Siyazi ukuba isitywino soomatshini kufuneka sisebenze de ikhabhoni iphele, kodwa amava ethu asibonisa ukuba oku akwenzeki ngesitywino sezixhobo zokuqala esifakwe kwipompo. Sithenga isitywino esitsha soomatshini esibizayo kwaye naso asigugi. Ngoko ke ngaba isitywino esitsha sasiyinkcitho yemali?
Hayi ngenene. Apha wenza into ebonakala inengqondo, uzama ukusombulula ingxaki yesitywino ngokuthenga esinye isitywino, kodwa oko kufana nokuzama ukufumana umsebenzi olungileyo wokupenda imoto ngokuthenga uhlobo oluhle lwepeyinti.
Ukuba ufuna ukupeyinta kakuhle imoto kuya kufuneka wenze izinto ezine: Ukulungisa umzimba (ukulungisa isinyithi, ukususa umhlwa, ukugquma, ukufihla njl.njl.); thenga uhlobo oluhle lwepeyinti (zonke iipeyinti azifani); faka ipeyinti ngokuchanekileyo (ngoxinzelelo lomoya oluchanekileyo, akukho mathontsi okanye ukuvuza kunye nokugquma rhoqo phakathi kweprimer kunye neengubo zokugqiba); kwaye unakekele ipeyinti emva kokuba isetyenzisiwe (yigcine ihlanjiwe, ifayishiwe kwaye igcinwe egaraji).
mcneally-seals-2017
Ukuba wenze ezo zinto zine ngokuchanekileyo, umsebenzi wokupenda imoto ungahlala ixesha elingakanani? Ngokucacileyo iminyaka. Phuma ngaphandle ubukele iimoto zidlula kwaye uya kubona ubungqina babantu abangazenziyo ezo zinto zine. Enyanisweni, kunqabile kangangokuba xa sibona imoto endala ebukeka intle, siyayijonga.
Ukufikelela kubomi obuhle betywina kuquka amanyathelo amane. Afanele ukuba acacile, kodwa masiwajonge nangona kunjalo.
Lungisa ipompo yokutywina – ngumsebenzi womzimba lowo
Thenga uphawu oluhle - ipeyinti elungileyo
Faka isitywino ngokuchanekileyo - faka ipeyinti ngokuchanekileyo
Sebenzisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokusingqongileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko (kwaye mhlawumbi kuyimfuneko) - hlamba kwaye ucofe iwax
Siza kujonga nganye kwezi zinto ngokweenkcukacha kwaye ngethemba lokuba siza kuqalisa ukwandisa ubomi beempawu zethu zoomatshini ukuya kwinqanaba apho uninzi lwazo luguga khona. Olu lwazi lunxulumene neempompo ze-centrifugal kodwa lunokusebenza nakwiziphi na izixhobo ezijikelezayo, kuquka abaxubi kunye nabaxubi.
Lungisa ipompo yokutywina
Ukuze ulungiselele kufuneka wenze ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwepompo kunye nomqhubi, usebenzisa i-laser aligniser. I-adaptha yesakhelo "C" okanye "D" lolona khetho lungcono.
Okulandelayo, ulinganisela ngokuguquguqukayo indibano ejikelezayo, enokwenziwa kusetyenziswa uninzi lwezixhobo zohlalutyo lokungcangcazela, kodwa jongana nomthengisi wakho ukuba awunayo le nkqubo. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba umngxuma awugobanga kwaye uyawujikelezisa phakathi kweziko.
Kungcono ukuphepha imikhono ye-shaft, njengoko i-shaft eqinileyo ingenakujika kwaye ingcono kakhulu kwi-mechanical seal, kwaye uzame ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwepayipi naphi na apho kunokwenzeka khona.
Sebenzisa ipompo yoyilo "yomgca ophakathi" ukuba ubushushu bemveliso bungaphezulu kwe-100°C, njengoko oku kuya kunciphisa ezinye iingxaki zoxinzelelo lwepayipi kwipompo. Kwakhona, sebenzisa iipompo ezinomlinganiselo ophantsi wobude bomngxuma ukuya kububanzi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiipompo zenkonzo ezihlala zihleli.
Sebenzisa ibhokisi yokuzalisa enkulu kakhulu, phepha uyilo olunciphileyo, kwaye unike isitywini indawo eninzi. Zama ukwenza ibhokisi yokuzalisa ibe sisikwere kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwishaft, nto leyo enokwenziwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokujongana, kwaye unciphise ukungcangcazela ngokusebenzisa naziphi na iindlela ozaziyo.
Kubalulekile ukuba ungayivumeli ipompo ivuleke, njengoko ubuso besiciko buya kuvuleka kwaye mhlawumbi bonakalise. Ihamile yamanzi inokwenzeka ukuba umbane ulahlekile kwipompo ngelixa isebenza, ngoko ke thatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukuthintela ezi ngxaki.
