Ukukhetha izinto zokuvala uphawu lwakho kubalulekile kuba kuya kudlala indima ekumiseleni umgangatho, ixesha lokuphila kunye nokusebenza kokusetyenziswa, kunye nokunciphisa iingxaki kwixesha elizayo. Apha, sijonga indlela okusingqongileyo okuya kuchaphazela ngayo ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuvala uphawu, kunye nezinye zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kunye nezicelo ezifanelekileyo kuzo.
Izinto ezisingqongileyo
Indawo apho isitywina siza kuvezwa khona ibalulekile xa ukhetha uyilo kunye nezinto eziza kusetyenziselwa ukuvala. Kukho inani leempawu ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo kwizinto ezitywinayo kuzo zonke iindawo, kubandakanya ukudala ubuso besitywina obuzinzileyo, obukwaziyo ukuhambisa ubushushu, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle.
Kwezinye iindawo, ezi mpawu kuya kufuneka zibe namandla kunezinye. Ezinye iimpawu zezinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kujongwa imeko-bume ziquka ubulukhuni, ukuqina, ukwanda kobushushu, ukuguguleka kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali. Ukuzikhumbula ezi zinto kuya kukunceda ufumane izinto ezifanelekileyo zokutywina kwakho.
Indawo engqongileyo inokumisela nokuba ixabiso okanye umgangatho wesitywini ungabekwa phambili na. Kwiindawo ezirhabaxa nezirhabaxa, izitywini zinokubiza kakhulu ngenxa yokuba izixhobo kufuneka zomelele ngokwaneleyo ukumelana nezi meko.
Kwiindawo ezinjalo, ukuchitha imali kwitywina elisemgangathweni ophezulu kuya kuzihlawula ngokuhamba kwexesha kuba kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukuvalwa okubizayo, ukulungiswa, kunye nokuhlaziywa okanye ukutshintshwa kwetywina okuya kubangelwa yitywina elikumgangatho ophantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ekufakweni kokupompa ngolwelo olucocekileyo kakhulu oluneempawu zokuthambisa, itywina elingabizi kakhulu lingathengwa ukuze kusetyenziswe iibheringi ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Izinto zokutywina eziqhelekileyo
Ikhabhoni
Ikhabhoni esetyenziswa ebusweni besitywini ngumxube wekhabhoni engaguqukiyo kunye negrafiti, apho iipesenti zento nganye zimisela iimpawu zomzimba kudidi lokugqibela lwekhabhoni. Yinto engaguqukiyo, ezinzileyo enokuzithambisa ngokwayo.
Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengenye yee-end face ezimbini kwii-mechanical seals, kwaye ikwayinto ethandwayo kwii-seals ezijikelezileyo ezihlukaniswe ngamacandelwana kunye neeringi zepiston phantsi komthamo owomileyo okanye omncinci we-lubrication. Lo mxube we-carbon/graphite ungaxutywa nezinye izinto ukuze unike iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuncipha kwe-porosity, ukuphucula ukusebenza kokuguguleka okanye ukuphucula amandla.
I-thermoset resin efakwe ikhabhoni etywiniweyo yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwiiseal zoomatshini, uninzi lweekhabhoni ezifakwe i-resin ezikwaziyo ukusebenza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali ukusuka kwiziseko eziqinileyo ukuya kwii-asidi eziqinileyo. Zikwaneempawu ezilungileyo zokungqubana kunye nemodulus eyaneleyo yokunceda ukulawula ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo. Le nto ifanelekile kwi-260°C (500°F) emanzini, kwii-coolants, kwiifutha, kwiioyile, kwizisombululo zeekhemikhali ezikhanyayo, nakwizicelo zokutya namayeza.
Iiseal zekhabhoni ezifakwe kwi-antimony nazo zibonakalise ukuba ziphumelele ngenxa yamandla kunye ne-modulus ye-antimony, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu xa kufuneka into eqinileyo neqinileyo. Ezi seal zikwamelana ngakumbi nokudumba xa kusetyenziswa ulwelo olune-viscosity ephezulu okanye ii-hydrocarbons ezikhanyayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona didi luqhelekileyo kwiiseal ezininzi zokuhluza.
