Ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo zokutywinwa kwakho kubalulekile njengoko kuya kudlala indima ekunqumeni umgangatho, ubomi kunye nokusebenza kwesicelo, kunye nokunciphisa iingxaki kwixesha elizayo. Apha, sijonga indlela okusingqongileyo kuya kuchaphazela ngayo ukukhethwa kwezinto zokutywina, kunye nezinye zezona zinto ziqhelekileyo kwaye zeziphi izicelo ezizilungele kakhulu.
Imiba yokusingqongileyo
Imekobume itywina ekuya kuvezwa kuyo ibalulekile xa ukhetha uyilo kunye nemathiriyeli. Kukho inani leempawu eziphambili ezifunekayo izinto zokutywina kuzo zonke iindawo, kubandakanywa ukudala ubuso obuzinzile, obukwazi ukuqhuba ukushisa, ukunyanzeliswa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle.
Kwezinye iimeko, ezi zakhiwo ziya kufuneka zomelele kunezinye. Ezinye izinto eziphathekayo ezimele zithathelwe ingqalelo xa kuqwalaselwa imo engqongileyo ibandakanya ubunzima, ukuqina, ukwandiswa kwe-thermal, ukugqoka kunye nokumelana nemichiza. Ukugcina oku engqondweni kuya kukunceda ufumane imathiriyeli efanelekileyo yetywina lakho.
Imo engqongileyo inokumisela ukuba iindleko okanye umgangatho wetywina unokubekwa phambili. Kwimekobume erhabaxa nerhabaxa, amatywina angabiza kakhulu ngenxa yezixhobo ezifuna ukomelela ngokwaneleyo ukuze zimelane nezi meko.
Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuchitha imali kwitywina lomgangatho ophezulu kuya kuzihlawula ngokwako ekuhambeni kwexesha njengoko kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukuvalwa okuxabisa kakhulu, ukulungiswa, kunye nokuhlaziywa okanye ukutshintshwa kwetywina okuya kubangela itywina lomgangatho ophantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ekumpompeni izicelo nge ulwelo olucocekileyo kakhulu oluneempawu zokuthambisa, isitywina esifikelelekayo sinokuthengwa kulungiselelwa iibheringi ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokutywinwa
Ikhabhoni
Ikhabhoni esetyenziswa ebusweni betywina ngumxube wekhabhoni yeamorphous kunye negraphite, kunye neepesenteji nganye imisela iipropathi ezibonakalayo kwibakala lokugqibela lekhabhoni. Yimathiriyeli engasebenziyo, ezinzileyo enokuzithambisa.
Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesibini sobuso bokugqibela kumatywina oomatshini, kwaye ikwayinto edumileyo yokutywinwa okusekwe kujikelezo kunye nemisesane yepiston phantsi komyinge owomileyo okanye omncinci wokuthambisa. Lo mxube wekhabhoni / igraphite ungaphinda ufakwe kunye nezinye izinto ukuze unike iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokunciphisa i-porosity, ukuphuculwa kokunxiba okanye ukuphuculwa kwamandla.
I-thermoset resin efakwe kwi-carbon seal yeyona nto ixhaphake kakhulu kwii-mechanical seals, kunye neekhabhoni ezininzi ezifakwe kwi-resin ezikwazi ukusebenza kuluhlu olubanzi lweekhemikhali ukusuka kwiziseko ezomeleleyo ukuya kwi-acids ezomeleleyo. Bakwanazo neepropati ezilungileyo zokukhuhlana kunye nemodyuli eyaneleyo yokunceda ukulawula ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo. Esi sixhobo silungele ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwi-260 ° C (500 ° F) emanzini, izipholisi, amafutha, i-oyile, izisombululo zeekhemikhali ezilula, kunye nokusetyenziswa kokutya kunye neziyobisi.
Izitywina zekhabhoni ezifakwe kwi-Antimony nazo zingqineke ziyimpumelelo ngenxa yamandla kunye nemodyuli ye-antimony, iyenza ilunge kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu xa kufuneka into eyomeleleyo neqinileyo. La matywina ayakwazi ukumelana nokudumba kwizicelo ezinolwelo oluphezulu lwe-viscosity okanye ii-hydrocarbons ezikhanyayo, oko kuyenza ibe libakala eliqhelekileyo lezicelo ezininzi zokucoca.