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka zijongwe xa kulungiselelwa ipompo yesitywini, kuquka; ukuba ubunzima besiseko sepompo/semoto buphindwe kahlanu ubunzima bezixhobo ezihleli phezu kwayo; ukuba kukho iidayamitha ezilishumi zepayipi phakathi kwepompo yokufunxa kunye nengqiniba yokuqala; kunye nokuba ipleyiti yesiseko ilinganisiwe kwaye igrunyiwe endaweni yayo.
Gcina i-impeller evulekileyo ilungisiwe ukuze kuncitshiswe ukungcangcazela kunye neengxaki zokujikeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi, qiniseka ukuba iibheringi zinomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokuthambisa, kwaye amanzi kunye nezinto eziqinileyo azingeni kwi-bearing cavity. Kufuneka kwakhona ufake i-labyrinth okanye i-face seals endaweni ye-grease okanye i-lip seals.
Qiniseka ukuba awuzivumeli iintambo zokujikeleza amanzi ezidityaniswe nebhokisi yokuzalisa, kwiimeko ezininzi ukujikeleza kwamanzi kuya kuba ngcono. Ukuba ipompo ineeringi ezigugileyo, qiniseka ukuba ujonga nendawo ezikuyo.
Izinto zokugqibela ekufuneka zenziwe xa ulungiselela ipompo kukuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezimanzi zepompo zenziwe ngezinto ezinganyangekiyo, njengoko izicoci kunye nezinyibilikisi ezikwimigca ngamanye amaxesha zibangela iingxaki ezingazange zilindelwe ngumyili.
Emva koko vala nawuphi na umoya onokuthi uvuza kwicala lokufunxa lepompo uze ususe nawuphi na onokuthi uvaleleke kwi-volute.
Thenga uphawu oluhle
Sebenzisa uyilo olulinganisiweyo ngamanzi oluvala uxinzelelo kunye ne-vacuum kwaye ukuba uza kusebenzisa i-elastomer kwisitywino, zama ukusebenzisa i-o-ring. Le yeyona milo ilungileyo ngezizathu ezininzi, kodwa ungavumeli nabani na ukuba afake i-o-ring ngesantya esiphezulu kungenjalo ayizukugoba okanye iqengqeleke njengoko kufanele.
Kufuneka usebenzise noyilo lwezitywino ezingatshiyo kuba ukutshiyoza kweshaft yimbangela enkulu yokusilela kwesitywino kwangethuba.
Izitywino ezingashukumiyo (apho izipringi zingajikeleziyo nomngxuma) zingcono kunezitywino ezijikelezayo (izipringi ziyajikeleza) zokuvala ukukhutshwa komoya ophumayo kunye naluphi na olunye ulwelo. Ukuba isitywino sinezipringi ezincinci, zigcine kude nolwelo kungenjalo ziya kuvaleka lula. Kukho uyilo oluninzi lwezitywino olunempawu zokungavali.
Ubuso obunzima obubanzi bulungele kakhulu intshukumo ye-radial esiyibonayo kwizicelo zokuxuba kunye nezo zitywini ezibekwe kude kakhulu kwiibheringi.
Kuya kufuneka kwakhona uhlobo oluthile lokudambisa ukungcangcazela kwiiseal zentsimbi ezishushu kakhulu kuba azinayo i-elastomer edla ngokwenza loo msebenzi.
Sebenzisa uyilo olugcina ulwelo lokutywina lukwidayamitha engaphandle yesitywina, okanye amandla e-centrifugal aya kuphosa izinto eziqinileyo kwiindawo ezijikelezileyo kwaye athintele ukuhamba kwazo xa ikhabhoni igugile. Kufuneka usebenzise neekhabhoni ezingazaliswanga kwiindawo zesitywina kuba zezona zilungileyo kwaye ixabiso aliphezulu.
Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba uyakwazi ukubona zonke izinto zokutywina kuba akunakwenzeka ukusombulula ingxaki "yezinto eziyimfihlakalo".
Musa ukuvumela umthengisi akuxelele ukuba izinto zakhe zezabucala, kwaye ukuba yiloo ndlela abacinga ngayo, fumana omnye umthengisi okanye umenzi, kungenjalo ufanelwe zizo zonke iingxaki oza kuba nazo.
Zama ukugcina ii-elastomers kude nobuso besitywini. I-elastomer yinxalenye enye yesitywini evakalelwa kakhulu bubushushu, kwaye ubushushu bushushu kakhulu ebusweni.
