiyo. Ukuba ubuso besitywini abutyhalelwanga ebusweni obujikelezayo (njengakwisitywini sohlobo lwe-pusher) okanye ulwelo lwenkqubo kuxinzelelo olufuna ukutywinwa aluvumelekanga ukuba lungene ngasemva kobuso besitywini, uxinzelelo lwenkqubo luya kuvuthuza ubuso besitywini ngasemva luvuleke. Umyili wesitywini kufuneka aqwalasele zonke iimeko zokusebenza ukuze ayile isitywini ngamandla okuvala afunekayo kodwa kungabi ngamandla amaninzi kangangokuba umthwalo weyunithi kubuso besitywini esiguqukayo udala ubushushu kunye nokuguguleka okukhulu. Olu lulungelelwano olubuthathaka olwenza okanye oluphula ukuthembeka kwepompo.
isitywina esiguqukayo sijongene ngokuvumela amandla okuvula endaweni yendlela eqhelekileyo yokwenza
ukulinganisela amandla okuvala, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla. Ayisusi amandla okuvala afunekayo kodwa inika umyili wepompo kunye nomsebenzisi elinye iqhosha lokujika ngokuvumela ukususwa kobunzima okanye ukukhulula ubuso besitywino, ngelixa igcina amandla okuvala afunekayo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ubushushu kunye nokuguguleka ngelixa yandisa iimeko zokusebenza ezinokwenzeka.
Iitywina zegesi ezomileyo (DGS), esetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-compressors, inika amandla okuvula ebusweni besitywini. La mandla enziwa ngumgaqo wokuthwala umoya, apho imingxunya emincinci yokumpompa inceda ukukhuthaza igesi ukusuka kwicala lenkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesitywini, ukuya kwindawo evulekileyo nangaphaya kobuso besitywini njenge-non-contact fluid film bearing.
Amandla okuvula ibhereyitha ye-aerodynamic yobuso betywina yegesi eyomileyo. Ukuthambeka komgca kubonisa ukuqina kwesithuba. Qaphela ukuba isithuba sikwii-microns.
Le nto ifanayo yenzeka kwiibheringi zeoyile ze-hydrodynamic ezixhasa uninzi lwee-compressor ezinkulu ze-centrifugal kunye nee-rotors zepompo kwaye ibonakala kwiiploti ze-rotor dynamic eccentricity eziboniswe yi-Benty. Esi siphumo sibonelela ngokuma okuzinzileyo kwaye siyinto ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yeebheringi zeoyile ze-hydrodynamic kunye ne-DGS. Izitywino zoomatshini azinazo ii-grooves ezincinci zokupompa ezinokufumaneka ebusweni be-DGS ye-aerodynamic. Kunokubakho indlela yokusebenzisa imigaqo yokuthwala igesi ecinezelweyo ngaphandle ukuze unciphise amandla okuvala avela kwi-ubuso besitywino soomatshinis.
Iiploti zomgangatho weeparameter zokuthwala ulwelo-ifilimu xa kuthelekiswa nomlinganiselo we-journal eccentricity. Ukuqina, i-K, kunye nokufuma, i-D, zincinci xa i-journal isembindini we-bearing. Njengoko i-journal isondela kumphezulu we-bearing, ukuqina kunye nokufuma kuyanda kakhulu.
Iibheringi zegesi ezisebenzisa uxinzelelo lwangaphandle zisebenzisa umthombo wegesi exinzelelweyo, ngelixa iibheringi ezitshintshayo zisebenzisa intshukumo ephakathi kwemiphezulu ukuvelisa uxinzelelo lwesithuba. Itekhnoloji exinzelelweyo yangaphandle inezibonelelo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ubuncinane. Okokuqala, igesi exinzelelweyo ingafakwa ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kobuso betywina ngendlela elawulwayo endaweni yokukhuthaza igesi ukuba ingene kwisithuba setywina ngeemijelo ezifunxayo ezifuna intshukumo. Oku kwenza ukuba kwahlulwe ubuso betywina ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukujikeleza. Nokuba ubuso budibene, buya kuvulwa ukuze kungabikho ngxabano kwaye bume xa uxinzelelo lufakwa ngqo phakathi kwabo. Ukongeza, ukuba itywina lishushu, kunokwenzeka ukuba ngoxinzelelo lwangaphandle ukwandisa uxinzelelo ebusweni betywina. Isithuba siya kwanda ngokulinganayo ngoxinzelelo, kodwa ubushushu obuvela kwi-shear buya kuwa kumsebenzi we-cube wesithuba. Oku kunika umqhubi amandla amatsha okusebenzisa ngokuchasene nokuveliswa kobushushu.
