Izivatho zoomatshinizidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni ukuvuza kwamashishini amaninzi ahlukeneyo. Kwishishini lezolwandle kukhoukupompa izitywino zoomatshini, izitywino zoomatshini ezijikelezayo. Kwaye kwishishini leoyile negesi kukhoitywina zoomatshini zekhatriji,Izitywino zoomatshini eziqhekekileyo okanye izitywino zoomatshini zegesi eyomileyo. Kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto kukho izitywino zoomatshini zamanzi. Kwaye kwimizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali kukho izitywino zoomatshini zokuxuba (izitywino zoomatshini ze-agitator) kunye nezitywino zoomatshini ze-compressor.
Kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, ifuna isisombululo sokutywina ngoomatshini esinezinto ezahlukeneyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ezisetyenziswayoizitywino zomngxuma woomatshini ezifana nezitywino zoomatshini zeceramic, izitywino zoomatshini zecarbon, izitywino zoomatshini zeSilicone carbide,Izitywino zoomatshini ze-SSIC kunyeIzitywino zoomatshini ze-TC.
Itywina zoomatshini zobumba
Izitywino zoomatshini zeseramikhi zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, ezenzelwe ukuthintela ukuvuza kolwelo phakathi kweendawo ezimbini, njenge-shaft ejikelezayo kunye nendlu engashukumiyo. Ezi zitywino zixatyiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana kwazo nokuguguleka okugqwesileyo, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo.
Indima ephambili yezitywina zoomatshini be-ceramic kukugcina ukuthembeka kwezixhobo ngokuthintela ukulahleka kolwelo okanye ukungcola. Zisetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi, kuquka ioyile negesi, ukucubungula iikhemikhali, unyango lwamanzi, amayeza, kunye nokucubungula ukutya. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezi tywina kunokubangelwa kukwakhiwa kwazo okuhlala ixesha elide; zenziwe ngezinto ze-ceramic eziphambili ezibonelela ngeempawu zokusebenza ezigqwesileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto zesitywina.
Izitywino zoomatshini zeseramikhi zakha izinto ezimbini eziphambili: enye bubuso obungashukumiyo boomatshini (obudla ngokwenziwa ngezinto zeseramikhi), kwaye enye bubuso obujikelezayo boomatshini (obudla ngokwakhiwa ngegrafiti yekhabhoni). Isenzo sokutywina senzeka xa ubuso bobabini bucinezelwe kunye kusetyenziswa amandla entwasahlobo, okudala umqobo osebenzayo ngokuchasene nokuvuza kolwelo. Njengoko izixhobo zisebenza, ifilimu yokuthambisa phakathi kobuso bokuvala inciphisa ukungqubana kunye nokuguguleka ngelixa igcina isitywino esiqinileyo.
Into ebalulekileyo eyahlula izitywini zoomatshini zeseramikhi kwezinye iintlobo kukumelana kwazo okubalaseleyo nokuguguleka. Izinto zeseramikhi zineempawu ezintle zokuqina ezizivumela ukuba zinyamezele iimeko ezirhabaxa ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba izitywini ezihlala ixesha elide ezifuna ukutshintshwa okanye ukulungiswa rhoqo kunezo zenziwe ngezinto ezithambileyo.
Ukongeza ekungagugini, iiseramikhi zikwabonisa uzinzo olukhethekileyo kubushushu. Ziyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kukusebenza kwazo kokutywina. Oku kuzenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu apho ezinye izinto zokutywina zinokungasebenzi kakuhle ngaphambi kwexesha.
Okokugqibela, izitywino zoomatshini zeseramikhi zibonelela ngokuhambelana kakuhle kweekhemikhali, kunye nokumelana nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezirhabaxa. Oku kuzenza zibe lukhetho olunomtsalane kumashishini ahlala ejongana neekhemikhali ezirhabaxa kunye nolwelo olurhabaxa.
Izitywino zoomatshini ze-ceramic zibalulekileizitywino zecandelozenzelwe ukuthintela ukuvuza kolwelo kwizixhobo zoshishino. Iimpawu zazo ezikhethekileyo, ezinje ngokumelana nokuguguleka, ukuzinza kobushushu, kunye nokuhambelana kweekhemikhali, zizenza zibe lukhetho olukhethwayo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo kumashishini amaninzi.