Nayiphi na imveliso eyingozi okanye ebiza kakhulu kufuneka ivalwe ngezitywino ezimbini. Qiniseka ukuba ibhalansi ye-hydraulic ikumacala omabini okanye ubheja ukuba enye yebuso ingavuleka xa uxinzelelo lujika okanye lunyuka.
Okokugqibela, ukuba uyilo lunekhabhoni ecinezelwe kwisibambi sesinyithi, qiniseka ukuba ikhabhoni icinezelwe kwaye "ayinciphanga". Ikhabhoni ecinezelweyo iya kucheba ukuze ihambelane nokungahambi kakuhle kwisibambi sesinyithi, incede ukugcina ubuso obujikelezileyo bungagungqi.
Faka isitywino ngokuchanekileyo
Ii-cartridge seals zezona zodwa zifanelekileyo xa ufuna ukwenza uhlengahlengiso lwee-impeller, kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuzifaka kuba awudingi print, okanye ukuthatha naluphi na umlinganiselo ukuze ufumane umthwalo ofanelekileyo wobuso.
Ii-cartridge dual seals kufuneka zibe ne-pump ring eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kwaye kufuneka usebenzise i-buffer fluid (uxinzelelo oluphantsi) phakathi kwezi zitywino nanini na xa kunokwenzeka ukuze uphephe iingxaki zokuxutywa kwemveliso.
Kuphephe naluphi na uhlobo lweoyile njengolwelo olukhuselayo ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi beoyile kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kombane.
Xa ufaka, gcina isitywino sikufutshane neebheringi kangangoko unako. Ngokwesiqhelo kukho indawo yokususa isitywino kwibhokisi yokuzalisa uze usebenzise indawo yebhokisi yokuzalisa njengesixhobo sokuxhasa i-bushing ukunceda ukuzinzisa umngxuma ojikelezayo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, kuya kufuneka uthathe isigqibo sokuba le nkxaso ye-bushing kufuneka igcinwe ijikeleze i-axial.
Iiseal ezihluliweyo zikwanengqondo nakweyiphi na indlela engafuni ziseal ezimbini okanye i-fugitive emission seal (ukuvuza kulinganiswa ngeenxalenye ngesigidi).
Iiseal eziqhekekileyo zezona zodwa uyilo omele uzisebenzise kwiimpompo ezinee-double-ends, kungenjalo kuya kufuneka uzitshintshe zombini iiseal xa iseal enye kuphela engasebenziyo.
Zikwakuvumela ukuba utshintshe izitywino ngaphandle kokwenza utshintsho kunye nomqhubi wepompo.
Musa ukuthambisa ubuso besitywini xa ufaka, kwaye gcina izinto eziqinileyo zingabikho kwiindawo ezijikelezileyo. Ukuba kukho uqweqwe olukhuselayo ebusweni besitywini qiniseka ukuba uyalususa ngaphambi kokuba ulufake.
Ukuba sisitywino se-bellows se-raber, zifuna i-lubricant ekhethekileyo eya kubangela ukuba i-bellows inamathele kwi-shaft. Ngokwesiqhelo lulwelo olusekelwe kwi-petroleum, kodwa ungajongana nomthengisi wakho ukuqinisekisa. I-rubber bellows seals ikwafuna ukugqitywa kwe-shaft okungekho ngaphezulu kwe-40RMS, okanye i-raber iya kuba nobunzima bokunamathela kwi-shaft.
Okokugqibela, xa ufaka isicelo esithe nkqo, qiniseka ukuba ukhupha umoya ebhokisini lokuzalisa kwiindawo zokutywina. Kusenokufuneka ufake le vent ukuba umenzi wepompo akazange ayinike.
Iiseal ezininzi zekhatriji zine-vent eyakhelwe ngaphakathi apho unokudibanisa ne-pump suction okanye enye indawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi kwinkqubo.
Lumka isitywino
Inyathelo lokugqibela lokufumana ubomi obuhle bokuvala kukuzinyamekela rhoqo. Ii-Seals zikhetha ukuvala ulwelo olupholileyo, olucocekileyo, noluthambisayo, kwaye nangona singenalo olunye lwazo lokuvala, mhlawumbi ungasebenzisa ulawulo lokusingqongileyo kwindawo yebhokisi yokuzalisa ukuze utshintshe imveliso yakho ibe yeyakho.
Ukuba usebenzisa ibhokisi yokuzalisa efakwe ijakethi, qiniseka ukuba ijakethi icocekile. I-Condensate okanye umphunga zezona zinto zilungileyo zokuhambisa amanzi kwijakethi.
Zama ukufaka i-carbon bushing ekupheleni kwebhokisi yokuzalisa ukuze isebenze njengomqobo wobushushu oza kunceda ukuzinzisa ubushushu bebhokisi yokuzalisa.