Ikhabhoni ingafakwa nezinto ezibumba ifilimu ezifana ne-fluoride xa kuqhutywa i-dry running, i-cryogenics kunye ne-vacuum applications, okanye i-oxidation inhibitors ezifana ne-phosphates xa kushushu kakhulu, kushushu kakhulu, nakwi-turbine applications ukuya kwi-800ft/sec kwaye ijikeleze i-537°C (1,000°F).
Isiramikhi
Iiceramics zizinto ezingezizo ezesinyithi ezingaphiliyo ezenziwe ngeekhompawundi zendalo okanye ezenziwe ngokwenziwa, ikakhulu i-alumina oxide okanye i-alumina. Inendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidisation, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana noomatshini, iikhemikhali, ipetroli, amayeza kunye neemoto.
Ikwanazo neempawu ezintle kakhulu ze-dielectric kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-insulators zombane, izinto ezinganyangekiyo, i-grinding media, kunye nezinto ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Kwi-purity ephezulu, i-alumina inokumelana okuhle kweekhemikhali kuninzi lwe-process fluids ngaphandle kwezinye ii-asidi ezinamandla, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kwe-mechanical seal. Nangona kunjalo, i-alumina inokuqhekeka ngokulula phantsi koxinzelelo lobushushu, nto leyo eye yathintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwezinye iindawo apho oku kunokuba yingxaki.
I-silicon carbide yenziwa ngokudibanisa i-silica kunye ne-coke. Ngokweekhemikhali ifana ne-ceramic, kodwa ineempawu zokuthambisa ezingcono kwaye iqinile, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisisombululo esilungileyo sokusebenza nzima kwiindawo ezinzima.
Ingaphinda idityaniswe ize ipholishwe ukuze isitywini sihlaziywe amaxesha amaninzi ebomini bayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu ngoomatshini, njengakwiisitywini zoomatshini ngenxa yokumelana kakuhle nokugqwala kweekhemikhali, amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana kakuhle nokuguguleka, umlinganiselo omncinci wokungqubana kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.
Xa isetyenziselwa ubuso bokutywina boomatshini, i-silicon carbide ibangela ukusebenza okuphuculweyo, ubomi bokutywina obandayo, iindleko eziphantsi zokugcinwa, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kwezixhobo ezijikelezayo ezifana neeturbines, iicompressors, kunye neepompo ze-centrifugal. I-Silicon carbide inokuba neepropati ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela eyenziwe ngayo. I-Reaction bonded silicon carbide yenziwa ngokubophelela amasuntswana e-silicon carbide kwenye kwenye kwinkqubo yokusabela.
Le nkqubo ayichaphazeli kakhulu uninzi lweempawu zomzimba nezobushushu zezinto, nangona kunjalo iyawuthintela ukumelana kweekhemikhali zezinto. Iikhemikhali eziqhelekileyo eziyingxaki zii-caustics (kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezine-pH ephezulu) kunye nee-asidi ezinamandla, ngoko ke akufuneki zisetyenziswe kwezi zixhobo.
I-silicon carbide e-self-sintered yenziwa ngokusinta iinxalenye ze-silicon carbide ngokuthe ngqo kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokusinta ezingezizo i-oxide kwindawo engasebenziyo kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-2,000°C. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezinto zesibini (ezifana ne-silicon), izinto ezisinta ngqo azinazo iikhemikhali phantse kuyo nayiphi na imeko yolwelo kunye nenkqubo enokubonwa kwipompo ye-centrifugal.
I-tungsten carbide yinto eguquguqukayo kakhulu efana ne-silicon carbide, kodwa ifanelekile ngakumbi kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu njengoko inobuthambile obuphezulu obuyivumela ukuba iguqe kancinci kwaye ithintele ukugqwetheka kobuso. Njenge-silicon carbide, inokuphinda idityaniswe kwaye ipholishwe.
Ii-tungsten carbides zihlala zenziwa njengee-carbides ezifakwe isamente ngoko ke akukho mzamo wokudibanisa i-tungsten carbide kuzo. Isinyithi sesibini siyongezwa ukubopha okanye ukunamathelisa amasuntswana e-tungsten carbide kunye, nto leyo ephumela kwinto eneempawu ezidibeneyo ze-tungsten carbide kunye ne-metal binder.
