Iimpawu zoomatshinidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukuvuza kumashishini amaninzi awohlukeneyo. Kushishino lwaselwandle kukhoimpompo yotywino lomatshini, i-shaft ejikelezayo yotywino lomatshini. Kwaye kwishishini leoli kunye negesi kukhoi-cartridge mechanical seals,ukwahlula amatywina oomatshini okanye igesi eyomileyo yotywino lomatshini. Kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto kukho itywina lomatshini wamanzi. Kwaye kwishishini lemichiza kukho i-mixer mechanical seals (i-agitator mechanical seals) kunye ne-compressor mechanical seals.
Kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa, kufuna isisombululo sokutywinwa ngoomatshini ngezinto ezahlukeneyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemathiriyeli esetyenziswa kwiizitywini shaft mechanical ezinje ngeceramic mechanical seals, carbon mechanical seals, Silicone carbide mechanical seals,SSIC mechanical seals kunyeTC izitywini zoomatshini.
Iimpawu zeCeramic mechanical
Izitywina zoomatshini beCeramic zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso, eziyilelwe ukuthintela ukuvuza kolwelo phakathi kwemiphezulu emibini, enje ngeshafu ejikelezayo kunye nendlu emileyo. La matywina axatyiswe kakhulu ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwawo okungaqhelekanga, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo.
Indima ephambili ye-ceramic mechanical seals kukugcina ingqibelelo yezixhobo ngokuthintela ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi okanye ukungcoliswa. Zisetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi, kubandakanywa ioli kunye negesi, ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, unyango lwamanzi, amayeza, kunye nokulungiswa kokutya. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezi zitywina kunokubalelwa kulwakhiwo lwazo oluhlala ixesha elide; zenziwe ngezinto eziphambili ze-ceramic ezinikezela ngeempawu zokusebenza eziphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto zokutywina.
Izitywina ze-Ceramic mechanical zibandakanya amacandelo amabini angundoqo: enye i-mechanical stationary face (ehlala yenziwe nge-ceramic material), kwaye enye i-rotary face ye-mechanical (eqhele ukwakhiwa nge-carbon graphite). Inyathelo lokutywina lenzeka xa bobabini ubuso bucinezelwe kunye kusetyenziswa amandla entwasahlobo, ukudala umqobo osebenzayo ngokuchasene nokuvuza kolwelo. Njengoko izixhobo zisebenza, ifilimu yokuthambisa phakathi kobuso bokutywina inciphisa ukungqubana kunye nokunxiba ngelixa ugcina isitywina esiqinileyo.
Enye into ebalulekileyo eyahlula izitywina ze-ceramic zoomatshini kwezinye iindidi kukuxhathisa kwazo okugqwesileyo. Izixhobo zeCeramic zineempawu ezibalaseleyo zokuqina ezivumela ukuba zinyamezele iimeko ezirhabaxa ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu. Oku kubangela amatywina ahlala ixesha elide afuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo okanye ukulungiswa kancinci kunezo zenziwe ngezinto ezithambileyo.
Ukongeza kokunganyangeki, ii-ceramics zikwabonisa uzinzo olukhethekileyo lwe-thermal. Banokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphandle kokufumana ukuthotywa okanye ukuphulukana nokusebenza kwabo kokutywinwa. Oku kubenza balungele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu apho ezinye izinto zokutywina zinokusilela phambi kwexesha.
Okokugqibela, izitywina ze-ceramic zoomatshini zibonelela ngokuhambelana okugqwesileyo kweekhemikhali, ngokuxhathisa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezitshabalalisayo. Oku kubenza babe lukhetho olunomtsalane kumashishini ahlala ejongana neekhemikhali ezirhabaxa kunye nolwelo olunamandla.
Iimpawu zeCeramic mechanical ziyimfunekoamatywina ecandeloyenzelwe ukuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi kwizixhobo zamashishini. Iipropathi zabo ezizodwa, ezinje ngokumelana nokunxiba, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, kunye nokuhambelana neekhemikhali, kubenza ukuba babe lolona khetho lukhethekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo kumashishini amaninzi.
| impahla yeceramic ebonakalayo | ||||
| Ipharamitha yobugcisa | iyunithi | 95% | 99% | 99.50% |
| Ukuxinana | g/cm3 | 3.7 | 3.88 | 3.9 |
| Ukuqina | HRA | 85 | 88 | 90 |
| Izinga le-Porosity | % | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Amandla efractural | MPa | 250 | 310 | 350 |
| I-Coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu | 10(-6)/K | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
| I-Thermal conductivity | W/MK | 27.8 | 26.7 | 26 |
Iitywina zeCarbon mechanical
I-Mechanical carbon seal inembali ende. Igraphite yi-isoform ye element carbon. Ngo-1971, iUnited States yafunda imathiriyeli yokutywina eguquguqukayo yegraphite, eyasombulula ukuvuza kwevalve yamandla eathom. Emva kokucubungula okunzulu, i-graphite eguquguqukayo iba yinto ebalaseleyo yokutywina, eyenziwa kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo ze-carbon mechanical kunye nefuthe lamacandelo okutywinwa. Ezi zitywina ze-carbon mechanical zisetyenziswa kwiikhemikhali, i-petroleum, kumashishini ombane ombane afana nokutywinwa kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.
