Iimpawu zoomatshini zisebenza njenge-linchpin ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kunye nobomi obude beempompo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso, abaxube, kunye nezinye izixhobo apho ukutywinwa okungangeni moya kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqonda ixesha lokuphila kwala macandelo ayimfuneko ayingombandela wolondolozo kuphela kodwa ikwangomnye wobuchule boqoqosho kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza. Kweli nqaku, siza kugocagoca kwizinto eziphembelela ukuqina kwezitywina zoomatshini kwaye siphonononge indlela uyilo lwazo, indawo esingqongileyo, kunye neemeko zenkonzo ezithungelana ukumisela ubomi obude. Ngokukhupha ezi zinto, abafundi baya kufumana ukuqonda ekwandiseni ixesha elilindelekileyo lobomi bamatywina oomatshini kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yabo iqhuba kakuhle kwaye ngaphandle kokusilela kokuphazamiseka.
I-Avareji yoBomi bamatywina oomatshini
1.Ulindelo lobomi ngokubanzi
Iimpawu zoomatshini ziyinxalenye esisiseko kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni intembeko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqonda umndilili wokuphila kwezi zitywina kubalulekile ekucwangciseni iishedyuli zokulondolozwa kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutywinwa koomatshini kunokuhlala naphi na ukusuka kwiinyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza.
Olu lindelo luqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, sisiseko nje. Zininzi izinto eziza kudlala xa kumiselwa ubomi obuchanekileyo betywina lomatshini, kubandakanywa uyilo, ukwakheka kwemathiriyeli, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo esetyenziselwa kona. Amanye amatywina anokugqithisa isiphelo esiphezulu solu luhlu kwiimeko ezivumayo ngokukodwa, ngelixa ezinye zinokusilela kwangethuba ukuba ziphantsi kweemeko ezingqongileyo ezingqongqo okanye iimfuno eziqatha.
Ukulindela ubomi betywina kwakhona kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobukhulu betywina kunye nomenzi walo. Umzekelo,amatywina omnye mechanical springzinokunika ubomi obude obahlukeneyo xa kuthelekiswa nekhatriji okanye uhlobo lwezitywina ngenxa yomehluko woyilo wendalo. Ngaphaya koko, ukunyamezelwa kwemveliso kunye nolawulo lomgangatho kunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kubomi botywino-ngezinto zomgangatho ophezulu kunye nobunjineli obuchanekileyo buguqulela ukuqina okukhulu.
Imigangatho yeshishini ihlala ibonelela ngebenchmarks kubomi benkonzo kodwa ekugqibeleni izikhokelo eziqhelekileyo kunexesha eliqinisekisiweyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, abaqhubi kunye neenjineli akufuneki bathembele kuphela kule milinganiselo kodwa kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo idatha yokusebenza kwembali evela kwizicelo ezifanayo.
| Uhlobo lweSitywina soomatshini | Uluhlu loBomi olulindelekileyo |
| Intwasahlobo enye | 1 - 2 iminyaka |
| Ikhatriji | 2 - 4 iminyaka |
| Imvubu | 3 - 5 iminyaka |
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ixesha lokuphila ngaphaya kolu luhlu lunokwenzeka ngononophelo olukhethekileyo okanye phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo; ngokulinganayo, imiba yokusebenza engalindelekanga inokukhokelela kutshintsho kwangethuba phambi kokufikelela kule milinganiselo.
2.Ukwahluka okuSekwe kwiintlobo zeTywina kunye nezicelo
Ukomelela kunye nobomi bokusebenza koomatshini botywino bungaguquguquka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwabo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo apho baqeshwe khona. Ulungelelwaniso lwamatywina amaninzi luyilelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini, ukusuka kwiimpompo kunye nabaxube ukuya kwiicompressors kunye ne-agitators. Umzekelo, iikhatriji zokutywinwa zibonelela ngobomi obude benkonzo ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwazo kwangaphambili, kulula ukuzifaka kwindalo enciphisa iimpazamo zofakelo.