| impahla ebonakalayo yeseramikhi | ||||
| Ipharamitha yobugcisa | iyunithi | 95% | 99% | 99.50% |
| Uxinano | g/cm3 | 3.7 | 3.88 | 3.9 |
| Ukuqina | I-HRA | 85 | 88 | 90 |
| Izinga lokuqhekeka | % | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Amandla okuqhekeka | I-MPa | 250 | 310 | 350 |
| Ukwanda kobushushu okulinganayo | 10(-6)/K | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
| Ukuqhuba kobushushu | W/MK | 27.8 | 26.7 | 26 |
Iisitywino ze-carbon mechanical
Itywina yekhabhoni yoomatshini inembali ende. I-Graphite yi-isoform ye-element carbon. Ngo-1971, i-United States yafunda ngezinto eziphumelelayo zokutywina i-graphite eguquguqukayo, ezasombulula ukuvuza kwevalvu yamandla e-athomu. Emva kokucubungula nzulu, i-graphite eguquguqukayo iba yinto efanelekileyo yokutywina, eyenziwa ibe ziitywina ezahlukeneyo zekhabhoni yoomatshini ngesiphumo sezinto zokutywina. Ezi tywina zekhabhoni yoomatshini zisetyenziswa kumashishini eekhemikhali, ipetroli, kunye nombane afana netywina yolwelo olushushu kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuba i-graphite eguquguqukayo yenziwa kukwandiswa kwe-graphite eyandisiweyo emva kobushushu obuphezulu, ubungakanani be-intercalating agent eseleyo kwi-flexible graphite buncinci kakhulu, kodwa abuphelelanga apho, ngoko ke ubukho kunye nokwakheka kwe-intercalation agent kunempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zobuso beCarbon Seal
Umqambi wokuqala wasebenzisa i-sulfuric acid exineneyo njenge-oxidant kunye ne-intercalating agent. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba isetyenziswe kwisitywina senxalenye yesinyithi, kwafunyaniswa ukuba incinci i-sulfur eseleyo kwi-graphite eguquguqukayo iyayigqwalisa intsimbi edibeneyo emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ezinye iingcali zasekhaya ziye zazama ukuyiphucula, njengoSong Kemin okhethe i-acetic acid kunye ne-organic acid endaweni ye-sulfuric acid. acid, ecothayo kwi-nitric acid, kwaye yehlisa ubushushu ukuya kubushushu begumbi, eyenziwe ngomxube we-nitric acid kunye ne-acetic acid. Ngokusebenzisa umxube we-nitric acid kunye ne-acetic acid njenge-inserting agent, i-sulfur free expanded graphite yalungiswa nge-potassium permanganate njenge-oxidant, kwaye i-acetic acid yongezwa kancinci kwi-nitric acid. Ubushushu buyehla bufike kubushushu begumbi, kwaye kwenziwa umxube we-nitric acid kunye ne-acetic acid. Emva koko kongezwa i-natural flake graphite kunye ne-potassium permanganate kulo mxube. Xa kuxutywa rhoqo, ubushushu buyi-30 C. Emva kokusabela imizuzu engama-40, amanzi ayahlanjwa angabi mdaka aze omiswe kwi-50 ~ 60 C, kwaye i-graphite eyandisiweyo yenziwa emva kokwandiswa kobushushu obuphezulu. Le ndlela ayiphumeleli ukukhupha i-vulcanization phantsi kwemeko yokuba imveliso inokufikelela kumthamo othile wokwandiswa, ukuze kufezekiswe uhlobo oluzinzileyo lwezinto zokutywina.
| Uhlobo | M106H | M120H | M106K | M120K | M106F | M120F | M106D | I-M120D | M254D |
| Uphawu | Ikhulelwe | Ikhulelwe | I-Phenol efakwe kwi-fenol | I-Antimony Carbon(A) | |||||
| Uxinano | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Amandla okuqhekeka | 65 | 60 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 65 | 60 | 55 |
| Amandla oxinzelelo | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 220 | 220 | 210 |
| Ukuqina | 85 | 80 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| Ukugquma | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 |
| Amaqondo obushushu | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 400 | 400 | 450 |
I-Silicon Carbide mechanical seals
I-silicon carbide (SiC) ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-carborundum, eyenziwe ngesanti ye-quartz, i-petroleum coke (okanye i-coal coke), iitships zomthi (ezifuna ukongezwa xa kusenziwa i-silicon carbide eluhlaza) njalo njalo. I-Silicon carbide ikwanayo neminerali engaqhelekanga, i-mulberry. Kwi-C, N, B yanamhlanje kunye nezinye izinto ezingasetyenziswanga kwi-oxide ephezulu, i-silicon carbide yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu nezingabizi kakhulu, ezinokubizwa ngokuba yintlabathi yentsimbi yegolide okanye intlabathi enganyangekiyo. Okwangoku, imveliso ye-silicon carbide yaseTshayina yahlulwe yaba yi-silicon carbide emnyama kunye ne-silicon carbide eluhlaza, zombini ezi ziikristale ezine-hexagonal enomlinganiselo we-3.20 ~ 3.25 kunye nobunzima obuncinci be-2840 ~ 3320kg/m².