Ikhabhoni inokuthi ifakwe kunye nezinto ezenziwe bhanyabhanya ezifana ne-fluoride yokucima okomileyo, i-cryogenics kunye ne-vacuum applications, okanye i-oxidation inhibitors efana ne-phosphates yobushushu obuphezulu, isantya esiphezulu, kunye nosetyenziso lwe-iturbine ukuya kwi-800ft / sec kunye nokujikeleza i-537 ° C (1,000 ° F).
I-Ceramic
I-Ceramics zizinto ze-inorganic non-metallic ezenziwe ngezinto zendalo okanye ezenziwe nge-synthetic, ezininzi eziqhelekileyo i-alumina oxide okanye i-alumina. Inomgangatho ophezulu wokunyibilika, ubunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana noomatshini, iikhemikhali, i-petroleum, amayeza kunye nemoto.
Ikwanayo neempawu zedielectric ezigqwesileyo kwaye iqhele ukusetyenziselwa izithinteli zombane, izixhobo ezikwaziyo ukunxiba, imidiya yokusila, kunye nezixhobo zobushushu obuphezulu. Kwiindawo zokucoceka okuphezulu, i-alumina inokumelana okugqwesileyo kweekhemikhali kuninzi lwenkqubo yolwelo ngaphandle kwe-asidi eyomeleleyo, ekhokelela ekubeni isetyenziswe kwizicelo ezininzi zokutywinwa koomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, i-alumina inokwaphuka ngokulula phantsi komothuko we-thermal, othintele ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwezinye izicelo apho oku kunokuba ngumba.
I-silicon carbide yenziwe ngokudibanisa i-silica kunye ne-coke. Ifana neekhemikhali ezifana ne-ceramic, kodwa ineempawu ezingcono zokuthambisa kwaye inzima, iyenza ibe sisisombululo esilungileyo sokunxiba nzima kwindawo ezingqongileyo.
Inokuthi iphinde ifakwe i-lap kwaye iphuculwe ukuze itywina ihlaziywe kaninzi kubomi bayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa ngakumbi ngoomatshini, njengakwizitywina zoomatshini ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwayo kakuhle kweekhemikhali, ukomelela okuphezulu, ubunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, ukukhuhlana okuncinci kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.
Xa isetyenziselwa ubuso bokutywinwa komatshini, i-silicon carbide iphumela ekusebenzeni okuphuculweyo, ukonyuka kobomi bokutywina, iindleko zokugcinwa okuphantsi, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kwezixhobo ezijikelezayo ezinjengee-turbines, compressors, kunye neepompo ze-centrifugal. I-silicon carbide ingaba neepropati ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwindlela eyenziwe ngayo. I-Reaction edityanisiweyo ye-silicon carbide yenziwa ngokudibanisa amasuntswana e-silicon carbide enye kwenye kwinkqubo yokusabela.
Le nkqubo ayichaphazeli kakhulu ininzi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-thermal yezinto eziphathekayo, nangona kunjalo iyanciphisa ukuchaswa kweekhemikhali kwizinto eziphathekayo. Iikhemikhali eziqhelekileyo ezinengxaki ziyi-caustics (kunye nezinye iikhemikhali eziphezulu ze-pH) kunye ne-acids eqinile, kwaye ngoko ke i-silicon carbide edibeneyo yokusabela ayifanele isetyenziswe kwezi zicelo.
I-silicon carbide ye-self-sintered yenziwa ngokufaka i-silicon carbide amasuntswana ngokuthe ngqo kunye kusetyenziswa i-non-oxide sintering aid kwindawo engasebenziyo kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-2,000 ° C. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwemathiriyeli yesibini (efana ne-silicon), i-sintered material ethe ngqo ayinyangeki ngamachiza phantse kuyo nayiphi na imeko yolwelo kunye nenkqubo enokuthi ibonakale kwimpompo ye-centrifugal.
I-Tungsten carbide yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo kakhulu njenge-silicon carbide, kodwa ifaneleke ngakumbi kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu njengoko ine-elasticity ephezulu eyivumela ukuba ijike kancinci kwaye ithintele ukugqwetheka kobuso. Njenge-silicon carbide, inokuphinda ifakwe kwaye ipoliswe.
I-tungsten carbides ihlala isenziwa njenge-carbides enesamente ngoko akukho nzame yokudibanisa i-tungsten carbide kuyo. Intsimbi yesibini yongezwa ukuze ibophe okanye i-samente i-tungsten carbide particles kunye, okubangela ukuba kubekho izinto ezineepropati ezidibeneyo zombini i-tungsten carbide kunye ne-binder yensimbi.
