Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha izitywina – Ukufaka izitywina zoomatshini ezixineneyo eziphindwe kabini

Ulungiselelo lwezitywino zoomatshini ezi-3izitywino ezimbiniapho umngxuma wolwelo oluthintelayo phakathi kwezitywino ugcinwa kuxinzelelo olungaphezulu kunoxinzelelo lwegumbi lesitywino. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, eli shishini liye laphuhlisa amaqhinga aliqela okudala imeko-bume yoxinzelelo oluphezulu olufunekayo kwezi zitywino. La maqhinga abhalwe kwizicwangciso zombhobho wesitywino soomatshini. Nangona uninzi lwezi zicwangciso zisebenza imisebenzi efanayo, iimpawu zokusebenza zalo ngalinye zinokuhluka kakhulu kwaye ziya kuchaphazela zonke iinkalo zenkqubo yokutywina.

Isicwangciso soMbhobho 53B, njengoko sichazwe yi-API 682, sisicwangciso sombhobho esicinezela ulwelo lomqobo nge-nitrogen charged bladder accumulator. I-bladder ecinezelweyo isebenza ngokuthe ngqo kulwelo lomqobo, icinezela yonke inkqubo yokuvala. I-bladder ithintela ukudibana ngqo phakathi kwegesi yoxinzelelo kunye nolwelo lomqobo oluthintela ukufunxwa kwegesi kulwelo. Oku kuvumela ukuba iSicwangciso soMbhobho 53B sisetyenziswe kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kuneSicwangciso soMbhobho 53A. Indlela ezizimeleyo ngayo i-accumulator ikwasusa imfuneko yokunikezelwa kwe-nitrogen rhoqo, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo ifaneleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezikude.

Nangona kunjalo, iingenelo ze-bladder accumulator ziyancitshiswa zezinye zeempawu zokusebenza kwenkqubo. Uxinzelelo lwe-A Piping Plan 53B lumiselwa ngokuthe ngqo luxinzelelo lwegesi kwisinyi. Olu xinzelelo lunokutshintsha kakhulu ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Isinyi esikwi-accumulator kufuneka sitshajwe kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokuba kongezwe ulwelo oluthintelayo kwinkqubo. Oku kudala isiseko sazo zonke izibalo zexesha elizayo kunye nokutolikwa kokusebenza kwenkqubo. Uxinzelelo lwangempela lwangaphambi kokutshajwa luxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lokusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nomthamo wokhuseleko lolwelo oluthintelayo kwi-accumulators. Uxinzelelo lwangaphambi kokutshajwa lukwaxhomekeke kubushushu begesi kwisinyi. Qaphela: uxinzelelo lwangaphambi kokutshajwa lumiselwa kuphela ekuqaleni kokusebenza kwenkqubo kwaye aluyi kulungiswa ngexesha lokusebenza kwangempela.

Uxinzelelo lwegesi kwisinyi luya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu begesi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ubushushu begesi buya kulandelela ubushushu obungqongileyo kwindawo yokufakela. Ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo apho kukho utshintsho olukhulu lwemihla ngemihla nolwexesha lonyaka kubushushu kuya kuba notshintsho olukhulu kuxinzelelo lwenkqubo.

Ukusetyenziswa kolwelo oluthintela imiqoboNgexesha lokusebenza, izitywini zoomatshini ziya kusebenzisa ulwelo oluthintelayo ngokusebenzisa ukuvuza okuqhelekileyo kwesitywini. Olu lwelo oluthintelayo luzaliswa lulwelo olukwi-accumulator, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kwegesi kwisinyi kunye nokwehla koxinzelelo lwenkqubo. Olu tshintsho luxhomekeke kubungakanani be-accumulator, amazinga okuvuza kwesitywini, kunye nexesha elifunekayo lokugcinwa kwenkqubo (umz., iintsuku ezingama-28).

Utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwenkqubo yindlela ephambili umsebenzisi wokugqibela alandelela ngayo ukusebenza kwetywina. Uxinzelelo lukwasetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-alamu zokulungisa kunye nokubona ukungaphumeleli kwetywina. Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo luya kutshintsha rhoqo ngelixa inkqubo isebenza. Umsebenzisi ufanele azibeke njani uxinzelelo kwinkqubo yePlan 53B? Kufuneka nini ukongeza ulwelo oluthintelayo? Kufuneka kongezwe ulwelo olungakanani?