Nalu ujongo oluqaqambisa iintlobo zetywina eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini ecaleni kwezicelo eziqhelekileyo, ezibonelela ngombono kwiiyantlukwano zobomi obulindelekileyo:
| Uhlobo lweTywina loomatshini | Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo | Ukwahluka kobomi obulindelekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| Iimpawu zeCartridge | Iimpompo; Izixhobo ezinkulu | Ixesha elide ngenxa yokulula kokufaka |
| Icandelo lamatywina | Iimpompo ezisemgangathweni; Iinjongo jikelele | Mfutshane; ixhomekeke kufakelo oluchanekileyo |
| Amatywina alungeleleneyo | Iinkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu | Yandisiwe ngenxa yemikhosi yokuvala elinganayo |
| Amatywina angalungelelananga | izicelo ezingafunwa kakhulu | Yehlisiwe, ngakumbi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu |
| Metal Bellows Seals | Iindawo zobushushu obuphezulu | Ukomelela okuphuculweyo kukwandiswa kwe-thermal |
| Iitywina zoMxube | Ukuxuba Izixhobo | Iyahluka ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe ekuxubeni koxinzelelo |
Uhlobo ngalunye lwetywina lomatshini lulungiselelwe ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ezichaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo ixesha elide. Amatywina alungeleleneyo, umzekelo, anobuchule bokuphatha uxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphandle kwempembelelo ebalulekileyo kubomi babo-bafezekisa oku ngokusasazwa okulinganayo kwamandla oxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic kuwo wonke ujongano lokutywinwa. Kwelinye icala, amatywina angalungelelananga anokuba neendleko ezithe kratya kodwa anokubandezeleka kubomi obuncitshisiweyo kwiimeko ezibangwayo ezinje ngeendawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu apho amandla angalinganiyo asasazwayo akhokelela ekugugeni okukhawulezayo kunye nokukrazuka.
Izitywina zentsimbi zentsimbi zibonisa unyamezelo olumangalisayo xa zijongene nokusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu-ingqwalasela ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzweni kweekhemikhali okanye kwiindawo zokucokisa ioli apho ukwanda okubangelwa yiqondo lobushushu kungaphazamisana nokuthembeka kwetywina.
Izitywina zomxube zijongene nemingeni eyahlukeneyo: amasuntswana abrasive kunye nemikhosi eguquguqukayo yokucheba ekhoyo kwiinkqubo zokuxuba ifuna uyilo olukhethekileyo. Ubude bobomi apha buxhomekeke kakhulu kumntu ngamnye, butshintsha ngokwenqanaba lokuxina kwesicelo ngasinye kunye nokurhawuka kwezinto ezibandakanyekayo.
Oku kwantlukwano kugxininisa imfuneko yokhetho olunenkathalo olusekwe kungekuphela nje ekulungelelaniseni okukhawulezileyo kodwa nakwizinto ezilindelweyo zentsebenzo yexesha elizayo ezisekelwe kwiimfuno ezingqale kwisicelo. Ukuqonda olu lwahlulo kunceda abathengi ekukhetheni izitywina zoomatshini ezandisa ukusebenza kunye nokuphila ixesha elide ngaphakathi komxholo wabo okhethekileyo wokusebenza.
Izinto ezichaphazela uBomi beZitywina zoomatshini
1.Umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo: Ukuchaza indlela iMpathi echaphazela ngayo ixesha elide
Ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kwezitywina zoomatshini kuphenjelelwa kakhulu ngumgangatho wezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwazo. Izixhobo zamacandelo okutywinwa komatshini zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kumandla azo okumelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kubandakanya ukudibana nolwelo olunobundlongondlongo, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, kunye nokwahluka koxinzelelo.
Izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziya kuqinisekisa ukuba ubuso betywina, zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokugcina umqobo oqinileyo wokuchasana nokuvuza kwamanzi, zihlala ziqinile kwaye zingagugi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukhetho phakathi kwezixhobo ezifana neekeramics, i-silicon carbide, i-tungsten carbide, insimbi engenasici, kunye nee-elastomers ezahlukeneyo zenziwa ngokuqwalasela ngononophelo iindawo zabo zokuthunyelwa.
Ukubonisa indlela ubulunga bemathiriyeli obuchaphazela ngayo ubomi obude, cinga ngezitywina ezenziwe nge-ceramic ezibonelela ngokugqwesileyo ukuxhathisa ukudleka kodwa ezinokuthi zithande ukophuka phantsi komothuko we-thermal okanye amandla agqithisileyo. I-Silicon carbide ibonelela ngobulukhuni obuphezulu kunye ne-thermal conductivity eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizicelo ezikhawulezayo ezivelisa ukushisa okukhulu.
Ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo lukwanabela kumacandelo okutywinwa kwesibini afana ne-O-rings okanye ii-gaskets apho ii-elastomers ezifana ne-Viton™ okanye i-EPDM ziphantsi kokuhlolwa ukuhambelana kwazo neekhemikhali kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal. Olona khetho lufanelekileyo lunceda ekuthinteleni ukuthotywa okunokukhokelela ekohlulekeni kwangaphambi kwexesha kwiindawo ezinobundlobongela.
Kuyaqondakala ukuba, ezi zixhobo ziza kwiindleko ezahlukeneyo-zibonisa ukuzodwa kwazo kwisicelo; ngoko, utyalo-mali kwizinto ezifanelekileyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu akuncedi kuphela kubomi benkonzo eyandisiweyo kodwa nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo nokuthembeka kweenkqubo zoomatshini abazisebenzisayo. Apha ngezantsi kukho itafile emele iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli ezidla ngokusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo lwetywina loomatshini kunye nezinye zeempawu zabo eziphambili:
| Uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo | Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa | Nxiba ukuxhathisa | Ukuzinza kweThermal |
| IiCeramics | Phezulu | Phakathi | Phezulu |
| Isilicon Carbide | Egqwesileyo | Egqwesileyo | Egqwesileyo |
| I-Tungsten Carbide | Kulungile | Egqwesileyo | Kulungile |
| Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo | Kulungile | Kulungile | Phakathi |
| Iilastomers (Viton™) | Iyaguquguquka | Iyaguquguquka | Phezulu |
| Iilastomers (EPDM) | Kulungile | Phakathi | Kulungile |
Inketho nganye izisa amandla anegalelo kubomi obude betywina xa ifaniswe ngokufanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zokusetyenziswa-umsebenzi ojongene nabaqulunqi kunye neenjineli ezijolise ekufezekiseni ixesha elide lenkqubo ngokukhetha izinto ngononophelo.
2.IiMeko zokuSebenza: Impembelelo yeqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye neNdalo eNyonakalisayo
Iimeko zokusebenza zichaphazela kakhulu ixesha lokuphila kwamatywina omatshini. Ezi meko ziquka ukuguquguquka kweqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuvezwa kwezinto ezonakalisayo, zonke ezinokubangela idigri ezahlukeneyo zokuguga. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ngokomzekelo, anokukhokelela ekwandeni kwe-thermal yamacandelo etywina kunye nokuwohloka kwee-elastomers. Kwelinye icala, amaqondo obushushu aphantsi anokubangela ukuba imathiriyeli ethile yokutywina ibe brittle kwaye iqhekeke.
Uxinzelelo lukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo; Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lunokuphazamisa imiphezulu yokutywina okanye luphazamise ibhalansi phakathi kobuso betywina, nto leyo ekhokelela kukusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha. Ngokuchaseneyo, uxinzelelo oluphantsi kakhulu lunokuthintela ukwakheka okufanelekileyo kwefilimu yokuthambisa ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwetywina.
Ngokumalunga neendawo ezinobungozi, uhlaselo lweekhemikhali lunokonakalisa izinto zokutywina ezikhokelela ekulahlekeni kwezinto eziphathekayo kwaye ekugqibeleni ukusilela ngenxa yokuvuza okanye ukwaphuka. Izinto zokutywina kufuneka zihambelane nolwelo lwenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuxhathisa ngokuchasene nobundlobongela obunjalo.