Ukufunxa amanzi yeyona ndlela iphambili yokulawula imeko-bume kuba kubangela ukunyibilika kwemveliso, kodwa ukuba usebenzisa isitywini esifanelekileyo akuyi kufuna ukufunxa amanzi amaninzi. Iigaloni ezine okanye ezintlanu ngeyure (qaphela nditshilo iyure hayi umzuzu) zifanele zanele olo hlobo lwesitywini.
Kufuneka ugcine ulwelo luhamba kwibhokisi yokuzalisa ukuze uthintele ukuqokelelana kobushushu. Ukujikeleza kwakhona kwe-suction kuya kususa izinto eziqinileyo ezinzima kunemveliso oyivalelayo.
Ekubeni leyo yeyona meko ixhaphakileyo yokulunywa, sebenzisa i-suction recirculation njengesiqhelo sakho. Kwakhona, funda apho ungafanele uyisebenzise khona.
Ukuphinda ujikeleze amanzi kuya kukuvumela ukuba unyuse uxinzelelo kwibhokisi yokuzalisa ukuze uthintele ukuba ulwelo lungaphumi phakathi kobuso obujikelezileyo. Zama ukungajolisi umgca wokujikeleza kwamanzi kwiindawo ezijikelezileyo, oku kunokwenzakalisa. Ukuba usebenzisa i-metal bellows, umgca wokujikeleza amanzi ungasebenza njenge-sandblaster kwaye usike iipleyiti ezibhityileyo ze-bellows.
Ukuba imveliso ishushu kakhulu, pholisa indawo yebhokisi yokuzalisa. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba olu lawulo lokusingqongileyo ludla ngokuba lubaluleke ngakumbi xa ipompo imisiwe kuba amaqondo obushushu okufunxa kunye nokupholisa ukuvala kungatshintsha kakhulu amaqondo obushushu ebhokisi yokuzalisa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imveliso itshintshe imeko.
Iimveliso eziyingozi ziya kufuna uhlobo lwe-API. uhlobo lwe-gland ukuba ukhetha ukungasebenzisi izitywino ezimbini. Ulwakhiwo lwe-disaster bushing oluyinxalenye ye-API. luya kukhusela isitywino ekonakaleni ngokomzimba ukuba ungalahlekelwa yi-bearing xa ipompo isebenza.
Qinisekisa ukuba uqhagamshelo lwe-API lwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo. Kulula ukudibanisa ii-ports ezine uze ufake umgca we-flush okanye we-recirculation kwi-quench port.
Zama ukungafaki umphunga okanye amanzi amaninzi kwi-quench connection kungenjalo iza kungena kwi-bearing case. Ukuvuza konxibelelwano lwe-drain kudla ngokubonwa njengokusilela kwe-seal ngabaqhubi. Qiniseka ukuba bayayazi umahluko.
Ukusebenzisa ezi ngcebiso zokutywina
Ngaba kukho umntu owakha wazenza zonke ezi zinto zine? Ngelishwa akunjalo. Ukuba besinokwenza njalo, ama-85 okanye ama-90 ekhulwini ee-seal zethu ebeya kuguga, kunokuba kube ngama-10 okanye ama-15 ekhulwini azenzayo. I-seal engasebenziyo ngaphambi kwexesha eneekhabhoni ezininzi ezishiyekileyo iyaqhubeka nokuba ngumthetho.
Eyona sizathu siqhelekileyo esisivayo ukuchaza ukungabikho kwethu ubomi obuhle betywina kukuba akukho xesha lokwenza kakuhle, kulandele intetho eqhelekileyo ethi, “Kodwa kusoloko kukho ixesha lokuyilungisa.” Uninzi lwethu lwenza inyathelo elinye okanye amabini afunekayo kwaye sifumana ukwanda kobomi bethu betywina. Akukho nto imbi ngokwanda kobomi betywina, kodwa loo nto ikude kakhulu ekugugeni kwetywina.
Cinga ngayo umzuzu. Ukuba isitywini sihlala unyaka wonke, ingxaki inokuba nkulu kangakanani? Ubushushu abunakuba phezulu kakhulu okanye uxinzelelo lube lubi kakhulu. Ukuba oko bekuyinyani bekungayi kuthatha unyaka wonke ukuba isitywini singasebenzi. Imveliso ayinakuba mdaka kakhulu ngesizathu esifanayo.
Sihlala sifumanisa ukuba ingxaki ilula njengoyilo lwesitywini oluphazamisa umngxuma, nto leyo ebangela ukuvuza kwendlela edlula kwisingxobo okanye umngxuma owonakeleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha sifumanisa ukuba i-flush esetyenziselwa ukucoca imingxunya kanye ngonyaka yeyona nto ibangela oku, kwaye akukho mntu utshintsha izinto zesitywini ukuze abonise olu songo kwiindawo zesitywini.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-25-2023