Iseti yokuqala epapashwe ngokubanzi yokubala kobunjineli kwiinkqubo zePlan 53B ivele kwi-API 682 Uhlelo Lwesine. I-Annex F inika imiyalelo yenyathelo ngenyathelo malunga nendlela yokuchonga uxinzelelo kunye nomthamo wale plani yepayipi. Enye yezona mfuno ziluncedo ze-API 682 kukudala i-nameplate eqhelekileyo yee-bladder accumulators (API 682 Uhlelo Lwesine, Itheyibhile 10). Le nameplate iqulethe itafile ebamba uxinzelelo lwangaphambi kokutshaja, ukugcwalisa kwakhona, kunye ne-alamu yenkqubo kuluhlu lweemeko zobushushu ezingqongileyo kwindawo yesicelo. Qaphela: itafile esemgangathweni ngumzekelo nje kwaye amaxabiso okwenyani aya kutshintsha kakhulu xa esetyenziswa kwisicelo esithile sentsimi.

Enye yezinto ezisisiseko eziqikelelwayo kuMfanekiso 2 kukuba iSicwangciso seMibhobho 53B kulindeleke ukuba sisebenze ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ngaphandle kokutshintsha uxinzelelo lokuqala lwangaphambi kokutshaja. Kukwakho nengcamango yokuba inkqubo inokuvezwa kubushushu obupheleleyo obujikeleze umhlaba kwixesha elifutshane. Ezi zinefuthe elibalulekileyo kuyilo lwenkqubo kwaye zifuna ukuba inkqubo isebenze kuxinzelelo olukhulu kunezinye izicwangciso zemibhobho ezimbini.

Ukusebenzisa uMfanekiso 2 njengesalathiso, umzekelo wokusetyenziswa ufakwe kwindawo apho ubushushu obuphakathi kwe--17°C (1°F) kunye ne-70°C (158°F). Isiphelo esiphezulu sale luhlu sibonakala siphezulu ngendlela engenakwenzeka, kodwa sikwabandakanya nemiphumo yokufudumeza kwelanga kwe-accumulator evezwe elangeni ngqo. Imigca etafileni imele amaxesha obushushu phakathi kwamaxabiso aphezulu naphantsi.

Xa umsebenzisi wokugqibela esebenzisa inkqubo, baya kongeza uxinzelelo lolwelo oluthintelayo de kufikelelwe kuxinzelelo lokugcwalisa kwakhona kubushushu obukhoyo. Uxinzelelo lwe-alamu luxinzelelo olubonisa ukuba umsebenzisi wokugqibela kufuneka ongeze ulwelo olongezelelweyo oluthintelayo. Kwi-25°C (77°F), umqhubi uya kuyitshaja kwangaphambili i-accumulator ukuya kwi-30.3 bar (440 PSIG), i-alamu iya kusetwa kwi-30.7 bar (445 PSIG), kwaye umqhubi uya kongeza ulwelo oluthintelayo de uxinzelelo lufikelele kwi-37.9 bar (550 PSIG). Ukuba ubushushu obungqongileyo buyehla ukuya kwi-0°C (32°F), ngoko uxinzelelo lwe-alamu luya kwehla luye kwi-28.1 bar (408 PSIG) kwaye uxinzelelo lokugcwalisa kwakhona luye kwi-34.7 bar (504 PSIG).

Kule meko, uxinzelelo lwe-alamu kunye nolokuzalisa kwakhona luyatshintsha, okanye luhamba, ngenxa yobushushu obuphakathi. Le ndlela idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yicebo lokuhamba ngokudada. Zombini i-alamu kunye nokugcwalisa kwakhona "zihamba." Oku kubangela uxinzelelo oluphantsi lokusebenza kwenkqubo yokutywina. Nangona kunjalo, oku kubeka iimfuno ezimbini ezithile kumsebenzisi wokugqibela; ukumisela uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo lwe-alamu kunye noxinzelelo lokugcwalisa kwakhona. Uxinzelelo lwe-alamu kwinkqubo ngumsebenzi wobushushu kwaye olu lwalamano kufuneka lucwangciswe kwinkqubo ye-DCS yomsebenzisi wokugqibela. Uxinzelelo lokugcwalisa kwakhona luya kuxhomekeka kubushushu obuphakathi, ngoko ke umsebenzisi kuya kufuneka abhekisele kwi-nameplate ukuze afumane uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo kwiimeko zangoku.