Kukho enye inzuzo kwiicompressors kuba akukho manzi ahambayo ebusweni njengoko kukho kwi-DGS. Endaweni yoko, uxinzelelo oluphezulu luphakathi kobuso besitywino, kwaye uxinzelelo lwangaphandle luya kugeleza luye emoyeni okanye lungene kwelinye icala luze lungene kwicompressor ukusuka kwelinye icala. Oku kwandisa ukuthembeka ngokugcina inkqubo ingekho kwindawo evulekileyo. Kwiimpompo oku kusenokungabi yinzuzo kuba kunokuba yinto engafunekiyo ukunyanzela igesi ecinezelekileyo kwimpompo. Iigesi ezicinezelekileyo ngaphakathi kweempompo zinokubangela iingxaki ze-cavitation okanye i-air hammer. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuba nomdla ukuba netywina elingadibaniyo okanye elingenazingxabano kwiimpompo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegesi kwinkqubo yempompo. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ne-bearing yegesi ecinezelekileyo ngaphandle kokuhamba?
Imbuyekezo
Zonke iibheringi ezixinzelelweyo ngaphandle zinembuyekezo ethile. Imbuyekezo luhlobo lokunciphisa olugcina uxinzelelo lugcinwe. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwembuyekezo kukusetyenziswa kwee-orifices, kodwa kukwakho neendlela zokulungisa ii-groove, i-step kunye ne-porous. Imbuyekezo yenza iibheringi okanye ubuso bokuvala busebenze kufutshane ngaphandle kokuchukumisa, kuba okukhona zisondela, kokukhona uxinzelelo lwegesi phakathi kwazo luba phezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubuso buhlukane.
Umzekelo, phantsi kwe-flat orifice ehlawulelwayo yegesi (Umfanekiso 3), umndilili
Uxinzelelo olukwisithuba luya kulingana nomthwalo uwonke kwi-bearing eyahlulwe yindawo yobuso, oku kukulayisha kweyunithi. Ukuba olu xinzelelo lwegesi yomthombo luyi-60 pounds nge-square intshi (psi) kwaye ubuso bunendawo ye-10 square intshi kwaye kukho ii-300 pounds zomthwalo, kuya kubakho umyinge we-30 psi kwisithuba se-bearing. Ngokwesiqhelo, isithuba siya kuba malunga ne-0.0003 intshi, kwaye ngenxa yokuba isithuba sincinci kakhulu, ukuhamba kuya kuba malunga ne-0.2 standard cubic feet ngomzuzu (scfm). Ngenxa yokuba kukho i-orifice restrictor ngaphambi nje kokuba isithuba sibambe uxinzelelo kwakhona, ukuba umthwalo uyanda ukuya kwi-400 pounds i-bearing gap incitshiswa ukuya kwi-0.0002 intshi, nto leyo ethintela ukuhamba phakathi kwesithuba ukuya ezantsi nge-0.1 scfm. Oku kwanda kwi-restriction yesibini kunika i-orifice restrictor ukuhamba okwaneleyo ukuvumela uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo kwisithuba ukuba lunyuke luye kwi-40 psi kwaye luxhase umthwalo owandisiweyo.
Olu luphawu oluvela ecaleni oluvela ecaleni lwe-orifice air bearing eqhelekileyo efumaneka kumatshini wokulinganisa odibeneyo (CMM). Ukuba inkqubo ye-pneumatic kufuneka ithathwe njenge-"compensated bearing" kufuneka ibe nomda ongaphezulu komda we-bearing gap.
I-Orifice vs. Imbuyekezo Enemingxuma
Intlawulo ye-orifice yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu yokuhlawula. I-orifice eqhelekileyo inokuba nobubanzi bomngxuma obuyi-.010 intshi, kodwa njengoko isondla ii-intshi ezimbalwa zesikwere, isondla ii-odolo ezininzi ngobukhulu bendawo engaphezulu kwayo, ngoko ke isantya segesi sinokuba phezulu. Rhoqo, ii-orifice zinqunyulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwiirubhi okanye iisafire ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhukuliseka kobukhulu be-orifice kwaye ngoko ke utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwebheriyali. Enye ingxaki kukuba kwizikhewu ezingaphantsi kwe-0.0002 intshi, indawo ejikeleze i-orifice iqala ukuminxa ukuhamba ukuya kubuso bonke, apho kwenzeka khona ukudilika kwefilimu yegesi. Oku kwenzeka okufanayo xa kuphakanyiswa, njengoko kuphela indawo ye-orifice kunye nayo nayiphi na imingxunya ekhoyo yokuqalisa ukuphakanyiswa. Esi sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba iibheringi ezixinzelelweyo ngaphandle zingabonakali kwizicwangciso zesitywina.