Iimveliso ze-silicon carbide zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ngeentlobo ngokweendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu ngoomatshini. Umzekelo, i-silicon carbide sisixhobo esifanelekileyo sokuvala i-silicon carbide mechanical seal ngenxa yokumelana kwayo kakuhle nokugqwala kweekhemikhali, amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuhle, umlinganiselo omncinci wokungqubana kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.
Iiringi zeSIC Seal zingahlulwa zibe yiringi engashukumiyo, iringi ehambayo, iringi ethe tyaba njalo njalo. I-SiC silicon inokwenziwa ibe ziimveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-carbide, ezifana neringi ye-silicon carbide ejikelezayo, isihlalo se-silicon carbide esimileyo, i-silicon carbide bush, njalo njalo, ngokweemfuno ezikhethekileyo zabathengi. Ingasetyenziswa kunye nezinto ze-graphite, kwaye i-friction coefficient yayo incinci kune-alumina ceramic kunye ne-hard alloy, ngoko ke ingasetyenziswa ngexabiso eliphezulu le-PV, ngakumbi kwimeko ye-asidi enamandla kunye ne-alkali enamandla.
Ukungqubana okunciphileyo kwe-SIC yenye yezona nzuzo ziphambili zokuyisebenzisa kwizitywino zoomatshini. Ngenxa yoko, i-SIC inokumelana nokuguguleka ngcono kunezinye izinto, nto leyo eyandisa ubomi besitywino. Ukongeza, ukungqubana okunciphileyo kwe-SIC kunciphisa imfuneko yokugcotshwa. Ukungabikho kokugcotshwa kunciphisa amathuba okungcola nokugqwala, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka.
I-SIC ikwanokumelana okukhulu nokuguguleka. Oku kubonisa ukuba inokunyamezela ukusetyenziswa rhoqo ngaphandle kokuwohloka okanye ukuqhekeka. Oku kuyenza ibe yeyona nto ifanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa efuna umgangatho ophezulu wokuthembeka nokuqina.
Ingaphinda idityaniswe ize ipholishwe ukuze isitywini sihlaziywe amaxesha amaninzi ebomini bayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu ngoomatshini, njengakwiisitywini zoomatshini ngenxa yokumelana kakuhle nokugqwala kweekhemikhali, amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana kakuhle nokuguguleka, umlinganiselo omncinci wokungqubana kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.
Xa isetyenziselwa ubuso bokutywina boomatshini, i-silicon carbide ibangela ukusebenza okuphuculweyo, ubomi bokutywina obandayo, iindleko eziphantsi zokugcinwa, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kwezixhobo ezijikelezayo ezifana neeturbines, iicompressors, kunye neepompo ze-centrifugal. I-Silicon carbide inokuba neepropati ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela eyenziwe ngayo. I-Reaction bonded silicon carbide yenziwa ngokubophelela amasuntswana e-silicon carbide kwenye kwenye kwinkqubo yokusabela.
Le nkqubo ayichaphazeli kakhulu uninzi lweempawu zomzimba nezobushushu zezinto, nangona kunjalo iyawuthintela ukumelana kweekhemikhali zezinto. Iikhemikhali eziqhelekileyo eziyingxaki zii-caustics (kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezine-pH ephezulu) kunye nee-asidi ezinamandla, ngoko ke akufuneki zisetyenziswe kwezi zixhobo.
I-reaction-sintered ingeniswei-silicon carbide. Kwizinto ezinjalo, iimbobo zezinto zokuqala ze-SIC zizaliswa kwinkqubo yokungena ngokutshisa i-silicon yesinyithi, ngaloo ndlela kuvela i-SiC yesibini kwaye izinto zifumana iipropati ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini, zibe nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ngenxa yokuncipha kwayo okuncinci, ingasetyenziswa ekuveliseni iindawo ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo ezinokunyamezelana okusondeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo we-silicon unciphisa ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza ukuya kwi-1,350 °C, ukumelana neekhemikhali kukwalinganiselwe malunga ne-pH 10. Ezi zinto azikhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinoburhalarhume be-alkaline.
I-Sinteredi-silicon carbide ifunyanwa ngokutshiza i-SIC granulate ecinezelweyo kakuhle kubushushu obuyi-2000 °C ukuze yenze iibhondi eziqinileyo phakathi kweenkozo zezinto.
Okokuqala, i-lattice iyaqina, emva koko i-porosity iyancipha, kwaye ekugqibeleni iibhondi phakathi kweenkozo ziyabola. Kwinkqubo yokucubungula okunjalo, imveliso iyancipha kakhulu - malunga ne-20%.