Oku kuye kwasetyenziswa njengenzuzo ngokubonelela ngokuqina okukhulu kunye namandla okubetha kunokuba kunokwenzeka nge-tungsten carbide yodwa. Enye yezinto ezibuthathaka ze-tungsten carbide eqinisiweyo kukuxinana kwayo okuphezulu. Ngaphambili, kwakusetyenziswa i-tungsten carbide ebotshelelwe kwi-cobalt, nangona kunjalo iye yatshintshwa kancinci kancinci yi-tungsten carbide ebotshelelwe kwi-nickel ngenxa yokuba ayinazo iikhemikhali ezifunekayo kushishino.
I-tungsten carbide ebotshelelwe kwi-nickel isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokutywina apho kufuneka khona amandla aphezulu kunye neempawu zokuqina okuphezulu, kwaye ihambelana kakuhle neekhemikhali ngokubanzi ngenxa ye-free nickel.
I-GFPTFE
I-GFPTFE inokumelana kakuhle neekhemikhali, kwaye iglasi eyongeziweyo inciphisa ukungqubana kobuso bokuvala. Ilungele ukusetyenziswa okucocekileyo kwaye ixabisa kancinci kunezinye izinto. Kukho ii-sub-variants ezikhoyo ukuze ihambelane ngcono nesitywino neemfuno kunye nokusingqongileyo, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kwayo iyonke.
IBuna
IBuna (ekwaziwa ngokuba yirabha ye-nitrile) yi-elastomer engabizi kakhulu kwii-O-rings, ii-sealants kunye neemveliso ezibunjiweyo. Yaziwa kakhulu ngokusebenza kwayo koomatshini kwaye isebenza kakuhle kwizicelo ezisekwe kwioyile, iikhemikhali kunye neekhemikhali. Ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwioyile eluhlaza, amanzi, iintlobo ngeentlobo zotywala, i-silicone grease kunye nolwelo lwe-hydraulic ngenxa yokungaguquguquki kwayo.
Njengoko iBuna iyi-copolymer yerabha eyenziweyo, isebenza kakuhle xa ifuna ukunamathela kwesinyithi kunye nezinto ezimelana nokurhawuzelelwa, kwaye le mvelaphi yekhemikhali iyenza ifaneleke kakhulu xa isetyenziswa kwi-sealant. Ngaphezu koko, inokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphantsi njengoko yenzelwe ukuba ingabi na-asidi kwaye ingabi na-alkali eninzi.
I-Buna inqunyelwe xa isetyenziswa ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima ezifana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, imozulu, ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokumelana nomphunga, kwaye ayifanelekanga xa isetyenziswa kunye nee-clean-in-place (CIP) sanitizing agents eziqulathe ii-asidi kunye ne-peroxides.
I-EPDM
I-EPDM yirabha eyenziweyo esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto, ulwakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa koomatshini kwiiseal kunye nee-O-rings, iityhubhu kunye neewashers. Ibiza kakhulu kuneBuna, kodwa inokumelana neentlobo ngeentlobo zeempawu zobushushu, zemozulu kunye nezoomatshini ngenxa yamandla ayo okuxinana ahlala ixesha elide. Iyakwazi ukusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, i-chlorine, i-bleach kunye nezinye izinto ze-alkaline.
Ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokuthamba kunye nokuncamathelisa, xa sele yoluliwe, i-EPDM ibuyela kwimo yayo yokuqala nokuba injani na iqondo lobushushu. I-EPDM ayikhuthazwa ukusetyenziswa kwioyile yepetroleum, ulwelo, i-chlorine hydrocarbon okanye i-hydrocarbon solvent.
IViton
I-Viton yimveliso yerabha ye-hydrocarbon ehlala ixesha elide, esebenza kakuhle, ene-fluorine, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-O-Rings kunye nee-seals. Ibiza kakhulu kunezinye izinto zerabha kodwa yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo kwiimfuno zokutywina ezinzima nezinzima.
Imelana ne-ozone, i-oxidation kunye neemeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu, kuquka izinto ezifana ne-aliphatic kunye ne-aromatic hydrocarbons, i-halogenated fluids kunye nezinto ze-asidi enamandla, yenye yezona fluoroelastomers ziqinileyo.
Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo zokutywina kubalulekile ukuze isicelo siphumelele. Nangona izinto ezininzi zokutywina zifana, nganye ineenjongo ezahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-12-2023