Abanye abasebenzisi bokugqibela bafuna indlela elula kwaye bafuna icebo apho uxinzelelo lwe-alamu kunye noxinzelelo lokugcwalisa kwakhona zihlala zihleli (okanye zizinzile) kwaye zingaxhomekekanga kubushushu obungqongileyo. Icebo elizinzileyo linika umsebenzisi wokugqibela uxinzelelo olunye kuphela lokugcwalisa inkqubo kwaye lixabiso kuphela lokuphazamisa inkqubo. Ngelishwa, le meko kufuneka icinge ukuba ubushushu bukwixabiso eliphezulu, kuba izibalo zihlawulela ukwehla kobushushu obungqongileyo ukusuka kubushushu obuphezulu ukuya kubushushu obuphantsi. Oku kubangela ukuba inkqubo isebenze kuxinzelelo oluphezulu. Kwezinye iinkqubo, ukusebenzisa icebo elizinzileyo kunokubangela utshintsho kuyilo lwesitywina okanye ukulinganiswa kwe-MAWP kwezinye izinto zenkqubo ukusingatha uxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Abanye abasebenzisi bokugqibela baza kusebenzisa indlela exutyiweyo enoxinzelelo lwe-alamu oluzinzileyo kunye noxinzelelo lokuzalisa oludadayo. Oku kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lokusebenza ngelixa kusenziwa lula useto lwe-alamu. Isigqibo sesicwangciso esichanekileyo se-alamu kufuneka senziwe kuphela emva kokuqwalasela imeko yesicelo, uluhlu lobushushu be-ambient, kunye neemfuno zomsebenzisi wokugqibela.

Kukho utshintsho oluthile kuyilo lweSicwangciso seMibhobho 53B olunokunceda ekunciphiseni eminye yale mingeni. Ukufudumeza okuvela kwimitha yelanga kunokunyusa kakhulu ubushushu obuphezulu be-accumulator ukuze kubalwe uyilo. Ukubeka i-accumulator emthunzini okanye ukwakha isikhuselo selanga se-accumulator kunokuphelisa ukufudumeza kwelanga kwaye kunciphise ubushushu obuphezulu kwiibalo.

Kwiinkcazo ezingentla, igama elithi ambient temperature lisetyenziswa ukumela ubushushu begesi kwisinyi. Phantsi kweemeko zobushushu ezizinzileyo okanye ezitshintsha kancinci, le yingcinga efanelekileyo. Ukuba kukho utshintsho olukhulu kwiimeko zobushushu obuphakathi kwemini nobusuku, ukufakelwa i-insulation kwi-accumulator kunokunciphisa utshintsho olusebenzayo lobushushu besinyi nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ubushushu obusebenzayo buzinze ngakumbi.

Le ndlela inokwandiswa ekusebenziseni ukulandelela ubushushu kunye nokuthintela ubushushu kwi-accumulator. Xa oku kusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, i-accumulator iya kusebenza kubushushu obunye nokuba utshintsho lwemihla ngemihla okanye lwexesha elithile kubushushu obungqongileyo lunjani. Mhlawumbi olu lolona khetho lubalulekileyo loyilo ekufuneka luqwalaselwe kwiindawo ezinotshintsho olukhulu kubushushu. Le ndlela inesiseko esikhulu esifakiweyo kwintsimi kwaye ivumele iSicwangciso 53B ukuba sisetyenziswe kwiindawo ebezingenakwenzeka ngokulandelela ubushushu.

Abasebenzisi bokugqibela abacinga ngokusebenzisa iSicwangciso seMibhobho 53B kufuneka baqaphele ukuba esi sicwangciso semibhobho asisosiCwangciso seMibhobho 53A esine-accumulator. Phantse yonke into yoyilo lwenkqubo, ukuqaliswa, ukusebenza, kunye nokugcinwa kweSicwangciso 53B yahlukile kwesi sicwangciso semibhobho. Uninzi lweengxaki abasebenzisi bokugqibela abaye bahlangabezana nazo zivela ekungaqondini inkqubo. Ii-Seal OEMs zinokulungiselela uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha ngakumbi kwisicelo esithile kwaye zinokubonelela ngemvelaphi efunekayo ukunceda umsebenzisi wokugqibela ukuba achaze kwaye asebenzise le nkqubo ngokufanelekileyo.