Ukubonisa ezi mpembelelo ngokucacileyo ngakumbi, ngezantsi sisishwankathelo esidwelisiweyo esichaza ukuba iimeko zokusebenza zibuchaphazela njani ubomi obude bomatshini:
| Umqathango wokuSebenza | Impembelelo kuMatywina oomatshini | Isiphumo |
| Ubushushu obuphezulu | Ukwandiswa kunye nokuwohloka kwe-elastomer | UkuNcitshiswa kokuSebenza kweSitywina |
| Ubushushu obuphantsi | I-Material Brittle & Cracking | Ukuqhekeka kweTywina okunokwenzeka |
| Uxinzelelo Olugqithisileyo | Ukuguqulwa kunye nokuphazamiseka kobuso | Ukungaphumeleli kwetywina kwangaphambi kwexesha |
| Uxinzelelo oluphantsi | Umboniso bhanyabhanya wokuthambisa onganelanga | Ukunxiba okuPhezulu kunye nokukrazula |
| Imekobume Eyonakalisayo | Ukuthotywa kwemichiza | Ukuvuza/Ukwaphuka |
Ukuqonda kunye nokulawula ezi parameters kubaluleke kakhulu ekwandiseni ubomi bokusebenza kwezitywina zoomatshini. Kuphela ngoqwalaselo olucokisekileyo lwemeko-bume yokusebenza apho umntu anokuqinisekisa ukuba izitywini zoomatshini zisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kubomi babo benkonzo.
3.Ufakelo kunye noLondolozo: Indima yoFakelo oluLungileyo kunye noLondolozo lwarhoqo
Ubude obude kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezitywina zoomatshini kuchaphazeleka kakhulu kukuchaneka kofakelo lwazo kunye nokuqina kokugcinwa kwazo. Ukufakela ngokungafanelekanga izitywina zoomatshini kunokukhokelela kubomi obuncitshisiweyo bokutywinwa ngenxa yokungalungelelani kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukunxiba okugqithisileyo okanye ukungaphumeleli kwangoko. Ngaphezu koko, ukugcinwa kwesiqhelo kuyinkqubo ebalulekileyo eqinisekisa impilo eqhubekayo yala macandelo.
Abasebenzi bezogcino kufuneka babambelele kwimigaqo emiselweyo, kubandakanywa neeshedyuli zokuhlola, ezinceda ukufumanisa imiba enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba inyuke ibe kukungaphumeleli okunexabiso eliphezulu. Iinkqubo zokucoca, ukuthambisa, kunye nohlengahlengiso kufuneka zilandelwe ngokwemigaqo yomenzi. Isitywina esigcinwe kakuhle sithintela ukungcola okungonakalisa iindawo zokutywinwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina okuqinileyo kunye nokuthintela ukuvuza.
Ezona zenzo zingcono kwishishini zicebisa ukuba kuqeqeshwe amagcisa anoxanduva lokufakela kunye nenkxaso ekuqondeni iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba itywina lomatshini linokuba semngciphekweni okanye lisondele ekupheleni kobomi. Le ndlela yokuthintela ayigcini nje ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila kodwa iqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngaphakathi kokusebenza kwenkqubo. Ngokugxininisa ukufakela okufanelekileyo okudityaniswe nokugcinwa ngokucokisekileyo, imibutho inokwandisa ukusebenza kunye nexabiso ukusuka kutyalo-mali lwabo lotywino lomatshini.
| Inkalo yesondlo | Igalelo lokutywina uBomi boBomi |
| Ukuhlolwa rhoqo | Uchonga iimpawu zokuqala zokuguga okanye umonakalo |
| Amanyathelo Okulungisa | Ivumela ungenelelo lwangethuba ukulungisa imiba |
| Ukucoca icandelo | Ithintela ukwakheka okunokukhokelela ekuthotyweni okanye ekuvalelekeni |
| Iitshekhi zokuthambisa | Iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye inciphisa ukuwohloka okunxulumene nokukhuhlane |
| Ukubekwa esweni kokuSebenza | Igcina iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusingqongileyo malunga nesitywina |
Ukuququmbela
Ukuqukumbela, ixesha lokuphila lokutywinwa koomatshini lixhomekeke kwibhalansi ebuthathaka yezinto ezibandakanya ukuhambelana kwezinto, ufakelo olufanelekileyo, iimeko zokusetyenziswa, kunye nezicwangciso zogcino. Ngelixa uqikelelo lunokubonelela ngesikhokelo ngokubanzi, unyamezelo lokwenyani lotywino lwakho lomatshini luxhomekeke ekongameleni olunenkathalo kunye nokubambelela kwezona zenzo zilungileyo. Ukuqonda ukuba imeko nganye inika imiceli mngeni ekhethekileyo, ukufuna itywina elihlala ixesha elide kufuna izisombululo ezicetywayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-28-2023