Indandatho yesitywino se-SSIC iyamelana nazo zonke iikhemikhali. Ekubeni kungekho silicon yesinyithi kwisakhiwo sayo, ingasetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-1600C ngaphandle kokuchaphazela amandla ayo.
| iipropati | R-SiC | I-S-SiC |
| Ukuxinana (%) | ≤0.3 | ≤0.2 |
| Ubuninzi (g/cm3) | 3.05 | 3.1~3.15 |
| Ukuqina | 110~125 (HS) | 2800 (kg/mm2) |
| I-Elastic Modulus (i-Gpa) | ≥400 | ≥410 |
| Umxholo weSiC (%) | ≥85% | ≥99% |
| Umxholo (%) | ≤15% | 0.10% |
| Amandla okugoba (i-Mpa) | ≥350 | 450 |
| Amandla okucinezela (kg/mm2) | ≥2200 | 3900 |
| I-coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu (1/℃) | 4.5×10-6 | 4.3×10-6 |
| Ukumelana nobushushu (kwi-atmosfera) (℃) | 1300 | 1600 |
Itywina yoomatshini ye-TC
Izixhobo ze-TC zineempawu zobunzima obuphezulu, amandla, ukumelana nokukrala kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Yaziwa ngokuba yi-"Industrial Tooth". Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwezomkhosi, kwi-aerospace, ekucutshungulweni koomatshini, kwi-metallurgy, ekubholeni ioyile, kunxibelelwano lwe-elektroniki, kwizakhiwo nakwezinye iindawo. Umzekelo, kwiimpompo, kwi-compressors nakwi-agitators, i-Tungsten carbide ring isetyenziswa njenge-mechanical seals. Ukumelana nokukrala okuhle kunye nobunzima obuphezulu kwenza ukuba ifaneleke ukwenziwa kweendawo ezingagugiyo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ukungqubana kunye nokugqwala.
Ngokwendlela ekwakhiwe ngayo iikhemikhali kunye neempawu zokusetyenziswa kwayo, i-TC inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezine: i-tungsten cobalt (YG), i-tungsten-titanium (YT), i-tungsten titanium tantalum (YW), kunye ne-titanium carbide (YN).
I-alloy eqinileyo ye-Tungsten cobalt (YG) yenziwe yi-WC and Co. Ifanelekile ekucubunguleni izinto ezibuthathaka ezifana nesinyithi esityhidiweyo, iintsimbi ezingezizo iintsimbi kunye nezinto ezingezizo iintsimbi.
I-Stellite (YT) yenziwe yi-WC, i-TiC kunye ne-Co. Ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-TiC kwi-alloy, ukumelana kwayo nokuguguleka kuphucukile, kodwa amandla okugoba, ukusebenza kokusila kunye nokuqhuba kwayo ubushushu kunciphile. Ngenxa yokuba buthathaka kwayo phantsi kobushushu obuphantsi, ifanelekile kuphela kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokusika ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye ayifanelekanga ukucutshungulwa kwezixhobo ezibuthathaka.
I-tungsten titanium tantalum (niobium) cobalt (YW) yongezwa kwi-alloy ukuze yonyuse ubulukhuni, amandla kunye nokumelana nokukrala kubushushu obuphezulu ngokusebenzisa ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-tantalum carbide okanye i-niobium carbide. Kwangaxeshanye, ubulukhuni buphuculwa ngokusebenza ngcono kokusika. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokusika eziqinileyo kunye nokusika okwethutyana.
I-carbonized titanium base class (YN) yi-alloy eqinileyo ene-hard phase ye-TiC, i-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum. Iingenelo zayo bubunzima obuphezulu, amandla okulwa nokunamathela, ukuguguleka kwe-crescent kunye nokukwazi ukulwa nokuxinana ne-oxidation. Kubushushu obungaphezulu kwe-1000 degrees, isenokwenziwa ngomatshini. Isebenza ekugqityweni okuqhubekayo kwentsimbi ye-alloy kunye nentsimbi yokucima.
| imodeli | umxholo we-nickel (ubude%) | uxinano(g/cm²) | ubulukhuni (HRA) | amandla okugoba (≥N/mm²) |
| YN6 | 5.7-6.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YN8 | 7.7-8.2 | 14.4-14.8 | 87.5-90.0 | 2000 |
| imodeli | umxholo we-cobalt (ubude%) | uxinano(g/cm²) | ubulukhuni (HRA) | amandla okugoba (≥N/mm²) |
| YG6 | 5.8-6.2 | 14.6-15.0 | 89.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YG8 | 7.8-8.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.0-90.5 | 1980 |
| YG12 | 11.7-12.2 | 13.9-14.5 | 87.5-89.5 | 2400 |
| YG15 | 14.6-15.2 | 13.9-14.2 | 87.5-89.0 | 2480 |
| YG20 | 19.6-20.2 | 13.4-13.7 | 85.5-88.0 | 2650 |
| YG25 | 24.5-25.2 | 12.9-13.2 | 84.5-87.5 | 2850 |