Ngenxa yokuba igraphite eguquguqukayo yenziwa kukwandiswa kwegraphite eyandisiweyo emva kobushushu obuphezulu, inani le-arhente edibeneyo eseleyo kwigraphite eguquguqukayo incinci kakhulu, kodwa ayiphelelanga, ngoko ubukho kunye nokwakheka kwe-arhente yokudibanisa kunempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho. kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zobuso beCarbon Seal
Umqambi wokuqala wasebenzisa i-sulfuric acid egxininisiweyo njenge-oxidant kunye ne-intercalating agent. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokusetyenziswa kwisitywina secandelo lensimbi, isixa esincinci sesulfure esisele kwigraphite eguquguqukayo yafunyanwa ukuba idibanise isinyithi soqhagamshelwano emva kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. Ukujonga le ngongoma, abanye abaphengululi basekhaya baye bazama ukuyiphucula, njengeNgoma Kemin owakhetha i-acetic acid kunye ne-organic acid endaweni ye-sulfuric acid. iasidi, icotha kwi-asidi ye-nitric, kwaye ithobe iqondo lobushushu kwiqondo legumbi, eyenziwe ngomxube weasidi ye-nitric kunye ne-acetic acid. Ngokusebenzisa umxube we-nitric acid kunye ne-acetic acid njenge-ejenti yokufaka, i-graphite eyandisiweyo yesulfure yamahhala yalungiswa nge-potassium permanganate njenge-oxidant, kwaye i-acetic acid yongezwa kancinci kwi-nitric acid. Iqondo lobushushu liyancitshiswa lilingane negumbi, kwaye umxube we-nitric acid kunye ne-acetic acid uyenziwa. Emva koko i-graphite yemvelo yendalo kunye ne-potassium permanganate yongezwa kulo mxube. Ngaphantsi kokuvuselela rhoqo, izinga lokushisa liyi-30 C. Emva kokuphendula i-40min, amanzi ahlanjwe ukuba angathathi hlangothi kwaye omiswe kwi-50 ~ 60 C, kwaye i-graphite eyandisiweyo yenziwa emva kokwandiswa kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Le ndlela ayiphumeleli kwi-vulcanization phantsi komqathango wokuba imveliso inokufikelela kumthamo othile wokwandiswa, ukuze kufezekiswe uhlobo oluzinzileyo lwezinto zokutywinwa.
| Uhlobo | M106H | M120H | M106K | M120K | M106F | M120F | I-M106D | M120D | M254D |
| Uphawu | Ukhulelwe | Ukhulelwe | I-Phenol eMilwe | I-Antimony Carbon(A) | |||||
| Ukuxinana | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Ukomelela Kweqhekeza | 65 | 60 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 65 | 60 | 55 |
| Amandla acinezelayo | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 220 | 220 | 210 |
| Ukuqina | 85 | 80 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| I-Porosity | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 |
| Amaqondo obushushu | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 400 | 400 | 450 |
ISilicon Carbide mechanical seals
I-Silicon carbide (i-SiC) ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-carborundum, eyenziwe ngesanti ye-quartz, i-petroleum coke (okanye i-coal coke), i-wood chips (ekufuneka ifakwe xa ivelisa i-silicon carbide eluhlaza) njalo njalo. I-silicon carbide nayo ineminerali enqabileyo kwindalo, i-mulberry. Kwixesha langoku i-C, N, B kunye nezinye i-non-oxide high technology refractory raw materials, isilicon carbide yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kunye nezoqoqosho, ezinokubizwa ngokuba yisanti yentsimbi yegolide okanye isanti ephikisayo. Okwangoku, imveliso yaseTshayina yemveliso yesilicon carbide yahlulwe yaba yi-silicon carbide emnyama kunye ne-silicon carbide eluhlaza, zombini ziyikristale enehexagonal kunye nomlinganiselo we-3.20 ~ 3.25 kunye nobuncinci be-2840 ~ 3320kg/m².