Oku kusetyenziswe inzuzo ngokubonelela ngokuqina okukhulu kunye namandla empembelelo kunokuba kunokwenzeka nge-tungsten carbide yodwa. Olunye ubuthathaka be-cemented tungsten carbide kukuxinana kwayo okuphezulu. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-cobalt-bound tungsten carbide yayisetyenziswa, nangona kunjalo iye yatshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe yi-nickel-bound tungsten carbide ngenxa yokuba ayinalo uluhlu lokuhambelana kweekhemikhali ezifunekayo kwishishini.
I-tungsten carbide ene-nickel-bound isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kubuso betywina apho amandla aphezulu kunye neempawu zokuqina okuphezulu zifunwayo, kwaye inokuhambelana okuhle kweekhemikhali ngokubanzi kunqunyelwe yi-nickel yasimahla.
GFPTFE
I-GFPTFE inokumelana neekhemikhali ezilungileyo, kwaye iglasi eyongeziweyo inciphisa ukukhuhlana kobuso bokutywina. Ifanelekile kwizicelo ezicocekileyo kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi kunezinye izinto. Kukho iinguqu ezisezantsi ezifumanekayo zokudibanisa ngcono itywina kwiimfuno kunye nokusingqongileyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo ngokubanzi.
Buna
I-Buna (ekwabizwa ngokuba yirabha ye-nitrile) yi-elastomer engabizi kakhulu ye-O-rings, i-sealants kunye neemveliso ezibunjiweyo. Iyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo ngoomatshini kwaye yenza kakuhle kwi-oyile-based, petrochemical and chemical applications. Ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwioyile ekrwada, amanzi, utywala obahlukeneyo, igrisi ye-silicone kunye nosetyenziso lwe-hydraulic fluid ngenxa yokungaguquki kwayo.
Njengoko i-Buna iyi-copolymer yerabha yokwenziwa, iqhuba kakuhle kwizicelo ezifuna ukuncamathelwa kwesinyithi kunye nezinto ezinganyangekiyo kwi-abrasion, kwaye le mvelaphi yeekhemikhali iyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwe-sealant. Ngaphaya koko, inokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphantsi njengoko iyilwe nge-asidi embi kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-alkali.
I-Buna inqunyelwe kwizicelo ezinezinto ezigqithisileyo ezifana nokushisa okuphezulu, imozulu, ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nezicelo zokumelana nomphunga, kwaye ayifanelekanga nge-clean-in-place (CIP) i-sanitizing agents equkethe i-acids kunye ne-peroxides.
EPDM
I-EPDM yirabha yokwenziwa esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-automotive, ukwakhiwa kunye nezicelo zoomatshini kwii-seals kunye ne-O-rings, i-tubing kunye ne-washers. Ibiza kakhulu kune-Buna, kodwa inokumelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-thermal, imozulu kunye neempawu zomatshini ngenxa yamandla ayo ahlala ixesha elide. Iyaguquguquka kwaye ifanelekile kwizicelo ezibandakanya amanzi, iklorini, iblitshi kunye nezinye izinto zealkaline.
Ngenxa yeepropathi ezi-elastic kunye ne-adhesive, xa yoluliwe, i-EPDM ibuyela kwimo yayo yangaphambili kungakhathaliseki ukuba iqondo lokushisa. I-EPDM ayikhuthazwa kwi-oyile ye-petroleum, i-fluids, i-chlorinated hydrocarbon okanye i-hydrocarbon solvent applications.
Viton
I-Viton yinto ehlala ixesha elide, ephezulu, i-fluorinated, imveliso yerabha ye-hydrocarbon esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-O-Rings kunye netywina. Ibiza kakhulu kunezinye imathiriyeli yerabha kodwa yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo kweyona mfuno ingumngeni kwaye ifuna ukutywinwa.
Ukumelana ne-ozone, i-oxidation kunye neemeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo, kubandakanywa izixhobo ezifana ne-aliphatic kunye ne-aromatic hydrocarbons, ulwelo lwe-halogenated kunye nemathiriyeli ye-asidi eyomeleleyo, yenye yezona zinto ziqinileyo ze-fluoroelastomers.
Ukukhetha izinto ezichanekileyo zokutywinwa kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yesicelo. Ngelixa izinto ezininzi zokutywina zifana, nganye isebenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana nayo nayiphi na imfuno ethile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-12-2023