Oku akunjalo kwi-bearing enemingxuma ehlawulelweyo, endaweni yoko ukuqina kuyaqhubeka
iyanda njengoko umthwalo usanda kwaye umsantsa uncipha, njengoko kunjalo kwi-DGS (Umfanekiso 1) kunye
iibheringi zeoyile ze-hydrodynamic. Kwimeko yeebheringi ezixineneyo zangaphandle, ibheringi iya kuba kwimo yamandla elinganiselayo xa uxinzelelo lokufaka luphindaphinda indawo ilingana nomthwalo uwonke kwibheringi. Le yimeko enomdla ye-tribological njengoko kukho i-zero lift okanye i-air gap. Kuya kubakho i-zero flow, kodwa amandla e-hydrostatic oxinzelelo lomoya ngokuchasene nomphezulu we-counter phantsi kobuso bebheringi asawunciphisa umthwalo uwonke kwaye aphumela kwi-coefficient ephantse ibe yi-zero ye-friction—nangona ubuso busanxibelelana.
Umzekelo, ukuba ubuso be-graphite seal bunendawo ye-10 square intshi kunye ne-1,000 pounds yamandla okuvala kwaye i-graphite inomlinganiselo wokungqubana we-0.1, kuya kufuneka iiponti ezili-100 zamandla ukuze kuqaliswe intshukumo. Kodwa ngomthombo woxinzelelo lwangaphandle we-100 psi othuthelwe kwi-graphite enemingxuma ebusweni bayo, ngokusisiseko akuyi kubakho mandla afunekayo ukuqala intshukumo. Oku kwenzeka nangona kusekho iiponti ezili-1,000 zamandla okuvala acinezela ubuso bobabini kunye nokuba ubuso budibene ngokwasemzimbeni.
Udidi lwezinto ezithwala izinto ezingenanto ezifana nezi: i-graphite, iikhabhoni kunye neeseramikhi ezifana ne-alumina kunye ne-silicon-carbides ezaziwa ngamashishini e-turbo kwaye zinemingxuma ngokwemvelo ukuze zisetyenziswe njengee-bearings ezixinzelelweyo ngaphandle ezingezizo ii-fluid film bearings. Kukho umsebenzi we-hybrid apho uxinzelelo lwangaphandle lusetyenziselwa ukususa ubunzima kuxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano okanye amandla okuvala esitywini kwi-tribology eqhubekayo kubuso besitywini soqhagamshelwano. Oku kuvumela umqhubi wepompo into ethile ukuba alungise ngaphandle kwepompo ukuze ajongane nezicelo zeengxaki kunye nemisebenzi yesantya esiphezulu ngelixa esebenzisa izitywini zoomatshini.
Lo mgaqo ukwasebenza nakwiibhrashi, ii-commutators, ii-exciters, okanye nayiphi na i-contact conductor enokusetyenziswa ukuthatha idatha okanye imisinga yombane kwizinto ezijikelezayo okanye ezijikelezayo. Njengoko ii-rotors zijikeleza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziphela zisanda, kunokuba nzima ukugcina ezi zixhobo zinxibelelana ne-shaft, kwaye kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwentwasahlobo oluzibamba kwi-shaft. Ngelishwa, ngakumbi kwimeko yokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu, olu nyuko lwamandla oqhagamshelwano lubangela ubushushu kunye nokuguguleka okungakumbi. Umgaqo ofanayo we-hybrid osetyenziswa kwi-mechanical seal ubuso obuchazwe apha ngasentla ungasetyenziswa apha, apho kufuneka unxibelelwano lomzimba ukuze kuqhutyelwe phambili umbane phakathi kweendawo ezimileyo nezijikelezayo. Uxinzelelo lwangaphandle lungasetyenziswa njengoxinzelelo oluvela kwi-hydraulic cylinder ukunciphisa ukungqubana kwi-dynamic interface ngelixa usandisa amandla entwasahlobo okanye amandla okuvala afunekayo ukugcina ibrashi okanye ubuso be-seal bunxibelelana ne-shaft ejikelezayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-21-2023