Iimveliso ze-silicon ze-carbide zihlelwa kwiindidi ezininzi ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa ngakumbi ngoomatshini. Umzekelo, i-silicon carbide sisixhobo esifanelekileyo se-silicon carbide mechanical seal ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwayo kakuhle kweekhemikhali, ukomelela okuphezulu, ubunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, ukukhuhlana okuncinci kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.
Izangqa ze-SIC zotywina zinokwahlulwa zibe yiringi emileyo, iringi ehambayo, iringi ecaba njalo njalo. Isilicon ye-SiC inokwenziwa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-carbide, njenge-silicon carbide rotary ring, i-silicon carbide stationary seat, i-silicon carbide bush, njalo njalo, ngokweemfuno ezizodwa zabathengi. Ingaphinda isetyenziswe ngokudibanisa nezinto zegraphite, kwaye i-coefficient yayo ye-friction incinci kune-alumina ceramic kunye ne-alloy eqinile, ngoko ingasetyenziselwa kwixabiso eliphezulu le-PV, ngokukodwa kwimeko ye-asidi eqinile kunye ne-alkali eqinile.
Ukukhuhlana okucuthiweyo kwe-SIC yenye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokuyisebenzisa kwiitywina zoomatshini. I-SIC ke ngoko inokumelana nokunxiba kunye nokukrazula ngakumbi kunezinye izinto, ukwandisa ubomi betywina. Ukongeza, ukungqubana okucuthiweyo kwe-SIC kunciphisa imfuno yokuthambisa. Ukungabikho kwe-lubrication kunciphisa amathuba okungcola kunye nokubola, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka.
I-SIC nayo inokumelana okukhulu nokunxiba. Oku kubonisa ukuba inokunyamezela ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuwohloka okanye ukuphuka. Oku kuyenza ibe yimathiriyeli egqibeleleyo yokusetyenziswa efuna umgangatho ophezulu wokuthembeka kunye nokuqina.
Inokuthi iphinde ifakwe i-lap kwaye iphuculwe ukuze itywina ihlaziywe kaninzi kubomi bayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa ngakumbi ngoomatshini, njengakwizitywina zoomatshini ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwayo kakuhle kweekhemikhali, ukomelela okuphezulu, ubunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, ukukhuhlana okuncinci kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.
Xa isetyenziselwa ubuso bokutywinwa komatshini, i-silicon carbide iphumela ekusebenzeni okuphuculweyo, ukonyuka kobomi bokutywina, iindleko zokugcinwa okuphantsi, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kwezixhobo ezijikelezayo ezinjengee-turbines, compressors, kunye neepompo ze-centrifugal. I-silicon carbide ingaba neepropati ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwindlela eyenziwe ngayo. I-Reaction edityanisiweyo ye-silicon carbide yenziwa ngokudibanisa amasuntswana e-silicon carbide enye kwenye kwinkqubo yokusabela.
Le nkqubo ayichaphazeli kakhulu ininzi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-thermal yezinto eziphathekayo, nangona kunjalo iyanciphisa ukuchaswa kweekhemikhali kwizinto eziphathekayo. Iikhemikhali eziqhelekileyo ezinengxaki ziyi-caustics (kunye nezinye iikhemikhali eziphezulu ze-pH) kunye ne-acids eqinile, kwaye ngoko ke i-silicon carbide edibeneyo yokusabela ayifanele isetyenziswe kwezi zicelo.
I-Rection-sintered ingenisiwei-silicon carbide. Kwizinto ezinjalo, iipores zezinto zokuqala ze-SIC zizaliswe kwinkqubo yokungeniswa ngokutshisa i-silicon yesinyithi, ngoko ke i-SiC yesibini ibonakala kwaye izinto zifumana iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zoomatshini, ukuba zinganxibi. Ngenxa yokuncipha kwayo okuncinci, ingasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwamacandelo amakhulu kunye anzima kunye nokunyamezela okusondeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo we-silicon unciphisa ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza kwi-1,350 ° C, ukuchasana kweekhemikhali kukhawulelwe malunga ne-pH 10. Izinto eziphathekayo azikhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinobundlobongela ze-alkaline.
SinteredIsilicon carbide ifunyanwa ngokufaka igranulate ye-SIC ecinezelwe kwangaphambili kubushushu obungama-2000 °C ukwenza amaqhina aqinileyo phakathi kweenkozo zezinto.
Okokuqala, i-lattice iyancipha, ngoko i-porosity iyancipha, kwaye ekugqibeleni amabhondi phakathi kwe-grains sinter. Kwinkqubo yokucutshungulwa okunjalo, ukuncipha okukhulu kwemveliso kwenzeka - malunga ne-20%.
Umsesane wokutywina we-SSIC Iyakwazi ukumelana nayo yonke imichiza. Kuba akukho silicon yesinyithi ekhoyo kwisakhiwo sayo, ingasetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1600C ngaphandle kokuchaphazela amandla ayo.
| iipropati | R-SiC | S-SiC |
| I-Porosity (%) | ≤0.3 | ≤0.2 |
| Ubuninzi (g/cm3) | 3.05 | 3.1~3.15 |
| Ukuqina | 110 ~ 125 (HS) | 2800 (kg/mm2) |
| I-Elastic Modulus (Gpa) | ≥400 | ≥410 |
| Umxholo weSiC (%) | ≥85% | ≥99% |
| Si Umxholo (%) | ≤15% | 0.10% |
| Ukugoba Amandla (Mpa) | ≥350 | 450 |
| Amandla acinezelayo (kg/mm2) | ≥2200 | 3900 |
| I-Coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu (1/℃) | 4.5×10-6 | 4.3×10-6 |
| Ukumelana nobushushu (kwiatmosfera) (℃) | 1300 | 1600 |
TC mechanical seal
Izixhobo ze-TC zineempawu zobulukhuni obuphezulu, amandla, ukuxhathisa kwe-abrasion kunye nokumelana nomhlwa. Yaziwa njenge "Industrial Tooth". Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwishishini lomkhosi, i-aerospace, i-mechanical processing, i-metallurgy, i-oyile yokomba, unxibelelwano lwe-elektroniki, ulwakhiwo kunye nezinye iinkalo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimpompo, i-compressors kunye ne-agitators, i-tungsten carbide ring isetyenziswa njengezitywina zoomatshini. Ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kwe-abrasion kunye nobunzima obuphezulu buyenza ifanele ukwenziwa kwezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukukhuhla kunye nokuhlwa.
Ngokokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zokusetyenziswa, i-TC inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amane: tungsten cobalt (YG), tungsten-titanium (YT), tungsten titanium tantalum (YW), kunye titanium carbide (YN).
I-Tungsten cobalt (YG) i-alloy eqinile ihlanganiswe ne-WC kunye ne-Co.
I-Stellite (YT) iqulunqwe yi-WC, i-TiC kunye ne-Co. Ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-TiC kwi-alloy, ukuxhatshazwa kwayo kuphuculwe, kodwa amandla okugoba, ukusebenza kokugaya kunye ne-thermal conductivity kuye kwehla. Ngenxa yokuba i-brittleness phantsi kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, ifanelekile kuphela kwi-high-speed cutting cutting materials and not for processing of brittle materials.
I-tungsten titanium tantalum (niobium) cobalt (YW) yongezwa kwi-alloy ukunyusa ukuqina kobushushu obuphezulu, amandla kunye nokuxhathisa kwe-abrasion ngokusebenzisa isixa esifanelekileyo se-tantalum carbide okanye i-niobium carbide. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuqina kukwaphuculwa ngokusebenza ngcono kokusika. Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa izinto zokusika ezinzima kunye nokusika okuphakathi.
Iklasi yesiseko se-carbonized titanium (YN) i-alloy enzima kunye nesigaba esinzima se-TiC, i-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum. Iingenelo zayo bubunzima obuphezulu, amandla okumelana ne-bonding, i-anti-crescent wear kunye ne-anti-oxidation ikhono. Kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphezu kwe-1000 degrees, isenokwenziwa ngoomatshini. Isebenza ngokuqhubekayo-yokugqitywa kwensimbi ye-alloy kunye nentsimbi yokucima.
| imodeli | umxholo we-nickel (wt%) | Ubuninzi (g/cm²) | ubunzima (HRA) | amandla okugoba(≥N/mm²) |
| YN6 | 5.7-6.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YN8 | 7.7-8.2 | 14.4-14.8 | 87.5-90.0 | 2000 |
| imodeli | umxholo wecobalt (wt%) | Ubuninzi (g/cm²) | ubunzima (HRA) | amandla okugoba(≥N/mm²) |
| YG6 | 5.8-6.2 | 14.6-15.0 | 89.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YG8 | 7.8-8.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.0-90.5 | 1980 |
| YG12 | 11.7-12.2 | 13.9-14.5 | 87.5-89.5 | 2400 |
| YG15 | 14.6-15.2 | 13.9-14.2 | 87.5-89.0 | 2480 |
| YG20 | 19.6-20.2 | 13.4-13.7 | 85.5-88.0 | 2650 |
| YG25 | 24.5-25.2 | 12.9-13.2 | 84.5-87.5 | 2850 |